CofO/DMG Practice Spotter (Y2 2012/2013)
CofO/DMG Practice Spotter Quiz
Test your knowledge and understanding of key medical concepts with our comprehensive CofO/DMG Practice Spotter Quiz. Designed for those interested in medical diagnostics, this quiz challenges you with 80 multiple-choice questions covering various aspects of pulmonary and cardiovascular health.
- Wide range of topics
- Ideal for students and professionals
- Detailed explanations for correct answers
A 57 year old male smoker who is very short of breath presents with tachypnea and wheeze. He has a raised JVP and systemic oedema. Using the XRay, what is the most likely diagnosis?
COPD
Carcinoma of the lungs
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary oedema
Congestive heart failure
Name the structure labelled.
Hemiazygos vein
Pulmonary vein
Azygos vein
Segmental bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Pulmonary artery
Identify A.
Bronchus intermedius
Superior lobar bronchus
Inferior lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchus
Middle lobar bronchus
Name structure A.
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
Patent foramen ovale
This is a superior view of a diaphragm dissection. At what vertebral level does the structure labelled A pass through the diaphragm?
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
L1
Identify A.
Anterior mediastinal artery
Posterior sternal artery
Internal thoracic artery
Anterior costal artery
Anterior thoracic artery
Name structure A.
Internal intercostal muscle
External oblique muscle
Innermost muscle
Internal oblique muscle
External intercostal muscle
This is a protection of the mediastinum (left lateral view). Identify structure A.
Brachiocephalic vein
Left subclavian artery
Left common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Superior vena cava
Following surgery, a 35 year old male presents with reduced breath sounds on the right. His right chest is hyperresonant with reduced tactile fremitus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary embolism
Pleural effusion
Lobar pneumonia
Pneumothorax
The photomicrograph shows a histopathology specimen of lung at autopsy. 'B' indicates a bronchiole. The appearance of this specimen is consistent with...
Tuberculous bronchopneumonia
Asthma
Bronchial carcinoma
Lobar pneumonia
Emphysema
A man was diagnosed with a lung lesion on x-ray which was subsequently removed at surgery. This photomicrograph shows histopathology of the lesion. From what type of cells does the lesion appear to originate?
Glandular epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Smooth muscle
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
This blood film is from a 21 year-old man who presented with a sore throat and fatigue. He had swollen lymph nodes in the neck and a fever. The leucocytes in the blood film are...
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Basophils
Lymphocytes
A 70 year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia presented to his doctor with increased breathlessness on exertion. His wife had noticed his conjunctiva had appeared yellow and he mentioned his urine was darker than normal. Blood count: Hb 7 g/dl (Normal 13.5 – 17.5) and MCV 96 fL (Normal 80 – 96). Reticulocytes 20% (Normal 0.5-2.5) WBC 70 x 109/l (Normal 4.0 – 11.0), Neutrophils 1.8 x 109/l (Normal 2 - 7.5) Lymphocytes 68.2 x 109/l (Normal 1.5 - 4) Platelets 120 x 109/l (Normal 150 - 400) His blood film is shown below. What is the most likely reason for the patient's presentation?
Anaemia of chronic disease
Bone marrow failure
Folate deficiency
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Iron deficiency
Given the blood film below, choose the best diagnosis for this patient.
Acute granulocytic (myeloid) leukaemia
Chronic granulocytic (myeloid) leukaemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
This image shows a 'fatty streak' in a coronary artery. What is indicated by the arrows?
Endothelium
Internal elastic lamina
External elastic lamina
Smooth muscle
Fibrous cap
Identify A.
Left anterior descending artery
Right marginal branch of the right coronary artery
Left marginal branch of the circumflex artery
Posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery
Posterior interventricular branch of the circumflex artery
Identify the structure labelled.
Papillary muscle
Tricuspid valve
Trabeculae crane
Cordae tendinae
Bicuspid valve
Pectinate muscle
A 59 year old male is diagnosed with angina. A coronary angiogram reveals severe blockage in the circumflex coronary artery. Which areas of the heart would most likely be ischaemic in this individual?
Right ventricle and apex of the heart
Left atrium and left ventricle
Posterior 1/3 interventricular septum and posterior left and right ventricles
Anterior 2/3 interventricular septum and anterior left and right ventricles
Right atrium and right ventricle, SA and AV nodes
Coronary artery. The arrow indicates...
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Myocardium
Tunica adventitia
Endocardium
The central structure in this low magnification photomicrograph is a/an...
Bronchus
Alveolus
Trachea
Oesophagus
Bronchiole
A 24 year old man in South Africa presented with a 6 week history of flitting joint pains, fever and tachycardia. Over the next few weeks he developed congestive cardiac failure and despite treatment, he died. What is indicated by the arrows in this autopsy specimen of his heart?
Endocarditis
Pancarditis
Pericarditis
Metaplastic response
Myocarditis
A 15 year old boy is admitted to hospital with severe dyspnea. On examination, a loud pan systolic murmur is noted and he is sent for echocardiography, which shows a defect and biventricular hypertrophy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
A man developed flitting joint pains, fever and pancarditis 5 weeks after a pharyngeal Streptococcus Group A infection. He died of cardiac complications. The photomicrograph shows a characteristic lesion found in his heart. This lesion is a/an...
Gohn focus
Regenerative nodule
Aschoff body
Rheumatoid nodule
Lymphoid follicle
Of the answers below, what interpretation best fits this patient's blood count and film results?
Neutropenia and lymphopenia
Neutrophilia (neutrophil leucocytosis) and lymphocytosis
Neutrophilia (neutrophil leucocytosis)
Neutropenia and lymphocytosis
Lymphocytosis
Neutrophilia (neutrophil leucocytosis) and lymphopenia
Neutropenia
The tip of the pacemaker wire is lying in which structure?
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Identify the areas indicated on the normal chest film. (A)
Trachea
Costophrenic recess
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Aortic arch
Cardiophrenic recess
Identify the areas indicated on the normal chest film. (B)
Trachea
Costophrenic recess
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Aortic arch
Cardiophrenic recess
Identify the areas indicated on the normal chest film. (C)
Trachea
Costophrenic recess
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Aortic arch
Cardiophrenic recess
Identify the areas indicated on the normal chest film. (D)
Trachea
Costophrenic recess
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Aortic arch
Cardiophrenic recess
Identify the areas indicated on the normal chest film. (E)
Trachea
Costophrenic recess
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Aortic arch
Cardiophrenic recess
Identify the areas indicated on the normal chest film. (F)
Trachea
Costophrenic recess
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Aortic arch
Cardiophrenic recess
The region labelled A is...
Consolidated lung (bronchial pneumonia pattern)
Lung showing variegated tumour
Normal lung
Lung showing diffuse neoplastic infiltration
Consolidated lung (lobar pneumonia pattern)
What is the name of structure A?
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Pulmonary artery
In this high power view of a lung lesion from a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis, what type of cells are the majority of the ones indicated by the arrow?
Eosinophils
Macrophages
Smooth muscle cells
Neutrophils
Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes
A 64 year-old woman presented with tiredness and left-sided abdominal discomfort. On examination she had an enlarged liver and massive splenomegaly. Her blood count indicated that she had a normocytic anaemia. Reticulocytes 3% (Normal 0.5-2.5) WBC 15.9 x 109/L (normal 4.0 - 11.0) Her blood film is shown below: What is the cell indicated by the arrow?
Erythroblast
Target cell
Granulocyte precursor
Reticulocyte
Lymphocyte
The photomicrographs show 4 different stages of myocardial infarct repair. Collagen is stained blue. Put the stages shown in order from earliest stage to most advanced stage.
B, C, A, D
D, C, A, B
D, A, B, C
A, C, D, B
C, D, A, B
This is a CT of a patient with pneumonia. The consolidation at A is in which lobe?
Right posterior lobe
Right inferior lobe
Left posterior lobe
Left inferior lobe
Right superior lobe
Identify structure A on this protection of the posterior thoracic wall.
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic trunk
Phrenic nerve
Splanchnic nerve
Identify the structure indicated.
Aorta
Oesophagus
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Inferior vena cava
A 43y old alcoholic with portal hypertension presented with profuse rectal bleeding from anal varices. Where does the superior rectal vein normally drain into?
Inferior mesenteric vein
Internal iliac veins
Internal pudendal veins
External iliac veins
Superior mesenteric vein
The structure indicated is formed by the anastomosis of which veins in most people?
Cystic and superior mesenteric vein
Splenic and gastric vein
Superior and inferior mesenteric vein
Splenic and superior mesenteric vein
Renal and inferior mesenteric vein
Splenic and inferior mesenteric vein
The structure indicated by the arrow is...
The central vein
The hepatic artery
The portal vein
The portal tract
The bile duct
Identify the labelled vessels on this abdominal arteriogram. (A)
Pancreatoduodenal artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Identify the labelled vessels on this abdominal arteriogram. (B)
Pancreatoduodenal artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Identify the labelled vessels on this abdominal arteriogram. (C)
Pancreatoduodenal artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Identify the labelled vessels on this abdominal arteriogram. (D)
Pancreatoduodenal artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
At which vertebral level is this CT of the kidneys most likely taken?
T12-L1
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L4
L4-L5
The arrow indicates...
Endothelial cells
Bowman's capsule visceral cell layer
Mesangial cells
Mesothelial cells
Bowman's capsule parietal layer
Identify vessel A in the superior mesenteric angiogram.
Marginal artery
Middle colic artery
Appendicular artery
Ileocolic artery
Right colic artery
Name structure A.
Subcostal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Kidney golmerulus. The arrow indicates the...
Mesangial cell
Endothelium
Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
Basement membrane
The adrenal gland has several different functional areas. Name the part of the adrenal gland indicate by the double headed arrow. Note: The innermost aspect of the adrenal gland in this image is to the upper left.
Zona fasciculata
Zona capsularis
Zona reticularis
Zona glomerulosa
Medulla
The inferior part of the process indicated is supplied by which artery?
Gastroduodenal artery
Inferior pancreatoduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Superior pancreatoduodenal artery
Right gastric artery
Left gastric artery
Thyroid gland - Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The arrow indicates...
Lymphocytes
Parafollicular cells
Necrosis
Fibrosis
Follicular cells
Which of the following structures is indicated by arrow A?
Renal pelvis
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal vein
Segmental artery
Renal artery
Renal pyramid
The photomicrograph shows a metastatic tumour in the liver. The majority of the cells indicated by the arrows are...
Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes
Colonic epithelial cells
Eosinophils
Hepatocytes
Identify the muscle indicated.
Sternocleidomastoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
At which site along the ureter on this IVU is a renal stone most likely to obstruct?
A
B
C
D
E
This is a photomicrograph from a biopsy of a liver lesion. This lesion originated from...
Ductal epithelium
Hepatocytes
Kupffer cells
Stellate cells
Squamous cells
Identify A on this protection of the visceral surface of the liver.
Inferior vena cava
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic vein
Left hepatic vein
This specimen has hallmarks consistent with a diagnosis of...
Grave's disease
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Hypopituitarism
Iodine deficiency
Adenocarcinoma
What structures are found in the free border of the lesser omentum and enter/leave the liver at the porta hepatis?
Bile duct, hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein
Bile duct, hepatic artery proper, inferior vena cava
Bile duct, hepatic portal vein, right hepatic artery
Cystic duct, hepatic portal vein, left hepatic artery
Cystic duct, inferior vena cava, left hepatic artery
The photomicrograph shows the renal medulla. What are the structures indicated by X?
Proximal convoluted tubules
Vasa recta
Collecting ducts
Thin limbs of the loop of Henle
Thich limbs of the loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubules
A child presented with nephrotic syndrome. Electron microscopy of a renal biopsy showed characteristic findings (arrow) allowing diagnosis of...
Minimal change glomerulonephropathy
Crescentic glomerulonephropathy
Membranous glomerulonephropathy
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis
What nerves travel through the foramen indicated?
Optic, oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic
Optic, trochlear, abducens, mandibular
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, ophthalmic
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, mandibular
Oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, mandibular
This is a protection with some of the dura removed from the middle cranial fossa. Identify cranial nerve A.
Trochlear nerve
Facial nerve
Abducens nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Optic nerve
Oculomotor nerve
This is from a histopathology slide of a bladder biopsy. What is the tissue indicated by the arrows?
Adipose tissue
Fibrocollagenous tissue
Hyaline cartilage
Necrotic tissue
Smooth muscle
Which structure is indicated in this protection of a male pelvis?
Spongy urethra
Pre-prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Seminal coliculus
Prostatic urethra
Vas deferens
The arrow indicates...
A well circumscribed tumour in the liver
A poorly circumscribed tumour in the liver
Normal liver
Liver infiltrated by the tumour
Cirrhotic liver
The picture shows a 'nutmeg' liver. What is the most common cause of a nutmeg liver?
Alpha anti-trypsin deficiency
Blood accumulation due to right sided heart failure
Direct trauma to the liver
Hepatitis
Iron poisoning
Blood accumulation due to left sided heart failure
Identify structures A to E on this radiograph of the biliary tree. (A)
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct
Cystic duct
Pancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Identify structures A to E on this radiograph of the biliary tree. (B)
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct
Cystic duct
Pancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Identify structures A to E on this radiograph of the biliary tree. (C)
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct
Cystic duct
Pancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Identify structures A to E on this radiograph of the biliary tree. (D)
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct
Cystic duct
Pancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Identify structures A to E on this radiograph of the biliary tree. (E)
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct
Cystic duct
Pancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Histopathological analysis of a needle biopsy of liver was conducted. The tissue at the arrow is mainly comprised of...
Degenerating hepatocytes
Inflammatory cells
Type I collagen
Normal hepatocytes
Type III collagen
This is a horseshoe kidney. What is the artery that is indicated that the kidneys have been caught under?
Renal artery
Coeliac trunk
Inferior mesenteric
Superior mesenteric
Common iliac artery
A 65-year-old man complaining of excessive tiredness was found to be hypertensive by his GP. Imaging investigations showed a nodule in the right adrenal gland. The serum and urinary catecholamine levels were normal. A right adrenalectomy was performed. The image shows the pathology specimen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Adrenocortical adenoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenomedullary phaeochromocytoma
Adrenocortical adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Identify the structure indicated.
Inferior mesenteric artery
Vas deferens
Gonadal vein
Ureter
Gonadal artery
One of the hormones secreted by the endocrine gland shown in the photomicrograph is...
Oxytocin
Somatostatin
Growth hormone
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
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