Eksamen

1. The larynx:

A. Is situated at the level of the cephalic extremity

C. Is a double-function organ

D. Is a viscera situated in the segment that connects the head to the trunk

E. Belongs to the neck viscera

2. The thoracic cavity:

B. Belongs to the trunk

D. Is separated from the abdominal cavity by a muscle called the diaphragm

The abdominal cavity:

A. Lies inside the trunk

C. Is superior to the pelvic cavity

D. Contains the internal organs

4. Select the correct answers pertaining to the cell:

A. Is the basic morphofunctional unit of all living organisms

C. Initially, it has a globular shape

E. It can exist as an isolated structure or in clusters

5. The three main components of the cell structure are:

B. Plasmalemma

C. Cytoplasm

E. Nucleus

6. The plasmalemma:

C. Separates the internal cell structures from the extracellular environment

D. Encloses the cell

E. Gives shape to the cell

7. The structure of the cell membrane: D. Forms the fluid mosaic model

A. Consists, mainly, of phospholipids and proteins

B. Through its hydrophilic core, it regulates the transmembrane passage of ions

C. In lipid structures, it has an uneven protein distribution

D. Forms the fluid mosaic model

E. Its extracellular surface carries carbohydrates with a high positive charge

8. The cytoplasm:

A. Is a colloidal system with a simple structure

B. Envelops the cell C. Has a uniform structure

D. Has a complex structure

E. Is the cell component within which most cellular activities occur

9. Organelles:

A. Represent the unstructured part of the cytoplasm

B. Represent the structured part of the cytoplasm

C. Can be found only in certain cells

D. Are of two types: common to all cells and specific

E. Are represented by the plasmalemma, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus

10. Ribosomes represent the site for the synthesis of:

A. Fatty acids

B. Lipids

C. Proteins

D. Amino acids E. Glycogen

1. The Golgi apparatus:

A. Is composed of dictyosomes

B. Is formed of flat cisternae

C. Plays a role in producing cell energy

D. Plays a role in cellular secretion processes

E. Plays a role in membrane-synthesis

12. Mitochondria are directly involved in: C. Release of cellular energy

A. Digesting substances and particles that enter the cell

B. Protein synthesis

C. Release of cellular energy

D. Excretion of certain cellular substances

E. Cellular division

13. Lysosomes:

A. Are spherical bodies

B. Are spread throughout the entire hyaloplasm

C. Play an important role in the phagocytic cells

D. Are the site of oxidative phosphorylation

E. Are absent from the neuron

14. Myofibrils:

A. Are specific organelles

B. Are non-contractile elements

C. Are contractile elements

D. Are involved in energy production

E. Are located in the cell membrane

15. The nucleus:

A. Consists of cytoplasm and nuclear membrane

B. Consists of karyoplasm and cell membrane

C. Is enclosed by a triple membrane

D. Does not contain RNA

E. None of the above

16. Erythrocytes:

A. Lack a cell nucleus

B. Have a cell nucleus

C. Contain haemoglobin

D. Have a functional lifespan of 120 days

E. Participate in nutrient transportation

17. Chromosomes:

A. Are formed at the end of cellular division

B. Consist of ribosomal DNA and RNA

C. Contain histone and non-histone proteins

D. Contain small amounts of carbohydrates and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions

E. Are formed of chromatin granules

18. The cell membrane:

A. Is selectively permeable to all molecules and ions

B. Allows a bidirectional exchange of nutrients

C. Allows an ion transfer, thus producing an electric charge

D. Represents a barrier to the diffusion on unpolarised molecules

E. Allows free ion passage

19. Transmembrane transports which are not carried out via transport proteins comprise:

20. Osmosis:

A. Is the diffusion of water (solvent) in a solution

B. Involves a partially permeable membrane

C. Requires a more permeable membrane for solute molecules than for solvent molecules

D. Represents the passage of water from a compartment of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration

E. Represents the passage of water from a compartment of higher solute concentration to one of lower solute concentration

21. Active transmembrane transport:

A. Is carried out via mechanisms that use transport proteins

B. Ensures the movement of molecules and ions in the same direction as the concentration gradient

C. Consumes energy

D. May be primary and secondary (cotransport)

E. Ensures the transmembrane transport of ethanol and urea

24. Each cell synthesizes: D

A. Characteristic protein and lipid substances

B. Substances needed to repair its own structures

C. Substances it secretes into its internal environment

. Substances with a metabolic or regulator role

E. Substances necessary for growth and multiplication

25. Tissues:

A. Are organised systems of living matter

B. Are made up of different cells

C. Consist of cells held together by a “cementing substance”

D. Consist of cells held together by a “fundamental substance”

E. Consist of cells carrying out the same function or group of functions in the body

26.The epithelial tissue:

A. Is a reticular, glandular and sensory protective tissue

B. Consists of cells with dictyosomes ((connective organelles)

C. Forms the epidermis

D. Forms the tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses

E. Is a structural component of sensory organs

28. Adipocytes:

29. The bone tissue:

A. Is a variety of connective tissue

B. Is the structural component of bones

C. Is a variety of semi-dense connective tissue

D. Forms bones whose organic matrix consists of fundamental substance and collagen fibres

E. Is sub-divided into two types: Haversian and compact

30. The nervous tissue consists of:

A. Cells called neurofibrils

B. Nerve cells (neuroglia)

C. Cells called neurons, which lack mitochondriae

D. Nerve cells (neurons)

E. Cells which do not divide (neurons)

31. The nervous system has the following functions:

A. Achieves the static balance between the body and the environment

B. Regulates most body functions together with the exocrine system

C. Regulates mainly metabolic functions

D. Regulates muscle activity

E. Regulates all body functions

32. The nervous system is sub-divided into:

A. Somatic nervous system

B. Dendrites and axons

C. Neurons and glial cells

D. Autonomic nervous system

E. The body of the neuron and its prolongations

33. The central nervous system consists of:

34. The peripheral nervous system consists of:

35. The somatic nervous system regulates the activity of:

36.The Autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of:

37. Nerve centres:

A. Process the received information

B. Issue commands that are relayed to the receptors

C. Can be separated into two functional compartments

D. Have a sensory compartment

E. Have a motor compartment

39. According to their function, neurons can be classified as:

40. According to their structure (polarity), neurons can be classified as:

41. The cellular body of a neuron is delimited by:

42. The function(s) of neuron-specific organelles is(are):

45. The nervous signal is transmitted through the axon:

46. The terminal parts of an axon contain:

47. In myelinated axons:

A. Conduction velocity is 10 m/sec

B. There is a saltatory conduction

C. The action potential jumps from one Schwann cell to the next

D. The action potential is generated at the point of the nodes of Ranvier

E. Conduction is achieved due to the insulating properties of myelin

48. Dendrites are projections:

49. Through dendrites, the nervous signal is transmitted:

50. Synapses:

A. Are functional connections between a neuron and another cell

B. May be excitor and inhibitor

C. Transmit the signal in a single direction

D. May be axodendritic

E. Structurally, are divided into chemical and electrical

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