ENVS 1350
Particles and large molecules that might otherwise be restricted from crossing a plasma membrane can be brought into a cell by the process of:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Absorption
Endocytosis
Smaller particles in the range of one micrometer or less in the respiratory system reach the alveoli where all of the following may happen EXCEPT:
Engulfed by the macrophages
Moved up the respiratory tree in a mucous sheet
Coughed up
Lodge in the interstitial tissues of the lung
Enter lymphatic spaces & lymph glands/ carried to the bloodstream
The skin helps to do all of the following EXCEPT:
Absorb nutrients essential to the growth of the organism
Regulate body temperature through sweat glands
Give physical barrier to dehydration, microbial invasion
Serve as a sensory organ for touch, temperature, pressure & pain
Provide some important components of immunity
The inner layer of the small intestine or mucosa consists of a velvety layer of finger-like projections of 0.5 to 1.0 mm long called:
Villi
Dermal Papillae
Sebaceous glands
Parotid glands
Ileum
What following statement is true about enzymes?
They are simple unidimensional proteins
Most are not highly specific and selective
They have the ability to catalyze metabolic activities in the body without undergoing change themselves.
They never require a protein and non-protein component to become active.
They do not move on after reactions have occurred, but rather wither away and die.
The most current environmental exposures to lead in the U.S. Are from:
Lead paint in older homes
Food
Contaminated water
Soil
Dust from clothing contaminated in the workplace
Exposure to asbestos is primarily achieved through:
Skin absorption
Droplet transmission
Inhalation of tiny fibers suspended in the air
Ingestion
Indirect contact
The immune system responds to agents, cells, or substances that are foreign or non-self, collectively called:
Antibodies
Macrophages
T-cells
PPD
Antigens
Mass poisoning from mercury has occurred from ingesting:
Contaminated fish
Contaminated birds
Contaminated red meat
Dental amalgams
Contaminated water from the ocean
Many people have pointed to endocrine disrupters as the cause of a number of emerging human ailments including all of the following EXCEPT:
Reduced sperm counts
Precocious puberty
Increase in non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Increase in pancreatic cancer
Testicular cancer
An example of a disease that may be mechanically transmitted by a fly is __________.
Amoebic dysentery
Chlamydia
Schistomiasis
HIV
Based on data from the American Association of Poison Control centers, ___________ children a year are involved in poisonings in the home from household pesticides.
400
2500
18,000
74,000
In the middle to late 1800s __________ (Paris Green) and lead arsenate (Bordeaux mixture) were introduced as fungicides and pesticides
Copper arsenate compounds
Mercury amalgam
Nickel oxide
Platinum arsenide
The application of pesticides upsets ecological relationships by killing off predatory and competitive species which often permit the original target pests to grow dramatically to even greater numbers when the pesticides are diminished. This process is known as _________.
Organic farming technique
Pest reversal phenomena
Target pest resurgence
Secondary pest outbreak
The ________ is a biological vector responsible for the transmission of malaria.
Male Anophelene mosquito
Female Anophelene mosquito
Male flea
Female flea
Unwanted or undesirable plants and animals. May be referred to as ___________.
Trichomonas
Cilias
Pests
Dracons
Which of the following is involved in the majority of important human vector-borne diseases?
Rodents
Rats
Crustaceans
Insects
Which of the following is a vector of the Hanta virus?
Norway rat
House mouse
Roof rat
Deer mouse
Which of the following is a major reason why we are so concerned with rodents as pests?
They are spreading tapeworm
We want to domesticate them into pets
We want to use them for food production purposes
They produce crop damage throughout the world
Which of the following animals is most likely to develop a condition known as the mange?
Birds
Deer
Dogs
Elephants
Worldwide, _______ children under the age of five suffer from diarrhea.
1.5 billion
1.5 million
15 billion
15 million
150 million
In Minamata Bay, Japan, over 1,200 cases of poisoning happened because of the consumption of fish contaminated with:
Methyl mercury
Inorganic lead
Radionuclides
Cadmium
Pesticides
An adult tapeworm can grow up to ____ meters in length, and live in your intestine for _____ years
15, 30
7, 30
15, 1
2, 50
100, 5
Which of the following exposures may cause an emotional or psychological disorder?
Acute exposure to toluene
Chronic exposure to mercury
Acute exposure to graphite
Chronic exposure to fluoride
None of the above
In the United States, is a protozoan flagellate most common among those who travel to endemic areas, in homosexuals, and in child day care settings where constant diaper changing facilitates the spread from one child to another.
Amebiasis
Giardia
Cryptosporidiosis
Hepatitis
Cholera
Bacteria are the single-celled organisms which are responsible for more than ______ % of foodborne illness.
10%
50%
80%
98%
Less than 1%
The growth of a(n)_________ occurs only where levels of oxygen are essentially absent.
Obligate aerobe
Facultative Anaerobe
Obligate anaerobe
Microaerophilic
None of the above
E. coli O157:H7 is especially dangerous because it can be accompanied by hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is the primary cause of ___________ failure in children.
Liver
Kidney
Heart
Stomach
Spleen
Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)?
Anti-corrosive
Highly unstable
Does NOT degrade easily
Resistant to heat
Toxic to aquatic life
Chemicals can enter food from ___________.
Packaging materials
Agricultural applications of pesticides and fertilizers
Adding preservatives or coloring to foods
The release of industrial chemicals into the environment
All of the above
Which of the following is/are true?
Some fish have lungs
Some mammals have gills
Some birds have gills
Some plants have gills
Some plants have lungs
The little sacs in your lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged are called
Algonquians
Alveoli
Villi
Microvilli
Rugae
In what part of the heart is the musculature most powerful?
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Left atrium
None of the above; musculature is uniform throughout the heart
Which is the appropriate sequence of blood moving through your body?
Left ventricle - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - vena cava – right auricle - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left auricle
Left ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - right auricle - right ventricle aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - vena cava - left auricle
Left auricle - pulmonary vein - lungs - pulmonary artery - right ventricle - right auricle vena cava - veins - venules - capillaries - arterioles - arteries - aorta - left ventricle
Left ventricle - right ventricle - lungs - right auricle - left auricle - arteries – veins arterioles - venules - pulmonary artery - pulmonary vein - capillaries
Right ventricle - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - vena cava – left auricle - left ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - right auricle
According to Hank Green, the secret to successful digestion is maximizing surface area. We do this by (mark all that are correct)
Chewing our food
Eating mostly meat
Having small intestines with folds, fibers, and fibers on the fibers on the inside surface
Eating mostly plants
Swallowing the largest chunks of food we can get down our throAts without choking
Where in your digestive tract are most of the nutrients (and toxins) absorbed into your bloodstream?
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Which part of your digestive system is the longest?
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Which part of your digestive system has the greatest surface area?
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
The kidneys perform which of the following functions? (choose all that are correct)
Maintain blood pressure
Maintain an appropriate level of water in the body
Maintain an appropriate level of dissolved materials in the body
Maintain an appropriate level of bile in the liver
Regulate the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
What important thing(s) does the Loop of Henle in the kidney do? (choose all that are correct)
Extracts most of the water we need from the filtrate as it travels down to the medulla
Pumps out the salts that we want to keep on its way back up to the cortex
Creates a concentration gradient that allows the medulla to draw out more water from the filtrate
Produces bile to help emulsify fats during digestion
Converts poisonous urea into harmless ammonia
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