Make your own quiz Manage my Quizzes Plans / Features Guides and Help Contact Privacy & Security

Dental Research Lay Vuthy

100. Case‐control studies are always

σ� prospective

σ� retrospective

σ� cross sectional

σ� experimental

101. Which type of study can be used to describe the experience of an individual or institution in treating a disease?

σ� case‐control study

σ� crossover trial

σ� case series

σ� equivalence study

102. What is a cross-sectional design?

σ� A comparison of two or more variables longitudinally

σ� A design that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood.

σ� The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time.

σ� Research into one particular section of society, e.g. The middle classes.

103. Survey research is cross-sectional and as a result, it is

σ� Low in internal validity but high in replicability.

σ� High in internal validity but low in reliability.

σ� None of the above

σ� High in ecological validity but low in external validity.

104. What does the term 'longitudinal design' mean?

σ� A study completed far away from where the researcher lives.

σ� A study which is very long to read.

σ� A study with two contrasting cases.

σ� A study completed over a distinct period of time to map changes in social phenomena

105. Which of the following requirements for a dissertation may depend on your institution?

σ� Whether an abstract should be included

σ� The format for referencing

σ� The size of the study

σ� All of the above

106. The role of a project supervisor is to:

σ� give you a reading list.

σ� provide academic support, guidance and critical feedback on your work.

σ� negotiate access to the research setting on the student's behalf.

σ� ensure you keep to your schedule and deadlines.

107. Why is it important to have well formulated research questions?

σ� It gives greater clarity to the research process and what you wish to research.

σ� It leads to more focused research.

σ� It provides more structure to my work.

σ� All of the above.

108. Which of the following is a criterion for a good research question?

σ� Questions should be long and use complex terms

σ� Questions should show where my research biases are.

σ� Questions should sound contemporary.

σ� Questions should connect with established theory and research.

109. Which of the following should be included in a research proposal?:

σ� Your academic status and experience.

σ� The difficulties you encountered with your previous reading on the topic.

σ� Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them.

σ� All of the above.

110. Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?:

σ� Your sample frame and sampling strategy.

σ� The ethical issues that might arise.

σ� Negotiating access to the setting.

σ� All of the above.

111. What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research?:

σ� Find out exactly what your institution's requirements are for a dissertation.

σ� Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use.

σ� Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee.

σ� All of the above.

112. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?:

σ� Searching sources of information to locate problem.

σ� Survey of related literature

σ� Identification of problem

σ� Searching for solutions to the problem

113. A research paper is a brief report of research work based on:

σ� Primary Data only

σ� Secondary Data only

σ� Both Primary and Secondary Data

σ� None of the above

114. Information is…..:

σ� Raw Data

σ� Processed Data

σ� Input data

σ� Organized data

115. Conference proceedings are considered as..................documents:.

σ� Conventional

σ� Primary

σ� Secondary

σ� Tertiary

116. Controlled Group” is a term used in.............. :.

σ� Survey research

σ� Historical research

σ� Experimental research

σ� Descriptive research

117. Which of the following is not a “Graphic representation” ?:

σ� Pie Chart

σ� Bar Chart

σ� Table

σ� Histogram

118. The transmission of receiver’s reaction back to the sender is known as................. .:

σ� Noise

σ� Feedback

σ� Medium

σ� Source

119. A set of rules that govern overall data communications system is popularly known as...............:

σ� Protocol

σ� Agreement

σ� Pact

σ� Memorandum

120. Which of the following is not true about e journals ?:

σ� They are distributed through digital methods

σ� They also have editors or editorial boards

σ� They are publications of serial nature

σ� They are always free of cost

121. What does the term 'longitudinal design' mean?:

σ� A study completed far away from where the researcher lives.

σ� A study which is very long to read.

σ� A study with two contrasting cases.

σ� A study completed over a distinct period of time to map changes in social phenome

122. What is a cross-sectional design?:

σ� A comparison of two or more variables longitudinally

σ� A design that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood.

σ� The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time.

σ� Research into one particular section of society, e.g. The middle classes.

123. What is a research design?

σ� A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.

σ� The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.

σ� The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. A graph.

σ� A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.

124. Which is not an operational step of the eight step model of the research process?:

σ� Selecting a sample.

σ� Writing a research report.

σ� Conducting a survey.

σ� Formulation of a research question

125. At the start of each research project a researcher has to decide on:

σ� The journal the report will be published in

σ� What research question will be answered.

σ� How many participants to include.

σ� How many books to order from the library

126. When selecting a sample you should:

σ� Use less than 10 participants for a quantitative study.

σ� Avoid bias.

σ� Avoid costs.

σ� Always include all your friends

127. Why does a researcher write a research proposal at the start of a study?:

σ� So they will not forget what they are doing during the study.

σ� So they can advertise for people to take part in the study.

σ� To make sure they have not left any part of the study out when they are planning it.

σ� To apply for ethical approval and to gain permission to access participants or sources of data.

128. The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?

σ� Introduction

σ� Method

σ� Data analysis

σ� Discussion

129. A research plan:

σ� Should be detailed

σ� Should be given to others for review and comments

σ� Sets out the rationale for a research study

σ� All of the above

130. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies

σ� The research participants

σ� The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study

σ� The planned research procedures

σ� All are corrects

131. The Introduction section of the research plan

σ� Gives an overview of prior relevant studies

σ� Contains a statement of the purpose of the study

σ� Concludes with a statement of the research questions and, for quantitative research, it includes the research hypothesis

σ� All of the above are corrects

132. According to your text, which of the following is not a source of research ideas?

σ� Everyday life

σ� Practical issues

σ� Past research

σ� Theory

σ� All are corrects

133. What do you need to be able to provide in order for your research to pass the so what? test?

σ� Reasons why the research is important

σ� Implications of answering the research question

σ� Proof that no-one has ever conducted a similar study

σ� Reasons why the research is important and implications of answering the research

134. The final paper of a critical review of literature contains:

σ� A summary of each author's work you have read

σ� A description of the findings in each piece of research

σ� A synthesis of the analysis of the information in the reviewed papers

σ� Your analysis of each piece of literature

135. A good qualitative problem statement:

σ� Defines the independent and dependent variables

σ� Conveys a sense of emerging design

σ� Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested

σ� Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find

136. The “tool” function of theory is to:

σ� Summarize existing knowledge

σ� Summarize existing hypotheses

σ� Suggest new relationships and make new predictions

σ� Suggest new theories

137. A qualitative research question:

σ� Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored

σ� Is generally an open-ended question

σ� Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored and is generally an open-ended question

σ� None of the above

138. According to the text, which of the following orders is the recommended in the flowchart of the development of a research idea?

σ� Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question, hypothesis

σ� Research purpose, research problem and hypothesis

σ� Research topic, research purpose, research question,

σ� Research topic, hypothesis, research question

139. One step that is not included in planning a research study is:

σ� Identifying a researchable problem

σ� Developing a research plan

σ� Statement of the research question

σ� Conducting a meta-analysis of the research

140. Sources of researchable problems can include:

σ� Researchers’ own experiences as educators

σ� Practical issues that require solutions

σ� Theory and past research

σ� All of the above

141. Which of the following is a function of theory?

σ� Integrating and summarizing current knowledge

σ� Making predictions

σ� Explaining phenomena

σ� All of the above are corrects

142. The structure of a research propsoal is as follows:?

σ� Title Page, Abstract

σ� Introduction, Literature Review

σ� Research Methodology

σ� Ethical Consideration

σ� All are corrects

143. A good research proposal will always?

σ� Provide with respondents name and address.

σ� Focus on addressing the research objectives.

σ� Consider all possible research that had previously been done on the topic.

σ� Discuss all unnecessary data.

144. One step that is not included in planning a research study is:?

σ� Identifying a researchable problem.

σ� A review of current research.

σ� Statement of the research question.

σ� Developing a research plan.

145. The timing section of a project will NOT include:?

σ� Progress report dates.

σ� Guidelines on ethics.

σ� Deadline for ending data collection.

σ� Deadline for submitting the final report.

146. The research proposal’s literature review is important because?

σ� The advisor insists upon it.

σ� It looks authoritative.

σ� It shows that you are knowledgeable about the literature that relates to your research topic.

σ� It is expected by the university.

147. Which section of the research proposal describes the purpose with a full statement of the research question?

σ� Introduction.

σ� Research Methodology.

σ� Literature review.

σ� References.

148. The final research report is NOT?

σ� A basis for decision making.

σ� Tangible evidence of a research project.

σ� Future secondary data.

σ� A Research Proposal.

149. What helps to agree timings, agree resource allocation and also draws boundaries?

σ� The questionnaire.

σ� The Proposal.

σ� The final report.

σ� The interview schedule.

150. Projects do go wrong. In one case a student was indecisive and collected anything and everything, just in case it came in useful: website, photocopies, brochure etc. Which one of the following would have been realistic and would have helped the most with this problem:

σ� Setting a clear objective.

σ� Using a Chart.

σ� Regular progress report to the supervisor.

σ� Being less ambitious.

151. Which of the following phrase should be avoided in a research proposal?

σ� I hope to

σ� The intention is to complete the study by

σ� This research draws on the work of

σ� The research seeks to

152. Why do you need to review the existing literature?

σ� To make sure you have a long list of references

σ� Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count

σ� To find out what is already known about your area of interest

σ� To help in your general studying

153. To read critically means:

σ� Taking an opposing point of view to the ideas and opinions expressed

σ� Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding

σ� Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions

σ� Being negative about something before you read it

154. Which two of the following are legitimate frameworks for setting out a literature review: 1. Constructing inter-textual coherence 2. Deconstruction of textual coherence 3. Problematizing the situation 4. Resolving discovered problems?

σ� 1 and 2

σ� 2 and 3

σ� 1 and 3

σ� 2 and 4

155. A systematic literature review is:

σ� One which starts in your own library, then goes to on-line databases and, finally, to the internet

σ� A replicable, scientific and transparent process

σ� One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area

σ� A responsible, professional process of time-management for research

156. What is self-plagiarism?

σ� When a person lifts material that they have previously written and pass it off as their own work

σ� Taking about yourself too much

σ� Using somebody else's work and passing it off as your own

σ� An epistemological stance

157. What is the first stage of a systematic review?

σ� Assess the relevance of each study to the research question(s)

σ� Define the purpose and scope of the review

σ� Appraise the quality of studies from the previous step

σ� Survey all of the literature contained within a single library

158. What is a narrative literature review?

σ� An historically-based review, starting with the earliest contributions to the field

σ� A review based exclusively on stories about companies, in book and case-study form

σ� A paraphrase style of reviewing which does not require referencing

σ� An initial impression of the topic which you will understand more fully as you conduct your research

159. When accessing the internet, which of these steps is the most essential?

σ� Recording the full URL

σ� Noting the access dates

σ� Downloading material to be referenced

σ� They are all equally important

160. Which of the following statements about plagiarism is most accurate?

σ� It is so easy to "copy and paste" from the internet that everyone does it nowadays. If a proper reference is given, where is the harm in that

σ� How can we say for sure where our own ideas come from exactly, If we tried to give a reference for everything we could never hope to succeed.

σ� Any suggestion that we have written what another actually wrote is morally wrong. Anyway, the whole point of a literature review is to show what we have read and what we thought about it.

σ� Plagiarism is such an awful crime that those found guilty should be obliged to wear a scarlet "P" on their clothin

161. If you have good research skills, then when you’re doing research you should feel a bit like you are:?

σ� Solving a mystery.

σ� Designing a puzzle.

σ� Digging in the ground to retrieve something.

σ� Classifying books in a research library.

162. When you have finished researching and are writing your paper, what should be your writing persona? That is, how should you come across in your paper?

σ� As a student writing for your instructor.

σ� As an instructor writing for students.

σ� As an expert writing for other experts.

σ� As a reporter writing for the general public.

163. When you write a research paper, your goal is to:?

σ� Inform your reader.

σ� Persuade your reader.

σ� Save your reader time.

σ� Motivate your reader to learn more about the subject.

164. You begin a research paper by stating your research topic. When you state your topic, what punctuation mark should you use?

σ� A period.

σ� A colon.

σ� A semi-colon.

σ� A question mark.

165. In your paper, you must include your research question

σ� In your introduction.

σ� In your thesis statement in your introduction.

σ� In the first sentence of your introduction.

σ� In the last sentence of your introduction.

166. What should you not do in your paper’s conclusion?

σ� Summarize your paper’s main point or thesis (since it’s unnecessary).

σ� Introduce a final, strong argument to support your thesis.

σ� State why the results of your research are significant.

σ� Point out where further research on your topic is needed.

167. When you are assessing the strength of research arguments and evidence, which of the following factors should you ignore?

σ� Relevance

σ� Consensus

σ� Representativeness

σ� Sufficiency

168. A researcher must have a clear idea with regards to what it is that?

σ� s/he wants to find out about and not what

σ� s/he thinks

σ� s/he must find

σ� All are corecrs

169. If you have a specific idea about what is to be researched you should?

σ� Formulate research objectives

σ� Write a research proposal

σ� Talk to your supervisor

σ� Follow the twelve steps of selecting a research problem

170. The research problem determines?

σ� How good your research skills are

σ� The amount of support you get from your supervisor

σ� How long the report will be

σ� What methodology will be used

171. The study population is information about?

σ� Phenomenon

σ� Problem

σ� People

σ� Correct answer.

σ� Programme

172. The formulation a research problem is the most _________ part of the research journey because the quality and relevance of the project entirely depends upon it?

σ� Important

σ� Correct answer.

σ� Trivial

σ� Repetitive

σ� Motivatin

173. What helps when developing a research question?

σ� A big budget

σ� Specific guidelines in other books

σ� Knowledge of the subject area.

σ� Formulating objective

174. Developing a researchable question would not involve?

σ� Bearing in mind your technical expertise in the area of research

σ� Deciding what statistical software to use

σ� Assessing the work involved

σ� Considering the time and resources available to you

175. In academic research, at University level, a verb best avoided in the research question is:?

σ� to determine.

σ� to identify.

σ� to establish.

σ� to describe.

176. Idea generation by two or more people thinking as freely as possible is formally known as:?

σ� forced relationships.

σ� brainstorming.

σ� gap analysis.

σ� the learning curve.

σ� clap-trapping.

177. What is the difference between research questions and research objectives?

σ� No difference, they are the same.

σ� One of these is proposed by a supervisor.

σ� The question is worded by the researcher, the objective is not.

σ� The wording of one is likely to be more specific than the other.

178. Circle the most appropriate explanation on “Prevalence rate”:

σ� the number of patients who have the disease at a particular time, divided by the population at risk of having the disease at that time.

σ� the number of new cases of a diseased in a population over a period of time.

σ� not useful for developing HIV/AIDS control programme.

σ� useful for developing Avian flu control programme.

σ� not useful for any disease control programme.

179. Circle type of the study design below indicated. An investigator takes a sample of healthy individuals, record their ongoing solar exposure, and relate that to the subsequent occurrence of skin cancer in the same group.:

σ� Case-control study

σ� Ecological study

σ� Cohort study

σ� Cross-sectional study

180. Which of the following is an advantage of a case-control study?:

σ� There is little or no bias in assessment of exposure.

σ� Multiple disease outcomes following a selected exposure can be readily studied.

σ� It is possible to determine the true incidence of the disease.

σ� It may be used to study etiology of a rare disease.

181. What is the meaning of cohort study?:

σ� Type of medical research used to investigate the causes of disease

σ� To establish links between risk factors and health outcomes.

σ� These types of studies look at groups of people

σ� All are corrects

182. What are focus areas of nutritional epidemiology?:

σ� The role of nutritional factors in causing disease in a population.

σ� How changes in food intake in the population can promote good health.

σ� The role of nutritional factors in causing disease in a population and how changes in food intake in the population can promote good health.

σ� All are corrects.

183. In an epidemiological context, what is the population at risk?:

σ� The proportion of a population that engage in risky behaviours.

σ� The group of people that may experience the outcome we want to study.

σ� A group of people participating in a study that may be harmful to them.

σ� The population group with the highest relative risk of disease.

184. In which one of the following circumstances will the prevalence of a disease in the population increase, all else being constant?:

σ� If the incidence rate of the disease falls.

σ� If survival time with the disease increases.

σ� If recovery of the disease is faster.

σ� If the population in which the disease is measured increases.

185. A community assesses a random sample of its residents by telephone questionnaire. Obesity is strongly associated with diagnosed diabetes. This study design is best described as which one of the following:

σ� Case-control

σ� Cohort

σ� Cross-sectional

σ� Experimental

186. A published study follows a large group of women with untreated dysplasia of the uterine cervix, documenting the number who improve, stay unchanged, or progress into cervical cancer. This study design is best described as which one of the following:

σ� Analytic, experimental

σ� Analytic, observational, cohort

σ� Analytic, observational, case/control

σ� Descriptive, observational

187. You may remember that three years ago there was a multistate outbreak of illnesses caused by a specific and unusual strain of Listeria monocytogenes. As part of the investigation of this outbreak, CDC workers checked the food histories of 20 patients infected with the outbreak strain and compared them with the food histories of 20 patients infected with other Listeria strains. This study design is best described as which one of the following:

σ� Analytical, experimental

σ� Analytical, observational, case-control

σ� Analytical, observational, cohort

σ� Descriptive

188. A research design has the following components:

σ� The study’s questions and the criteria for interpreting findings

σ� The study’s propositions

σ� The study’s units of analysis

σ� The logic linking the data to the propositions

σ� All are corrects

189. The first stage is to decide whether case studies can be useful for a specific kind of investigation. Which one of the following are factors that determine the best research methodology:

σ� The types of questions to be answered

σ� The extent of control over behavioural events

σ� The degree of focus on contemporary as opposed to historical events.

σ� All are corrects

190. In general, there are no cookbook procedures that have been agreed for the analysis of case study results, but good case study analysis adheres to the following principles:

σ� The analysis makes use of all of the relevant evidence

σ� The analysis considers all of the major rival interpretations, and explores each of them in turn

σ� The analysis should address the most significant aspect of the casestudy

σ� The analysis should draw on the researchers prior expert knowledge in the area of the case study, but in an unbiased and objective manner

σ� All are corrects

191. A case series are:

σ� Descriptive study that follows a group of patients who have a similar diagnosis

σ� Who are undergoing the same procedure over a certain period of time.

σ� Such as patients who have received a similar treatment

σ� All are corrects

192. What is an example of a case series is?:

σ� Group of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment.

σ� Case reports and case series usually contain demographic information about the patient(s),

σ� Descript age, gender, ethnic origin.

σ� All are corrects

193. A case report is:

σ� Detailed report of the diagnosis,

σ� Treatment, response to treatment,

σ� Follow-up after treatment of an individual patient

σ� All are corrects

194. Develop A Research Topic:

σ� Generate Topic Ideas. Select a topic that interests you. ...

σ� How do you decide what interests you

σ� Ask questions about your topic: ...

σ� Define Your Topic. and Focus your Research Topic: ...

σ� All are corrects

195. Background and rationale, You should include:

σ� the background and issues of your proposed research

σ� identify your discipline

σ� short literature review

σ� summary of key debates and developments in the field

σ� All are corrects

{"name":"Dental Research Lay Vuthy", "url":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/QPREVIEW","txt":"100. Case‐control studies are always, 101. Which type of study can be used to describe the experience of an individual or institution in treating a disease?","img":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/3012/images/ogquiz.png"}