Bio chapter 4

What is the first step in CAM photosynthesis?

Plants open their stomata at any time to take in carbon dioxide

Plants open their stomata to raise internal temperatures

Plants sequester carbon dioxide in bundle-sheath cells and convert into phosphoglyceric acid

Plants open their stomata at night to take in carbon dioxide.

Plants close their stomata to raise internal temperatures.

. ATP is produced in the mitochondria by a series of biochemical reactions. In what order do these reactions occur?

Glycolysis; the Krebs cycle; the electron transport chain

The electron transport chain; glycolysis; the Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle; the electron transport chain; glycolysis

The Krebs cycle; glycolysis; the electron transport chain

Glycolysis; the electron transport chain; the Krebs cycle

Which of the following statements about fermentation is NOT correct?

Fermentation is an anaerobic process.

In fermentation, the molecules that are used as electron acceptors differ from those used when glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen.

Fermentation is a less efficient energy producer than aerobic respiration.

Fermentation utilizes the electrons generated in the glycolytic breakdown of glucose

All of the above are correct.

Why are leaves green?

Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the ultraviolet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.

Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.

Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the ultraviolet and infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.

Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.

Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the green part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Mitochondria have a "bag within a bag" structure. This is necessary to:

allow light-reactive accessory pigments to be embedded within the membranes.

Create two distinct regions with a concentration differential, a form of potential energy.

segregate the most toxic digestive enzymes from molecules of ATP and NADP.

Keep molecules of ADP close in proximity to molecules of ATP-synthase.

None of the above.

The leaves of plants can be thought of as "eating" sunlight. From an energetic perspective, this makes sense because

photons are linked together by hydrogen bonds, which release energy when striking the surface of a leaf.

Light energy, like the chemical energy released when the bonds of food molecules are broken, is a type of kinetic energy.

both light energy and food energy can be converted to kinetic energy without the loss of heat.

the carbon-oxygen bonds within a photon of light release energy when broken by the enzymes in chloroplasts.

The carbon-hydrogen bonds within a photon of light release energy when broken by the enzymes in chloroplasts.

You eat a chocolate bar to get you through a late-night studying session. Your body quickly begins to break down the macromolecules in the candy, using the sugars, lipids, and protein to make ATP. Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of breaking down the candy bar's macromolecules?

First Step: The sugars are broken down to simple glucose molecules and the proteins and lipids are broken down to acetyl-CoA molecules. No energy is produced in this first step.

Second Step: Glycolysis converts the glucose to two molecules of pyruvate. Six ATP molecules are produced in this step.

Third Step: Oxidation of each pyruvate produces two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Six ATP molecules are produced in this step.

Fourth Step: Two acetyl-CoA molecules go through the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. Twenty-four ATP molecules are produced through this process.

All of the above steps are part of the break down of the candy bar's macromolecules.

The three steps, in order, of the Calvin cycle are:

ATP production, the electron transport chain, and fixation of NADPH.

Sugar creation, regeneration, and ATP production.

. regeneration, fixation of NADP+, and sugar creation.

the splitting of water, the electron transport chain, and the passing of electrons to NADP+

fixation of CO2, sugar creation, and regeneration

Although the reactions of the Calvin cycle do not depend directly on light, they do not usually occur at night. Why?

At night, plants have a negative water balance with the soil, due to reduced evaporation.

It is usually too cold at night for these reactions to take place

The Calvin cycle depends on products of the light reactions that cannot occur at night.

Plants must open their stomata to restore their water balance each night

Carbon dioxide concentrations decrease at night.

The conversion of radiant energy to chemical energy occurs in photosynthesis and many other common phenomena, such as brewing tea, fading of dyes in the sun, and photography. In what way is photosynthesis different from these other processes?

Photosynthesis relies on both radiant energy and air molecules

Photosynthesis needs no other chemical compounds besides light and water.

Photosynthesis fixes light energy in the form of low potential chemical energy in compounds that do not break down spontaneously and that can be stored until required later for the carrying out of life processes

Photosynthesis fixes chemical energy in the form of potential light energy in compounds that do not break down spontaneously and that can be stored until required later for the carrying out of life processes.

Photosynthesis fixes light energy in the form of high potential chemical energy in compounds that do not break down spontaneously and that can be stored until required later for the carrying out of life processes.

C4 plants have better water conservation abilities than do many other plants (especially C3). This is because:

C4 plants have no leaves; they use their stems for photosynthesis

C4 plants open their stomata at night

C4 plants have smaller stomata that are protected by hairs and pits.

C3 plants are able to keep their stomata closed during the day

C4 plants have the ability to obtain CO2 without opening their stomata.

Which of the following is FALSE?

The thylakoid membrane lies outside of the stroma.

Chloroplasts, and leaves in turn, are green because chloroplasts have chlorophyll in them.

The thylakoid is the location of the "photo" reactions in which sunlight is converted to chemical energy

Sugar is synthesized from carbon dioxide in the stroma.

Chlorophyll is found embedded in the thylakoid membranes

Potential energy is to kinetic energy as ______________ is to _____________.

Water held behind a dam; water power being used to turn electric turbines

The amount of energy in a French fry; the amount of energy in a hamburger

A stick of dynamite; a can of gasoline

Wool; sheep

A flying bird; a bird laying eggs

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans, use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which _______________ converts to ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things

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Bio chapter 4

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