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Quizzes > History

Cleopatra quiz: How well do you know the last pharaoh?

Quick, free Cleopatra trivia to test your history knowledge. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Nicole MonceUpdated Aug 27, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art Cleopatra portrait with Egyptian crown and hieroglyph accents on golden yellow background for trivia quiz.

This Cleopatra quiz helps you test what you know about Cleopatra VII, her rise, rule, and legacy. Answer quick questions, learn a few facts, and see your score right away. Then go deeper with our Ancient Egypt quiz or explore gods and legends in an egyptian mythology quiz.

To which dynastic house did Cleopatra VII belong?
Carolingian dynasty
Roman dynasty
Julio-Claudian dynasty
Ptolemaic dynasty
Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. This Macedonian Greek royal house was founded by Ptolemy I Soter after Alexander the Great’s death. The Ptolemies maintained power in Egypt from 305 BC until Cleopatra’s demise in 30 BC. Cleopatra’s reign marked the end of this lineage.
What was Cleopatra VII's primary native tongue?
Ancient Egyptian
Aramaic
Latin
Greek
Cleopatra VII was of Macedonian Greek descent and her native language was Koine Greek. Although she famously learned Egyptian, Greek remained her first language. Her education was typical for Ptolemaic royalty, emphasizing Greek culture and language. Ancient sources note her linguistic talents.
Who was Cleopatra's co-ruler and younger brother when she first ascended the throne?
Ptolemy XIII
Ptolemy XII
Ptolemy XV Caesarion
Ptolemy XIV
When Cleopatra VII became pharaoh in 51 BC, she was co-regent with her younger brother Ptolemy XIII. This joint rule was typical of Ptolemaic succession, though sibling rivalry soon erupted. Their conflict led to Roman intervention under Julius Caesar. Ptolemy XIII ultimately perished in the struggle.
Which Roman leader did Cleopatra first form an alliance and romantic relationship with?
Pompey the Great
Mark Antony
Julius Caesar
Marcus Brutus
Cleopatra VII’s first recorded liaison with Rome was with Julius Caesar in 48 BC. Their political and romantic alliance solidified her grip on the Egyptian throne. Caesar supported Cleopatra against her brother Ptolemy XIII during the Siege of Alexandria. This partnership also produced her son Caesarion.
The decisive defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony's forces took place at which battle?
Battle of Carrhae
Battle of Zama
Battle of Actium
Battle of Pharsalus
The naval Battle of Actium on September 2, 31 BC, decisively ended the alliance of Cleopatra and Mark Antony. Octavian’s fleet, commanded by Agrippa, outmaneuvered their forces. The defeat led to their retreat to Egypt and eventual suicides. Actium marked the end of Ptolemaic rule and the rise of Rome’s imperial era.
In what year did Cleopatra VII die?
31 BC
28 BC
29 BC
30 BC
Cleopatra VII died in August of 30 BC, shortly after the defeat at Actium and the suicides of both her and Mark Antony. Ancient accounts suggest she was 39 years old at her death. Her passing marked the formal end of the Hellenistic era in Egypt. Rome annexed Egypt as a province under Octavian.
What was the name of Cleopatra's son with Julius Caesar?
Caesarion
Ptolemy Philadelphus
Alexander Helios
Seleucus
Cleopatra’s only child with Julius Caesar was Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar, commonly known as Caesarion. He was born in 47 BC and declared co-ruler by Cleopatra in 44 BC. Caesarion’s claim threatened Rome’s stability after Caesar’s assassination. He was killed on Octavian’s orders in 30 BC.
Cleopatra portrayed herself as the living embodiment of which Egyptian goddess?
Isis
Hathor
Sekhmet
Bastet
Cleopatra identified herself with Isis, the Egyptian goddess of motherhood and fertility. By aligning with Isis, she reinforced her legitimacy as a divinely sanctioned ruler. This connection was emphasized in temples and public rituals. Ancient coinage and inscriptions depict this likeness.
How did Cleopatra famously first meet Julius Caesar according to Plutarch?
She rode in on an elephant decked in gold
She was smuggled into the palace rolled up in a carpet
She arrived in a golden chariot drawn by peacocks
She crossed the Nile on a boat of lilies
Plutarch describes how Cleopatra had herself delivered to Julius Caesar in a rug or carpet during the Alexandria siege. This bold dramatic act secured an audience with him. It highlights her cunning and determination. The story has become a famous anecdote of their first meeting.
How many children did Cleopatra have in total?
Three
Five
Four
Two
Cleopatra bore four children: Caesarion with Julius Caesar, and the twins Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene plus Ptolemy Philadelphus with Mark Antony. These children were central to the Donations of Alexandria in 34 BC. Their births also reinforced her political alliances. None of her offspring survived into adulthood to rule Egypt.
Cleopatra broke Ptolemaic tradition by appearing on coins. Whose portrait did she feature?
Mark Antony
Her own
Ptolemy XII
Julius Caesar
Cleopatra was the first Ptolemaic ruler to feature her own portrait on Egyptian coinage. This departure from tradition reinforced her authority and public image as a sovereign leader. Coins from her reign show her distinct profile and royal diadem. Numismatic evidence underlines her political savvy.
What nickname was given to Cleopatra's father, Ptolemy XII, referring to his musical hobby?
The Trumpeter
The Lyre Master
The Flute Player
The Harpist
Ptolemy XII was nicknamed Auletes, which means "the flute player" in Greek. Ancient sources mention his passion for playing the aulos, a reed instrument. His musical hobby was mocked by critics, affecting his reputation in Rome. The nickname stuck throughout his reign.
Which of Cleopatra's children were twins fathered by Mark Antony?
Ptolemy Philadelphus and Cleopatra Selene
Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus
Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene
Caesarion and Cleopatra Selene
Cleopatra’s twins with Mark Antony were Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene, born in 40 BC. They were part of the famous Donations of Alexandria in 34 BC. Their births underlined the political alliance between Egypt and Antony. The fate of Alexander Helios is uncertain, while Cleopatra Selene became queen of Mauretania.
Which event involved Cleopatra and Mark Antony distributing lands to their children?
The Donations of Alexandria
The Treaty of Misenum
The Philotic Decree
The Treaty of Actium
In 34 BC, Cleopatra and Mark Antony staged the Donations of Alexandria, awarding territories across the eastern Mediterranean to their children. This political act asserted their control and challenged Octavian’s authority. The event outraged Roman senators and helped precipitate the final war of the Roman Republic. It remains a key moment in late Hellenistic history.
According to ancient sources, how is it believed Cleopatra committed suicide?
Snake bite from an asp
Poisoned herself with hemlock
Fell on her sword
Drowned in the Nile
Classical writers report that Cleopatra committed suicide by allowing an asp (Egyptian cobra) to bite her. The image of the serpent has become legendary, though some historians debate the method. Ancient sources like Plutarch and Cassius Dio detail this account. Her death symbolized the end of Ptolemaic rule.
What was Cleopatra's birthplace?
Alexandria
Memphis
Naucratis
Thebes
Cleopatra VII was born in Alexandria, the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt, around 69 BC. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, Alexandria was a major cultural and intellectual center. Cleopatra spent much of her life there as pharaoh. The city’s famous library and lighthouse were prominent landmarks during her time.
Who commanded Cleopatra and Mark Antony's naval forces at the Battle of Actium?
Papias
Cleopatra herself
Achillas
Demetrius
Papias commanded the Egyptian fleet supporting Mark Antony at Actium. He was one of Antony’s key naval officers. His fleet formation and tactics ultimately proved inferior to Agrippa’s. Papias survived the battle but Antony’s forces were decisively defeated.
Which foreign kingdom did Cleopatra forge diplomatic relations with to secure grain and military aid?
Kingdom of Kush
Kingdom of Aksum
Seleucid Empire
Carthaginian Republic
Cleopatra maintained diplomatic ties with the Kingdom of Kush to the south of Egypt. Kushite rulers provided military support and grain shipments when Egypt faced shortages. These relations strengthened her strategic position. They also reflect her broader foreign policy initiatives.
Which ancient historian's writings are one of the main surviving sources about Cleopatra's life?
Plutarch
Herodotus
Tacitus
Thucydides
Much of what we know about Cleopatra comes from Plutarch’s "Life of Antony" in his Parallel Lives. Plutarch wrote in the early 2nd century AD, well after her death. His accounts combine biography with moral lessons, so some details are debated. Nonetheless, Plutarch remains a crucial source for her life.
Cleopatra's coinage from around 28 BC depicts her wearing which headdress symbolizing her royal status?
Royal diadem with ram horns and solar disk
Phrygian cap
Egyptian nemes headdress
Laurel wreath
Cleopatra's silver tetradrachms show her with a diadem crowned by ram’s horns and a solar disk. This iconography linked her to the god Amun and reinforced her divine kingship. The style also emphasized her role as Egypt’s pharaoh. Numismatic studies highlight these symbols.
Some sources suggest Cleopatra wrote treatises on which subjects?
Philosophy and ethics
Mathematics and astronomy
Medicine and cosmetics
Poetry and drama
Pliny the Elder mentions that Cleopatra authored works on cosmetics and medicinal recipes. These writings were reputedly translated into several languages. Although the original texts have been lost, later references note her expertise in pharmacology. Her scholarly reputation extended beyond politics.
During the Siege of Alexandria, Cleopatra supported Julius Caesar against which family member?
Ptolemy XII
Caesarion
Arsinoe IV
Ptolemy XIII
In 48–47 BC, Cleopatra allied with Julius Caesar to overthrow her brother Ptolemy XIII during the Siege of Alexandria. Ptolemy XIII’s forces besieged Caesar’s troops, prompting Cleopatra’s negotiation and eventual joint rule. Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile during this conflict. This alliance solidified her position on the throne.
According to Plutarch, Cleopatra claimed descent from which of her ancestors?
Ramses II
Cleopatra II
Alexander the Great
Ptolemy I Soter
Plutarch records that Cleopatra traced her lineage to Ptolemy I Soter, the Macedonian general of Alexander the Great who founded the Ptolemaic dynasty. This connection bolstered her legitimacy among Greek and Egyptian subjects. Although later sources romanticized a link to Alexander himself, there is no evidence she claimed descent from him. Her ancestral prestige lay in Ptolemy I.
Which Roman figure did Cleopatra intend to marry before the Senate declared it invalid?
Marcus Lepidus
Octavian
Mark Antony
Pompey the Great
After Caesar’s assassination, Cleopatra proposed marriage to Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus) to secure her position. The Roman Senate refused to recognize such a union, nullifying the arrangement. This diplomatic rebuff drove her to ally with Mark Antony instead. The failed marriage plan highlights Rome’s political constraints.
The 'Donation of Alexandria,' documented most extensively by which historian, outlined the political settlement granting territories to Cleopatra's children?
Suetonius
Josephus
Plutarch
Cassius Dio
Cassius Dio provides one of the most detailed accounts of the Donations of Alexandria in his Roman History. He describes how Mark Antony and Cleopatra distributed eastern provinces to their children in 34 BC. While Plutarch and others mention the event, Dio’s narrative is notably comprehensive. His work remains key for scholars studying late republican Rome.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Recall Major Milestones -

    Recall the key events in Cleopatra VII's life, including her rise to power, alliances, and reign milestones.

  2. Identify Political and Romantic Alliances -

    Identify Cleopatra's strategic partnerships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony and their significance in ancient geopolitics.

  3. Analyze Egypt-Rome Relations -

    Analyze the impact of Cleopatra's reign on Egypt's relationship with Rome and the broader Mediterranean world.

  4. Differentiate Fact from Fiction -

    Differentiate historical facts about Cleopatra from popular myths and legends that have shaped her legacy.

  5. Understand Cultural Contributions -

    Understand Cleopatra's contributions to Egypt's culture, language, and governance during her rule.

  6. Evaluate Cleopatra Trivia Knowledge -

    Evaluate your mastery of Cleopatra trivia by testing and reflecting on the major aspects of her life and legacy.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Cleopatra's Ptolemaic Lineage -

    Cleopatra VII was part of the Macedonian Greek Ptolemaic dynasty, which ruled Egypt from 305 to 30 BCE. University of Oxford researchers emphasize her heritage defined her political legitimacy and is a staple in many cleopatra quiz questions.

  2. Strategic Roman Alliances -

    In 48 BCE, Cleopatra allied with Julius Caesar - securing her throne through their son Caesarion - and later partnered with Mark Antony. According to the American Historical Association, these alliances are central to cleopatra trivia and illustrate her diplomatic acumen.

  3. Multilingual Mastery and Scholarship -

    Unlike her Ptolemaic predecessors, Cleopatra VII spoke up to nine languages and personally learned Egyptian, as noted by British Museum records. This linguistic prowess is one of the most celebrated cleopatra VII facts in ancient Egypt trivia challenges.

  4. Naval Warfare at Actium -

    The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE saw Cleopatra and Mark Antony's fleet defeated by Octavian's forces, signaling the end of her reign. Detailed analyses from the Journal of Roman Studies make this decisive naval engagement a frequent queen cleopatra question.

  5. Enduring Cultural Legacy -

    Cleopatra's dramatic suicide in 30 BCE and her portrayal in art, literature, and film have cemented her image as an icon of power and intrigue. UNESCO heritage scholars note her life story remains central to countless cleopatra trivia quizzes and educational resources worldwide.

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