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Quizzes > Business & Finance

Protected Disclosure Quiz: Choose the Definition That Fits

Quick, free whistleblower definition quiz. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Milena GlumsicUpdated Aug 27, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art whistle and documents on dark blue background symbolizing whistleblowing quiz challenge.

This protected disclosure quiz helps you decide what counts as a whistleblower report and what does not, using clear, everyday examples. Practice spotting reportable wrongdoing, learn the line between internal feedback and formal reporting, and compare similar cases. For related topics, explore our HIPAA incidental disclosure quiz, data privacy quiz, and academic integrity quiz.

Who is considered a whistleblower?
Someone leaking personal data for profit
A current or former employee reporting misconduct internally or to authorities
A government official making policy changes
A journalist publishing classified documents
A whistleblower is typically a current or former employee who reports illegal or unethical practices within an organization either internally or to relevant authorities. This definition excludes journalists or unrelated individuals who might disclose information. Most legal frameworks focus on the employee-employer relationship in whistleblowing cases.
Which federal law specifically protects most federal employees who report wrongdoing?
Whistleblower Protection Act
Dodd-Frank Act
False Claims Act
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA) provides broad protections to federal employees who disclose government misconduct. It covers retaliatory actions such as dismissal and demotion. Other statutes address different sectors or issues but do not provide the same general cover for federal employees.
What does internal whistleblowing refer to?
Sharing confidential information with competitors
Filing a lawsuit under a qui tam provision
Reporting misconduct directly to the media
Reporting misconduct within the organization to supervisors or compliance departments
Internal whistleblowing occurs when employees report wrongdoing to managers, compliance officers, or other designated internal channels. This contrasts with external whistleblowing, which involves outside agencies or the public. Many organizations establish hotlines or ombuds offices to facilitate internal disclosures.
Which of the following is a common form of retaliation against whistleblowers?
Immediate promotion
Publicly praising the whistleblower
Recognition with awards
Threats, harassment, or intimidation by management
Retaliation can include threats, harassment, demotion, or termination of the whistleblower. Such negative actions aim to deter future disclosures and can be illegal under whistleblower protection statutes. Organizations are required to prevent and address these retaliatory behaviors.
Under the Dodd-Frank Act, whistleblowers who provide original information to the SEC may receive which of the following?
No formal recognition
Free legal representation by the SEC
Monetary awards equal to 10 - 30% of sanctions collected
Guaranteed promotion within their company
The Dodd-Frank Act provides for monetary awards of 10 - 30% of the funds recovered when whistleblowers supply original, high-quality information to the SEC. This reward structure incentivizes disclosures of significant financial misconduct. The program also ensures protections against retaliation.
A qui tam action under the False Claims Act allows a private individual to:
Receive protections under the Whistleblower Protection Act
Report misconduct to the SEC only
Sue on behalf of the government and share in any recovery
File an internal company complaint
A qui tam provision allows a private citizen to file suit in the government's name against parties defrauding the government, with the relator sharing in the recovery. This mechanism is central to the False Claims Act's enforcement. It encourages insiders to report fraud that might otherwise go undetected.
Which best describes external whistleblowing?
Leaking information to the press for publicity
Discussing concerns solely with colleagues
Reporting misconduct to an outside regulatory or enforcement agency
Informing an in-house compliance office only
External whistleblowing occurs when an individual reports wrongdoing to agencies or bodies outside their organization, such as regulatory or law enforcement agencies. This differs from internal channels, which involve reporting within the company. External reporting can trigger government investigations and enforcement actions.
Which entity typically handles whistleblower disclosures within the U.S. Department of Defense?
Federal Reserve Board
Department of Commerce
Department of the Treasury
Defense Office of Inspector General (DoD OIG)
The Defense Office of Inspector General (DoD OIG) oversees whistleblower disclosures and investigates allegations of wrongdoing within the Department of Defense. It provides secure channels for reporting and safeguards whistleblowers against retaliation. This structure ensures accountability in defense operations.
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, employees of publicly traded companies are protected from retaliation when they:
Discuss corporate strategy with the media
Make purely personal grievances public
File a qui tam suit under the False Claims Act
Report potential securities law violations to the SEC or an internal supervisor
Sarbanes-Oxley protects employees of public companies who provide information about securities law violations to the SEC, federal agencies, members of Congress, or internal supervisors. These provisions are designed to encourage reporting of financial fraud. Unauthorized leaks to the media are not covered under SOX protections.
Which of the following is NOT typically a motivation for whistleblowing?
Expectation of financial rewards under certain laws
Altruism and protecting the public interest
Personal vendetta or desire to harm the organization without cause
Compliance with professional or legal obligations
Common motivations include altruism, compliance with legal or ethical duties, and potential financial awards. A purely personal vendetta to damage the organization is not a recognized or protected ground for whistleblowing. Laws focus on public interest and wrongdoing rather than personal animus.
Which principle ensures whistleblowers' identities are kept secret to encourage reporting?
Due process
Proportionality
Transparency
Confidentiality
Confidentiality is critical in whistleblower programs to protect individuals from retaliation and ensure they feel safe reporting. Many laws and organizational policies guarantee that the identity of the whistleblower will not be disclosed without consent. This principle increases the likelihood of disclosures of wrongdoing.
The UK Public Interest Disclosure Act protects workers who make what type of disclosure?
Protected disclosures regarding wrongdoing to a qualified person
Anonymous leaks to the press only
Verbal reports without documentation
Informal complaints to colleagues
Under the Public Interest Disclosure Act (PIDA), workers are protected if they make a 'protected disclosure' about wrongdoing to a 'qualified person,' which may include internal supervisors or external bodies. The disclosure must be in good faith and on reasonable grounds. This framework ensures employees can safely report malpractice.
In the False Claims Act, the private individual who brings a qui tam lawsuit is known as the:
Appellant
Informant
Relator
Claimant
Under the False Claims Act, the private individual who initiates a qui tam action is known as the 'relator.' The relator brings the suit on the government's behalf and may receive a share of the recovery. This mechanism has been instrumental in uncovering and prosecuting government fraud.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Correct Whistleblower Definition -

    Pinpoint which of the following describes a whistleblower by selecting the accurate legal and practical definition in our free whistleblowing test.

  2. Differentiate Reporting Actions -

    Distinguish whistleblowing from other forms of reporting to deepen your understanding of whistleblower roles and responsibilities.

  3. Recognize Best Practices for Whistleblowing -

    Learn key steps and precautions in our whistleblower protection quiz to ensure safe and effective reporting of misconduct.

  4. Apply Corporate Transparency Principles -

    Use scenarios from the corporate transparency quiz to see how openness and accountability foster ethical workplaces.

  5. Evaluate Legal Protections -

    Assess the laws and policies that safeguard individuals who speak up, enhancing your grasp of whistleblower protection frameworks.

  6. Analyze Organizational and Ethical Impacts -

    Examine how whistleblowing influences corporate culture, ethics, and accountability in various business contexts.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Understanding the Whistleblower Definition -

    A whistleblower is an employee or insider who reports illegal, unethical, or unsafe practices to protect the public interest. This definition is widely cited by institutions like Cornell Law School's Legal Information Institute. Remember: "insider + disclosure = whistleblower."

  2. Key Protection Laws -

    Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and the Dodd-Frank Act shield whistleblowers from retaliation in corporate and financial contexts. For example, SOX Section 806 grants remedies to employees fired for reporting securities fraud. A handy mnemonic is "SOX Saves Observant X-employees."

  3. Internal vs. External Reporting Channels -

    Best practices from the U.S. Office of Special Counsel encourage using internal compliance hotlines before going external to regulators. The SAE mnemonic (See, Alert, Escalate) helps you remember each escalation step. Always check your company's code of conduct for specific procedures.

  4. Evidence Collection & Documentation -

    Maintain secure copies of emails, memos, and timestamps to build a robust case, as recommended by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). Use the "5 Ws" framework - Who, What, When, Where, Why - to organize your records clearly. Good documentation can be your strongest protection.

  5. Impact on Corporate Transparency -

    Whistleblowers play a crucial role in deterring fraud and strengthening governance; ACFE research shows a 30% drop in misconduct when companies implement strong reporting programs. The TRAP mnemonic (Truth, Report, Act, Protect) summarizes how your actions uphold integrity. Embrace whistleblower roles to boost stakeholder trust and accountability.

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