Part 49 (1-140QCM)

Generate an image of a diverse group of healthcare professionals discussing obstetric care in a modern clinic setting, with a focus on pregnant women and prenatal consultations.

Comprehensive Obstetric Management Quiz

Welcome to the Comprehensive Obstetric Management Quiz, designed to challenge your knowledge in maternal-fetal medicine. This quiz consists of 140 detailed questions covering various aspects of obstetric care and complications.

Test your understanding on critical topics such as:

Pregnancy-related complications
Management strategies for common obstetric emergencies
Patient counseling in prenatal care
Safety and efficacy of medications during pregnancy

140 Questions35 MinutesCreated by CaringNurse472

A healthy 25-year-old G1P0 at 40 weeks gestational age comes to your office to see you for a routine obstetric (OB) visit. The patient complains to you that on several occasions she has experienced dizziness, light-headedness, and feeling as if she is going to pass out when she lies down on her back to take a nap. What is the most appropriate plan of management for this patient?

Reassure her that nothing is wrong with her and encourage her not to lie flat on her back

Monitor her for 24 hours with a Holter monitor to rule out an arrhythmia

Do an ECG

Do an arterial blood gas analysis

Refer her immediately to a neurologist

A 22-year-old primigravida presents to your office for a routine OB visit at 34 weeks gestational age. She voices concern because she has noticed an increasing number of spidery veins appearing on her face, upper chest, and arms. She is upset with the unsightly appearance of these veins and wants to know what you recommend to get rid of them. Which of the following is the best advice to give this patient?

Tell her that the appearance of these blood vessels is a normal occurrence with pregnancy

Tell her that this is a condition which requires evaluation by a vascular surgeon .

Recommend that she wear an abdominal support

Tell her that you are concerned that she may have serious liver disease and order liver function tests

Refer her to a dermatologist for further workup and evaluation .

A 32-year-old G2P1001 at 20 weeks gestational age presents to the emergency room complaining of constipation and abdominal pain for the past 24 hours. The patient also admits to bouts of nausea and emesis since eating a very spicy meal at a new Thai restaurant the evening before. She denies a history of any medical problems. During her last pregnancy, the patient underwent an elective cesarean section at term to deliver a fetus in the breech presentation. The emergency room doctor who examines her pages you and reports that the patient has a low-grade fever of 37.7C (100F), with a normal pulse and blood pressure. She is minimally tender to deep palpation with hypoactive bowel sounds. She has no rebound tenderness. The patient has a WBC of 13,000, and electrolytes are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

The patient should be sent to radiology for an upright abdominal x-ray

The patient should be reassured that her symptoms are a result of the spicy meal consumed the evening before and should be given Pepto-Bismol to alleviate the symptoms

The history and physical examination are consistent with constipation, which is commonly associated with pregnancy; the patient should be discharged with reassurance and instructions to give herself a soapsuds enema and follow a high-fiber diet with laxative use as needed

The patient should be prepped for the operating room immediately to have an emergent appendectomy

Intravenous antiemetics should be ordered to treat the patient’s hyperemesis gravidarum

A healthy 34-year-old G1P0 patient comes to see you in your office for a routine OB visit at 12 weeks gestational age. She tells you that she has stopped taking her prenatal vitamins with iron supplements because they make her sick and she has trouble remembering to take a pill every day. A review of her prenatal labs reveals that her hematocrit is 39%. Which of the following statements is the best way to counsel this patient?

Tell the patient that she needs to take the iron supplements even though she is not anemic in order to meet the demands of pregnancy

Tell the patient that she needs to start retaking her iron supplements when her hemoglobin falls below 11g/dL

Tell the patient that if she fails to take her iron supplements, her fetus will be anemic

Tell the patient that if she consumes a diet rich in iron, she does not need to take any iron supplements

Tell the patient that she does not need to take her iron supplements because her prenatal labs indicate that she is not anemic and therefore she will not absorb the iron supplied in prenatal vitamins

A 14-year-old G1P0 girl who is 29 weeks’ pregnant with twins presents to the emergency department following a seizure. She was watching television and stood up to go to the bathroom when she “fell down and started shaking.” The patient has no history of seizures and is otherwise healthy. She missed her last obstetrician’s appointment, and her aunt states that her niece has had a lot of headaches and swelling over the past 2 days. On examination the patient is somnolent and difficult to arouse, and has edema of her hands and face. Her blood pressure is 205/120 mm Hg, pulse is 80/ min, and respiratory rate is 16/min. The fetal heart rate is 130/min. Which of the following is the most correct advice for the patient’s aunt?

. “Your niece has a life-threatening condition called eclampsia, and the baby needs to be delivered as soon as possible”

. “Your niece has a life-threatening condition called eclampsia, but this can be managed with anti-seizure medications until the baby can be delivered at term”

. “Your niece has a life-threatening condition called preeclampsia, and needs to be put on strict bed rest and monitored until the baby can be delivered at term”

. “Your niece has a life-threatening condition called preeclampsia, and the baby needs to be delivered as soon as possible”

. “Your niece has a life-threatening condition called eclampsia, and needs to be put on strict bed rest and monitored until the baby can be delivered at term”

A 19-year-old woman at 32 weeks’ gestation was the driver in a front-end motor vehicle crash. The air bags did not inflate, and the patient sustained blunt trauma to the abdomen. The patient is taken to a nearby emergency department in stable condition, where she notes a small amount of bright red blood on her underwear. Maternal vital signs are significant for a heart rate of 110/min and blood pressure of 110/55 mm Hg. What is most appropriate next step in management?

External fetal heart rate and uterine monitoring

Immediate vaginal delivery

Immediate cesarean delivery

Disseminated intravascular coagulation panel

Administration of Rh0(D) immune globulin

A 19-year-old G1P0 woman presents to the emergency department in active labor and delivers a full-term male infant. The infant appears healthy with the exception of jaundice (bilirubin 10 mg/dL [>95th percentile]). The mother does not speak English, but a cousin who does states that he has seen the mother taking pills prescribed by her doctor, although he does not know the reason she was taking medication. Based on the newborn’s jaundice, which drug was the mother most likely taking?

A 30-year-old obese G3P2 woman is in active labor at 41 weeks’ gestation. She has no significant past medical history, and had an uncomplicated pregnancy with appropriate prenatal evaluation. The patient ruptured membranes spontaneously 30 minutes ago. Contractions occur regularly every 2–3 minutes. Early decelerations are noted on the fetal heart rate monitor with each of the past five contractions. Which is the most appropriate next step in management?

No further management is required

Prepare for emergent cesarean delivery

Start an amnioinfusion of saline

Place a fetal scalp probe

Change the maternal position

A 25-year-old G2P1 woman who is 36 weeks pregnant presents to her obstetrician complaining of restlessness and weakness for the past month. She says her boyfriend recently left her and their 2-year-old son, and she feels overwhelmed with this pregnancy. She denies feeling depressed but does report that she has trouble sleeping. She had an upper respiratory infection last month, “caught from my son,” and states she still has a sore throat. Laboratory tests show:

WBC count: 8000/mm3;

Hemoglobin: 11.0 g/dL;

Hematocrit: 40%,

Platelet count: 250,000/mm3;

Thyroid-stimulating hormone: 0.5μU/mL;

Free thyroxine: 4.0 ng/dL.

Which of the following is the best next step in management?

Start propylthiouracil therapy

Measure postpartum thyroid hormone levels

Perform partial thyroidectomy

Start levothyroxine therapy

Start radioiodine therapy

A 36-year-old G1P0 woman pregnant with twins presents to her obstetrician for her routine 32-week appointment. She has gained 5.4kg (12-lb) in the past 2 weeks. When questioned about her weight gain, she states she has had headaches and some blurred vision for the past 2 weeks, which she thinks is secondary to dehydration. To circumvent this, she has been drinking a lot of water, which she claims “is making me swell, even my hands.” She also has had some epigastric pain for the past 2 weeks, which she attributes to “all the water I’ve been drinking.” Her blood pressure is 142/90 mm Hg, pulse is 105/min, and respiratory rate is 18/min. Urinalysis reveals 1+ glycosuria and 4+ proteinuria. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

A 23-year-old woman develops painful vulvar vesicles that contain intranuclear inclusions on cytologic examination. She is 22 weeks’ pregnant. Which of the following statements about genital herpes is correct?

Acyclovir should be prescribed from 36 gestational weeks until after delivery in women with primary herpes anytime during pregnancy

An active genital herpetic lesion any time after 20 weeks’ gestation requires a cesarean section

Herpes cultures from the cervix should be obtained weekly beginning at 36 weeks’ gestation

Intrauterine infection with herpes is common after 20 weeks in women with primary herpes

Pitocin induction of labor should be started within 4 hours after ruptured amniotic membranes in a woman at term with active genital herpes

A 63-year-old woman has a 3-cm pruritic lesion on her right labia majora that she has noted for approximately 9 months. She has been treated with various topical creams and ointments for vulvar candidiasis without resolution of her symptoms or lesion. When you examine this woman, the lesion is still present. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?

A 35-year-old G3P3 woman has been experiencing bilateral breast pain for the past year. Breast examination and mammography are normal. Conservative measures have failed. Which of the following medications is most likely to bring relief?

In the evaluation of a 26-year-old patient with 4 months of secondary amenorrhea, you order serum prolactin and β-hCG assays. The β-hCG test is positive, and the prolactin level is 100 ng/mL (normal is <25 ng/mL in nonpregnant women in this assay). This patient requires which of the following?

Routine obstetric care

Repeat measurements of serum prolactin to ensure that values do not increase more than 300ng/mL

Computed tomography (CT) scan of her sella turcica to rule out pituitary adenoma

Bromocriptine to suppress prolactin

Evaluation for possible hypothyroidism

A 23-year-old married woman consults you because she and her husband have never consummated their marriage because she has severe pain with attempts at vaginal penetration. Her pelvic examination is normal except for involuntary tightening of her vaginal muscles when you attempt to insert a speculum. Which of the following conditions would best be treated with the use of vaginal dilators?

A 32-year-old Hispanic woman presents to the emergency department complaining of heavy vaginal bleeding. Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 18/min. Her abdomen is soft, non-tender and non-distended. Her pelvic examination reveals approximately 200 mL of clotted blood in the vagina, an open cervical os with tissue protruding from it, and a 10-week-sized, non-tender uterus. Leukocyte count is 9000/mm3, hematocrit is 22%, and platelet count is 275,000/mm3. Quantitative hCG is 100,000mIU/L (normal: 5-200,000mIU/L). Pelvic ultrasound shows echogenic material within the uterine cavity consistent with blood or tissue, no adnexal masses, and no free fluid. No viable pregnancy is seen. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 25-year-old Caucasian woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 26 weeks' gestational age presents to her physician's office complaining of spotting from the vagina. She has no contractions and reports normal fetal movement. She denies any history of a bleeding disorder. Her temperature is 37.3 C (99.1 F), blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, pulse is 75/min, and respirations are 14/min. Her abdomen is gravid and benign, with a fundal height of 26 cm. A placenta previa is ruled out by ultrasound examination. Pelvic examination reveals some scant blood in the vagina, a closed os, and no uterine tenderness. Leukocyte count is 12,000/mm3, hematocrit is 33%, and platelet count is 140,000/mm3. Her blood type is A, Rh negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 29-year-old primigravid woman is admitted to the labor and delivery ward with strong contractions every 2 minutes and cervical change from 3 to 4 cm. Over the next 5 hours she progresses to full dilation. After 3 hours of pushing, the physician cuts a mediolateral episiotomy, and the woman delivers a 3770-g (8-lb, 4-oz) boy. Which of the following is the main advantage of a mediolateral episiotomy over a median (midline) episiotomy?

Less likely to cause a fourth-degree extension

Easier surgical repair of the episiotomy

Improved healing of the episiotomy

Less blood loss

Less pain

A 34-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 38 weeks gestation presents to the labor and delivery ward complaining of headache. She has no contractions. Her prenatal course was unremarkable until she noted the onset of swelling in her face, hands, and feet this week. Her obstetric history is significant for two normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. She has no significant past medical or surgical history. Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 160/92 mm Hg, pulse is 78/min, and respirations are 16/min. Examination reveals 3+ patellar reflexes bilaterally. A cervical examination reveals that her cervix is 3 cm dilated and 50% effaced and soft, and that the fetus is at 0 station and vertex. The fetal heart rate has a baseline of 140/min and is reactive. The results from a 24-hour urine collection show 5200 mg of protein (normal <300 mg/24 hours). The patient is given magnesium sulfate intravenously for seizure prophylaxis. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

You have just performed diagnostic laparoscopy on a patient with chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia. The patient had multiple implants of endometriosis on the uterosacral ligaments and ovaries and several on the rectosigmoid colon. At the time of the procedure, you ablated all of the visible lesions on the peritoneal surfaces with the CO2 laser. But because of the extent of the patient’s disease, you recommend postoperative medical treatment. Which of the following medications is the best option for the treatment of this patient’s endometriosis?

You are treating a 31-year-old woman with danazol for endometriosis. You should warn the patient of potential side effects of prolonged treatment with the medication. When used in the treatment of endometriosis, which of the following changes should the patient expect?

Lighter or absent menstruation, since danazol causes endometrial atrophy

Occasional pelvic pain, since danazol commonly causes ovarian enlargement

More frequent Pap smear screening, since danazol exposure is a risk factor for cervical dysplasia

Heavier or prolonged periods, since danazol causes endometrial hyperplasia

Postcoital bleeding caused by the inflammatory effect of danazol on the endocervical and endometrial glands

A 30-year-old woman with a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase is planning a first pregnancy. Her physician explains the increased risk of mental retardation, as well congenital heart disease, in the infant. Which of the following should also be recommended?

Low phenylalanine diet should be initiated before conception

Vitamin B6 should be administered to the neonate on delivery

There is no need for diet control if phenylalanine levels are mildly elevated

Dietary supplementation with L-carnitine is recommended

Dietary supplementation with glycine is recommended

A 22-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, comes to the physician for her first prenatal visit She had a previous full-term, normal vaginal delivery 2 years ago. She has no medical problems and has never had surgery. She takes no medications and has no known drug allergies. Pelvic examination reveals a mucopurulent cervical discharge, no cervical motion tenderness, and an 8-week-sized, non-tender uterus. A cervical swab is performed. Two days later, the laboratory calls to notify the physician that the patient is positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 39-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician because of a persistent vaginal itch, vaginal discharge, and dysuria. She has had these same symptoms several times over the past 2 years and each time has been diagnosed with Candida vulvovaginitis. On physical examination, she has a thick, white vaginal discharge and significant vulvar and vaginal erythema. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear shows pseudohyphae; the normal saline smear is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 22-year-old nulliparous woman comes to the physician with lower abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She is unable to keep anything down. She is sexually active and uses oral contraceptive pills. The patient's last menstrual period was 15 days ago. Her temperature is 39C (102.2F), blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, and pulse is 110/min. Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes, soft and symmetrical abdomen, and diffuse tenderness over the lower quadrants. External genitalia show no abnormalities; speculum examination shows purulent discharge from the cervical os. The uterus is normal in size but is tender to palpation and motion. The adnexae are markedly tender but no palpable mass is noted. Cervical cultures are pending. Urine pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management of this patient?

. Inpatient treatment with cefotetan and doxycycline

. Outpatient treatment with ceftriaxone and doxycycline

. Outpatient treatment with oral amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

. Outpatient treatment with metronidazole and ampicillin

. Admit the patient and wait for culture results

A 25-year-old primigravid woman at 37 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department because of severe uterine contractions and moderate vaginal bleeding. She has been followed for pre-eclampsia since her 32nd week of gestation. She is currently having intermittent bleeding. Ultrasonogram in the emergency department shows placental abruption and an intrauterine gestation consistent with dates. Placenta previa is ruled out. Her temperature is 37.0 C (98.7 F), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 99/min and respirations are 20/min. Physical examination shows uterine tenderness and hyperactivity, increased uterine tone and vaginal bleeding. Her cervix is 1cm dilated and 10% effaced at the time of admission. Fetal heart tracing shows a rate of 110/min, a long-term variability of 4 cycles/min and a beat-to-beat variability of 20/min. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Emergency cesarean section

. Tocolysis to prevent the abruption from evolving

. Scheduled cesarean section within next 48 hours

. Conservative management in hospital

. Induction of labor

A healthy 28-year-old woman comes to the physician for an annual physical examination. Her past medical history is unremarkable. Menses occur every 28 days and last 4-5 days. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. She became sexually active at age 18 and has had 3 sexual partners since then. The patient is in a relationship with her boyfriend of one year and uses oral contraceptives. She does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs. Vital signs and general physical examination are within normal limits. Pelvic examination shows no cervical motion tenderness, adnexal masses, or cervical discharge. Pap smear is performed in the office. The results show adequate cellularity with transformation zone present and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management of this patient?

A 28-year-old G2, P1 woman in her 26th week of gestation comes to the office due to intermittent episodes of abdominal pain. She has been having these episodes for the past 4 days, and thinks that her fetus may be in distress. She points to her right flank when asked about the location of the pain, and says that it occasionally radiates to the groin area. She cannot identify any exacerbating or relieving factors. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated so far. Her past medical history is significant for pelvic inflammatory disease. Her temperature is 37.5 C (99.5 F), blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, and pulse is 88/min. She is in considerable pain at the moment. Deep palpation of the right flank reveals tenderness. There is no CVA tenderness. Urinalysis shows:

Specific gravity: 1.020; Blood: ++;

Glucose: negative; Ketones: negative; Protein: negative;

Leukocyte esterase: negative; Nitrites: negative.

What is the best next step in the management of this patient?

A 36-year-old woman comes to your office complaining of a 12-month history of inter-menstrual bleeding and heavy menses. She has had type-2 diabetes for the past 4-years, managed with glipizide and metformin. She has no family history of gynecological malignancies. She does not use tobacco or alcohol. Her temperature is 37.2 C (98.9 F), and blood pressure is 126/76 mm Hg. Her BMI is 30 Kg/m2. Physical examination shows pale mucus membranes. Pelvic examination is within normal limits; no vaginal lesions are noted. Urine pregnancy test is negative. Her hemoglobin is 10.8 g/dl and platelet count is 223,000/mm3. Coagulation studies are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 34-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 32 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding. Her prenatal course, prenatal tests and fetal growth have been normal. Prenatal ultrasound at the 12th week showed an intrauterine gestation consistent with dates. Her temperature is 37.0C (98.7 F), blood pressure is 90/70 mm of Hg, pulse is 98/min and respirations are 18/min. Physical examination shows continuous bright red vaginal bleeding. Ultrasonogram in the emergency department shows complete placenta previa. Fetal heart tracing shows repetitive late decelerations. The patient's vital signs are stabilized with fluids, but the bleeding continues. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Emergency cesarean section

. Administer corticosteroids and perform elective surgery later

. Continue expectant management until the bleeding stops

. Forceps delivery

. Immediate induction of labor

A 32-year-old multiparous African-American woman comes for her initial prenatal visit at 14 weeks' gestation. She complains of the recent appearance of facial hair and acne. The beta-HCG level is consistent with gestational age. Examination shows hirsutism. Ultrasonogram shows an intrauterine gestation consistent with dates and bilateral solid nodular masses in both ovaries. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Reassurance and follow-up with ultrasonogram

. Diagnostic laparoscopy

. Ultrasound guided aspiration of the mass

. Suction evacuation of uterus

. Exploratory laparotomy

A 93-year-old woman is sent to your office from the nursing home for evaluation of vaginal bleeding. She is a poor historian and history is provided by her caregiver. Per her caregiver, she has a history of cerebrovascular accident with residual weakness, myocardial infarction, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insufficiency. She has been wheelchair-bound and living in the nursing home since her stroke five years ago. She takes multiple medications. Her temperature is 37.2C (98.9F), blood pressure is 176/76mmHg, pulse is 74/min and respirations are 14/min. She is awake, alert, and oriented to person, place and time. Physical examination reveals a friable, bleeding vaginal mass 3 cm in size, and a malodorous vaginal discharge. The remainder of the examination reveals left-sided spasticity and weakness. Biopsy of the mass reveals squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina, that does not extend to the pelvic wall. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis shows no evidence of metastasis. You call the patient's daughter, who is the power of attorney, and she requests that you do the best you can. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 16-year-old teenage girl presents to your office with her mother complaining of primary amenorrhea. Her past medical history is not significant. Her family history is significant for hypothyroidism in her mother. Her vital signs are normal. Examination reveals absent breasts, as well as pubic and axillary hair. The uterus and gonads are visualized on ultrasound, and the FSH level is increased. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 59-year-old patient with a 2-year history of metastatic breast cancer presents with the acute onset of severe low back pain. She underwent a radical mastectomy and lymphadenectomy 3 years ago. Four of seven nodes were positive at the time of her original diagnosis. One year ago she developed an asymptomatic metastasis to her right femur. On physical examination, she is in severe discomfort and finds movement extremely difficult. She has exquisite tenderness in the lumbar vertebral area, and any motion of her legs or lower back produces extreme pain. An emergent MRI reveals large lytic lesions in L3 and L4. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Schedule her for radiation therapy to the lumbar spine

Prescribe bed rest with high-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Schedule her for an emergency nuclear bone scan

Discuss her wishes regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Refer her to a pain management consultant

A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician with her husband because of vaginal irritation and a malodorous vaginal discharge. Her symptoms started 4 days ago. She also notes pain with intercourse and dysuria. Pelvic examination reveals vaginal and cervical erythema and a copious greenish, frothy discharge. The pH of this discharge is 6.0. A wet preparation is done with normal saline, which shows numerous flagellated organisms that are slightly larger than the surrounding white blood cells. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?

Treat the patient and her partner with metronidazole

Treat only the patient with metronidazole

Do not treat the patient or her partner

Treat the patient and her partner with penicillin

Treat only die patient with penicillin

A 24-year-old woman asks her physician about the possibility of genetic screening for BRCA1 mutations. Her mother died of breast carcinoma at age 44, and a sister had a diagnosis of in situ ductal carcinoma at age 38. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice to give this woman?

Recommend counselling before genetic screening is undertaken

Not recommend counselling before genetic screening is undertaken

Recommend screening only if she is of Ashkenazi Jewish descent

Suggest prophylactic bilateral mastectomy instead of screening

Explain that BRCA1 mutations are not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer

A 29-year-old woman presents for a routine prenatal visit. She is 24 weeks pregnant by last menstrual period and ultrasound. She does not have any medical problems and does not take any medications. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs. She works as a financial advisor in a local firm. She and her husband have been monogamous since getting married 5 years ago. Vital signs are normal. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. At the end of the visit she tells you that her newborn niece recently had a group B streptococcal infection and she is afraid that her child might develop the same. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

. I understand your concern. I will test for the infection two weeks prior to the expected date of delivery

. I understand your concern. Let me take vaginal and rectal swabs for culture now

. Only a small percentage of unfortunate children develop this infection. Most children will be fine

. You do not have any risk factors of harboring or transmitting that infection to your child

. Your niece would not have developed the infection if the obstetrician had followed the standard of care

A 19-year-old woman presents to the physician's office for routine physical examination and Pap smear. She has no complaints. She has had 2 sexual partners in the past six months and takes oral contraceptive pills. She has no significant past medical history and takes no other medications. She has no known drug allergies. Her temperature is 37.2 C (98.9 F) and blood pressure is 120/72mm Hg. Complete physical exam including pelvic examination is unremarkable. Cervical swab is sent for nucleic acid amplification of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. One week later, the nucleic acid amplification test returns positive for Chlamydia infection. The patient is still asymptomatic. What is the most appropriate next step in the management?

. Single dose azithromycin

. Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

. One dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone

. Reassurance and no treatment at this time

. Repeat the test for confirmation

A 25-year-old woman delivered a baby boy at 38 weeks gestation. The newborn has a small body size with microcephaly, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes, excess hair and a cleft palate. He weighs 2.5kg (5.5lb). Further history or evaluation of the mother would most likely reveal which of the following?

A 30-year-old obese white female comes to the physician with a six months history of oligomenorrhea. She never had this problem before. She has no galactorrhea. She has gained significant weight over the past two years despite a regular exercise program. She has also experienced hair loss during this time. She has had regular Pap smears since the age of 20; pap smears have shown no abnormalities. She takes no medications. She does not use tobacco, alcohol, or drugs. Her mother has a history of endometrial carcinoma and her grandmother had a history of ovarian carcinoma. Physical examination shows male pattern baldness. Abdominal and pelvic examination shows no abnormalities. A urine pregnancy test is negative. Serum prolactin level and thyroid function tests are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 36-year-old woman presents to your office for contraception. She has had three vaginal deliveries without complications. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, well-controlled with a diuretic, and a seizure disorder. Her last seizure was 12 years ago. Currently she does not take any antiepileptic medications. She also complains of stress-related headaches that are relieved with an over-the-counter pain medication. She denies any history of surgeries. She is divorced, smokes one pack of cigarettes per day, and has three to four alcoholic drinks per week. On examination, her vital signs include weight 90 kg, blood pressure 126/80 mmHg, pulse 68 beats per minute, respiratory rate 16 breaths per minute, and temperature 36.4C (97.6F). Her examination is normal except for some lower extremity nontender varicosities. She has taken birth control pills in the past and wants to restart them because they help with her cramps. Which of the following would contradict the use of combination oral contraceptive pills in this patient?

A 19-year-old primigravid woman at 12 weeks gestation comes to the physician for a routine prenatal visit. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated to date, and her past medical history is unremarkable. Her medications include a multivitamin with iron and a folate supplement daily. She has no known drug allergies. Examination shows a uterus consistent in size with 12 weeks gestation. Clean-catch urine culture grows >100,000 colony-forming units/ml of Escherichia coli Sensitivity testing on the bacteria is pending. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for this patient?

) A 23-year-old primigravid woman comes to your office for her first prenatal visit. She is working as an aerobics instructor and is concerned about the effect her exercise schedule might have on the pregnancy. She teaches 30 minutes daily in the morning and does not feel fatigued. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Vital signs are normal and physical examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is the best advice to give this patient?

. "You should continue your current aerobic exercise schedule"

. "You need to reduce the duration of exercise time to 15 minutes per day"

. "You can even intensify your training efforts if you want"

. "You may have prolonged labor during delivery"

. "You need to reduce the intensity of exercise"

A 25-year-old primigravid woman at 37 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department because of severe uterine contractions and moderate vaginal bleeding. She has been followed for pre-eclampsia since her 32nd week of gestation. She is currently having intermittent bleeding. Ultrasonogram in the emergency department shows placental abruption and an intrauterine gestation consistent with dates. Placenta previa is ruled out. Her temperature is 37.0 C (98.7F), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 99/min and respirations are 20/min. Physical examination shows uterine tenderness and hyperactivity, increased uterine tone and vaginal bleeding. Her cervix is 1em dilated and 10% effaced at the time of admission. Fetal heart tracing shows a rate of 110/min, a long-term variability of 4 cycles/min and a beat-to-beat variability of 20/min. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management

. Emergency cesarean section

. Scheduled cesarean section within next 48 hours

. Tocolysis to prevent the abruption from evolving

. Conservative management in hospital

. Induction of labor

A 24-year-old primigravid woman at 10 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding. She has colicky pain in the suprapubic region radiating to the back. Her temperature is 37.0 C (98.7F), blood pressure is 110/76 mmHg, pulse is 84/min and respirations are 14/min. Physical examination shows a dilated cervix and products of conception are seen through it. Blood for grouping and typing is sent. The patient is treated appropriately, and all products of conception are evacuated. She is stabilized and transferred to the ward. Laboratory studies there show: Hematocrit: 33%;

WBC: 6,000/mm3;

Blood type: AB; Rh negative; Antibody titer: 1:4.

Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Administer RhoGAM

. Order anti-nuclear antibodies

. Screening for TORCH infections

. Obtain karyotyping of the mother

. Monitor coagulation profile

A 7-year-old girl is seen in your office after her mother began to notice significant changes in her physical appearance. The mother says that she first noticed the development of her daughter's breasts, and she became more worried when her daughter developed both axillary and pubic hair. The patient's grandmother told the mother not to worry because two of the patient's aunts entered puberty at an early age. The patient has not had any behavioral changes or a decline in her school performance, and she denies headaches, visual changes, or vomiting. Physical examination reveals the presence of axillary hair, pubic hair at Tanner stage 3, and breast development at Tanner stage 4. The rest of the examination is unremarkable. GnRH stimulation test results in an increase of LH. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this patient?

A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of intermenstrual bleeding and heavy menses. Her other medical problems include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Her blood pressure is 144/86 mm Hg. Her BMI is 40 kg/m2. Physical examination shows no obvious abnormalities. Endometrial biopsy shows "complex hyperplasia without atypia." She has three young healthy children and does not want more children in the future. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 24-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 34 weeks' gestation comes for a routine prenatal visit. Her dates were confirmed by first trimester ultrasonogram. She has no painful uterine contractions. Her previous pregnancy was uncomplicated and ended with a normal vaginal delivery. Her vitals are stable and fetal heart tones are reassuring. Physical examination shows a closed cervix, vertex is palpable at the fundus, and the presenting part is not engaged. Which of the following is the appropriate next step in management?

. Routine follow-up

. Attempt internal cephalic version

. Discuss cesarean section with the patient

. Attempt external cephalic version

. Admit the patient and monitor closely

A 24-year-old African American female presents in the 35th week of an uncomplicated pregnancy with numbness and burning in her right palm. She says the sensation is so uncomfortable that it frequently makes it difficult to sleep Which of the following is the best initial treatment for this patient?

A 19-year-old primigravid woman at 34 weeks' gestation presents for a routine prenatal visit. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated to date. Her past medical history is unremarkable. She takes one multivitamin and one iron tablet daily. She has no known drug allergies. Physical examination shows a uterus consistent in size with 34 weeks gestational age. Routine clean-catch urine culture grows greater than 100,000 colonies/ml of Escherichia coli Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 28-year-old woman presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. She is at 8 weeks gestation as determined by her last menstrual period. She has no medical problems and takes no medications. She does not smoke cigarettes and stopped drinking alcohol when she decided to become pregnant. She has no history of illicit drug use and has never been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease. She has been in a monogamous relationship with her husband for the past one year. Her family history is unremarkable. Her BMI is 23 kg/m2. Her physical examination, including vital signs, is within normal limits. Which of the following preventive measures is warranted at this visit?

A 16-year-old girl presents for evaluation of acne, which has been getting progressively worse over the past 2 weeks. Her medical history is significant for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for which she has been taking prednisone for a recent exacerbation. Hydroxychloroquine is her only other medicine. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs and her menstrual cycle is regular. On physical examination, her blood pressure is 110/76 mmHg and her pulse is 72/min. Her BMI is 22 kg/m2. Distributed over the face, arms and trunk are monomorphous erythematous papules. There are no open or closed comedones. The remainder of the physical examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her acne?

You are asked to consult on a 23-year-old woman who is 18hours status-post cesarean delivery. She presented 20 hours ago, at 32 weeks’ gestation, with vaginal bleeding and contractions and a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing. She was rushed to the operating room for an emergent cesarean delivery. The placenta had a large retroplacental clot. The infant is in the neonatal intensive care unit. On examination, the patient has a temperature of 37.7C (99.9 F), blood pressure of 110/60 mm Hg, pulse of 124/min, and respirations of 14/min. The patient has bleeding from her abdominal incision and her intravenous sites. Laboratory studies show:

Hematocrit: 18%; Leuckocytes: 16,000/mm3; Platelets: 62,000/mm3; Prothrombin time: 60sec;

Partial thromboplastin time: 100sec.

Appropriate management includes which of the following?

A 27-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 0 (termination of pregnancy ´ 3) comes to your office for an annual examination. Over the past year she has been in good health except for recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. She smokes ½ pack of cigarettes per day. She has tried to stop smoking three times but is not ready to try again to stop now. She takes a combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) with 35μg of estrogen in it. She takes no other medications and has no known drug allergies. Physical examination, including breast and pelvic exams, is significant for intermittent wheezes on chest auscultation. Regarding her birth control choice, which of the following is the most appropriate counseling?

. Continue on the present OCP

. Take a daily baby aspirin with the OCP

. Stop the OCP over the next 2 years

. Stop the OCP immediately

. Change to a combined OCP with 50-μg estrogen

A 20-year-old female comes to the physician because she has never had a period. She has no medical problems, has never had surgery, and takes no medications. Examination shows that she is a tall female with long extremities. She has normal size breasts, although the areolas are pale. She has little axillary hair. Pelvic examination is significant for scant pubic hair and a short, blind-ended vaginal pouch. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician for an annual examination. She has been sexually active since the age of 15 and has not had regular Pap smears or examinations. She is currently sexually active with multiple partners and intermittently uses condoms. She has no medical problems and takes no medications. Her examination is unremarkable. Her Pap smear is described as satisfactory but limited by the absence of endocervical cells. It is otherwise within normal limits. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Repeat the endocervical portion of the Pap test as soon as possible

. Perform colposcopy with colposcopically directed biopsies

. Perform laparoscopy with laparoscopically directed biopsies

. Perform exploratory laparotomy

. Repeat the Pap smear in 1 year

A 19-year-old female comes to the physician because of left lower quadrant pain for 2 months. She states that she first noticed the pain 2 months ago but now it seems to be growing worse. She has had no changes in bowel or bladder function. She has no fevers or chills and no nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. The pain is intermittent and sometimes feels like a dull pressure. Pelvic examination is significant for a left adnexal mass that is mildly tender. Urine hCG is negative. Pelvic ultrasound shows a 6 cm complex left adnexal mass with features consistent with a benign cystic teratoma (dermoid). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Perform laparotomy

. Prescribe the oral contraceptive pill

. Repeat pelvic ultrasound in 6 weeks

. Repeat pelvic examination in 1 year

. Perform hysteroscopy

A 25-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 22 weeks' gestation comes to the physician with complaints of burning with urination and frequent urination. Her prenatal course has been uncomplicated except for a urinary tract infection (UTI) with E. Coli at 12 weeks' gestation, which was treated at that time. Physical examination is unremarkable. Urine culture demonstrates greater than 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter of E. coli. After treating this patient for her current infection, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Prophylactic antibiotics for the remainder of the pregnancy

. Intravenous antibiotics for the remainder of the pregnancy

. No further treatment or diagnostic study is necessary

. Intravenous pyelogram

. Abdominal CT Scan

A 22-year-old woman in labor progresses to 7 cm dilation, and then has no further progress. She therefore undergoes a primary cesarean section. Examination 2 days after the section shows a temperature of 39.1 C (102.4 F), blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg, pulse of 90/min, and respirations of 14/min. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Her abdomen is moderately tender. The incision is clean, dry, and intact, with no evidence of erythema. Pelvic examination demonstrates uterine tenderness. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

. Clindamycin-gentamicin

. Clindamycin-metronidazole

. Ampicillin

. Metronidazole

A 64-year-old woman undergoes a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for uterine prolapse. On postoperative day 1, a complete blood count shows the following: Leukocytes: 5500/mm3; Hematocrit: 36%; Platelets: 245,000/mm3. By postoperative day 2, the patient is alert and able to ambulate without difficulty. She has no complaints. She has not taken in nutrition orally but is receiving IV fluids. She is voiding without difficulty and has passed flatus. Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 124/72 mm Hg, pulse is 86/min, and respirations are 12/min. Examination shows her abdomen to be soft, nontender, and non distended. The incision is clean, dry, and intact. The rest of the examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is a reason for keeping this patient hospitalized for a longer period of time?

A 39-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 40 weeks' gestation comes to the labor and delivery ward after a gush of fluid with regular, painful contractions every two minutes. She is found to have rupture of the membranes and to have a cervix that is 5 centimeters dilated, a fetus in vertex presentation, and a reassuring fetal heart rate tracing. She is admitted to the labor and delivery ward. Two hours later she states that she feels hot and sweaty. Temperature is 38.3 C (101 F). She has mild uterine tenderness. Her cervix is now 8 centimeters dilated and the fetal heart tracing is reassuring. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of this patient?

. Administer antibiotics to the mother now and allow vaginal delivery

. Administer antibiotics to the mother after vaginal delivery

. Perform cesarean delivery and then administer antibiotics to the mother

. Perform intra-amniotic injection of antibiotics

. Perform cesarean delivery

A 43-year-old primigravid woman at 10 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She is feeling well except for some occasional nausea. She has had no bleeding from the vagina, abdominal pain, dysuria, frequency, or urgency. She has asthma for which she occasionally uses an inhaler. Examination is normal for a woman at 10 weeks gestation. Urine dipstick is positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase and a urine culture shows 50,000 colony forming units per milliliter of Escherichia coli. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Treat with oral antibiotics

. Admit for intravenous antibiotics

. Wait to see if symptoms develop

. Resend another urine culture

. Obtain a renal ultrasound

A 29-year-old primigravid woman at 34 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. At 28 weeks, she failed her 50-g, 1-hour oral glucose-loading test. She also failed her follow-up 100-g, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test, with a normal fasting glucose, but abnormal 1, 2, and 3-hour values. Over the past several weeks, she has maintained good control of her fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels by adhering to the diet recommendations of her physician. She asks the physician what effect her type of diabetes can have on her or her fetus. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

. Gestational diabetes is associated with macrosomia

. Gestational diabetes with normal fasting glucose is associated with stillbirth

. Gestational diabetes is associated with intrauterine growth restriction

. Gestational diabetes is not associated with future diabetes

. Gestational diabetes is associated with fetal anomalies

A 32-year-old, HIV-positive, primigravid woman comes to the physician for a prenatal visit at 30 weeks. Her prenatal course has been notable for her use of zidovudine (ZDV) during the pregnancy. Her viral load has remained greater than 1000 copies per milliliter of plasma throughout the pregnancy. She has no other medical problems and has never had surgery. Examination is appropriate for a 30-week gestation. She wishes to do everything possible to prevent the transmission of HIV to her baby. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Offer elective cesarean section at 38 weeks

. Offer elective cesarean section after amniocentesis to determine lung maturity

. Recommend forceps-assisted vaginal delivery

. Offer elective cesarean section at 34 weeks

. Recommend vaginal delivery

A 29-year-old G1P0 patient at 24 weeks gestational age presents to your office complaining of some shortness of breath that is more intense with exertion. She has no significant past medical history and is not on any medication. The patient denies any chest pain. She is concerned because she has always been very athletic and cannot maintain the same degree of exercise that she was accustomed to prior to becoming pregnant. On physical examination, her pulse is 72 beats per minute. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. Cardiac examination is normal. The lungs are clear to auscultation and percussion. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step to pursue in the workup of this patient?

. Reassure the patient

. Refer the patient for a ventilation-perfusion scan to rule out a pulmonary embolism

. Refer the patient to a cardiologist

. Perform an arterial blood gas

. Order an ECG

A 24-year-old primigravid woman at 10 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding. She has colicky pain in the suprapubic region radiating to her back. Her temperature is 37.0C (98.7F), blood pressure is 110/76 mm Hg, pulse is 84/min, and respirations are 14/min. Physical examination shows a dilated cervix and the products of conception are seen through it. Blood is sent to the laboratory for type and antibody screen. The patient is treated with dilation and curettage and all products of conception are evacuated. She is stabilized and transferred to the ward. Her laboratory results are as follows:

Hematocrit: 32%;

Leukocyte count: 8,000 cells/µL; Blood type: AB; Rh-negative; Anti-Rh antibody titer: 1:4.

Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Administer anti-D immune globulin

. Obtain karyotyping of the mother

. Screening for TORCH infections

. Order anti-nuclear antibodies

. Monitor coagulation profile

A 29-year-old woman presents for a routine prenatal visit She is 24 weeks pregnant by last menstrual period and ultrasound. She does not have any medical problems and does not take any medications. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs. She works as a financial advisor in a local firm. She and her husband have been monogamous since getting married 5 years ago. Vital signs are normal. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. At the end of the visit she tells you that her newborn niece recently had a group B streptococcal infection and she is afraid that her child might develop the same. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

. I understand your concern. I will test for the infection 2 to 3 weeks prior to the expected date of delivery.

. I understand your concern. Let me take vaginal and rectal swabs for culture now.

. Your niece would not have developed the infection if the obstetrician had followed the standard of care.

. Only a small percentage of unfortunate children develop this infection. Most children will be fine.

. You do not have any risk factors of harboring or transmitting that infection to your child.

The labor nurse calls you in your office regarding your patient who is 30 weeks pregnant and complaining of decreased fetal movement. The fetus is known to have a ventricular septal defect of the heart. The nurse has performed a nonstress test on the fetus. No contractions are seen. She thinks the tracing shows either a sinusoidal or saltatory fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern. Without actually reviewing the FHR tracing what can you tell the nurse?

. The FHR tracing is probably not a saltatory FHR pattern because this pattern is almost always seen during rather than before labor

. The FHR tracing is probably not a sinusoidal FHR pattern because this pattern can be diagnosed only if the patient is in labor

. Fetuses with congenital anomalies of the heart will invariably exhibit abnormal FHR patterns

. The FHR tracing of the premature fetus should be analyzed by different criteria than tracings obtained at term

. Neither sinusoidal nor saltatory fetal heart rate patterns are seen in premature fetuses because of the immaturity of their autonomic nervous systems

You are counseling a 24-year-old woman who is a G2P1 at 36 weeks gestation. She delivered her first baby at 41 weeks gestation by cesarean section as a result of fetal distress that occurred during an induction of labor for mild preeclampsia. She would like to know if she can have a trial of labor with this pregnancy. Which of the following is the best response to this patient?

. Yes, but only if she had a low transverse cesarean section

. No, because once she has had a cesarean section she must deliver all of her subsequent children by cesarean section

. Yes, but only if her uterine incision was made in the uterine fundus

. Yes, but only if she had a classical cesarean section

. No, since she has never had a vaginal delivery

A 24-year-old woman with chronic hypothyroidism presents to her gynecologist for her annual examination. She recently got married, and she and her husband would like to conceive. Her hypothyroidism is well controlled and stable on thyroxine, and she has no other medical conditions. She is healthy and does not smoke or drink alcohol. She would like to know if she should keep taking her thyroxine. Which of the following is the best advice to give this patient?

“Yes, in fact we would likely need to increase your thyroxine during pregnancy to avoid hypothyroidism, which may adversely affect your baby”

“Yes, but we would likely decrease your thyroxine during pregnancy because pregnancy is accompanied by mild physiologic hyperthyroidism”

“No, thyroxine is not safe when taken during pregnancy; it is better for both you and your baby for you to be hypothyroid”

“No, thyroxine is generally accepted as safe during pregnancy, but if you are not comfortable taking it, there is no evidence that being hypothyroid will affect your baby”

“No, but we would want to keep your thyroid levels balanced for the sake of your baby, so you would be switched to methimazole”

A 32-year-old G3P3 woman is postoperative day 5 after an emergent cesarean section due to fetal distress. The patient progressed rapidly through passive labor without incident, but after her membranes were ruptured manually, a fetal scalp probe was placed in the active phase secondary to several runs of mid-late decelerations. Cesarean section was ultimately performed after 2 hours of active labor secondary to fetal distress. The patient presents now with a fever to 38.7C (101.7F) and uterine tenderness. Laboratory tests reveal a WBC count of 14,000/mm3, with 70% neutrophils and 4% bands. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

A 32-year-old G3P3 woman presents to her obstetrician for help conceiving. She states her menstrual cycles have not been regular since the birth of her third child 3 years ago. Furthermore, although she readily became pregnant with her other three children, she has failed to become pregnant despite trying over the past 2 years. She has no significant past medical history and takes only prenatal vitamins. Although she says she has not been ill lately, she reports feeling “tired and cold all the time.”

She also reports she has had trouble sleeping over the past several months. Her physical examination is normal. Laboratory tests show:

WBC count: 9000/mm3; Hemoglobin: 8.0 g/dL; Platelet count: 300,000/mm3; Hematocrit: 40%;

Thyroid-stimulating hormone level: 0.5 μU/mL;

Free thyroxine: 2.0 ng/dL; Luteinizing hormone: 0.5 mU/mL;

Follicle-stimulating hormone: 0.5 mU/mL.

Which of the following will this woman likely need to take to conceive?

A 64-year-old woman undergoes left radical mastectomy for breast cancer. A 4-cm infiltrating ductal carcinoma is found on pathologic examination. Four of 20 axillary lymph nodes are positive for malignancy. Neoplastic cells are immunoreactive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. No evidence of metastatic disease is found on bone scanning with 99mTc-labeled phosphate or chest x-ray films. The patient receives appropriate radiation therapy and multidrug chemotherapy. Which of the following is the most appropriate adjunctive therapy in this setting?

A 23-year-old gravida 3, para 2 is admitted to the hospital at 31 weeks' gestation with painful uterine contractions. Her cervix is initially 3 cm dilated. Magnesium sulfate is started. Over the next 5 hours she progresses to full dilation. After a 1-hour second stage, she delivers a 2013-g (4-lb, 7-oz) newborn. In the neonatal intensive care unit, the infant develops respiratory distress and pneumonia. Over the following days the infant develops septicemia. Preliminary blood cultures demonstrate gram-positive cocci in chains. Treatment with which of the following would most likely have prevented this neonatal outcome?

A 32-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 30 weeks’ gestation comes to the hospital because of new onset painful, regular uterine contractions that began 5 hours ago. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated. Her second pregnancy was complicated by preterm labor at 28 weeks’ gestation. She has no discharge, leakage of fluid or bleeding from the vagina; she has no dysuria or urgency. Her temperature is 37.0 C (98.7 F), blood pressure is 125/70 mmHg, pulse is 80/min and respirations are 18/min. Pelvic examination shows a soft, partially effaced and posterior cervix dilated to 2 cm. A Nitrazine test is negative. Non-stress test shows a reassuring fetal heart pattern and uterine contractions occurring every 7 minutes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 17-year-old female comes to the physician's office for a routine physical examination. She has no complaints and has no previous medical problems. She has been having sex since the age of 14 and has had 3 sexual partners so far. Vital signs are stable and physical examination is unremarkable. Pap smear is performed and the report came back as "satisfactory for evaluation" and shows mild dysplasia (low grade intraepithelial lesion). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 33-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, comes for a routine prenatal visit. According to her history, she is at 18-weeks gestation. Her family history is significant for Down syndrome on her maternal side. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Vital signs are normal, and physical examination is unremarkable. Initial laboratory studies show a decreased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 76-year-old woman presents with complaints of severe vulvar itching for the past six months. She has tried over-the-counter topical lubricants without relief. Physical examination reveals numerous vulvar excoriations. The vulvar skin is thin, dry and white in color. The labia minora are difficult to visualize. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 30-year-old G2 P 1woman at 38 weeks gestation presents to the hospital complaining of regular and painful uterine contractions that started two hours earlier. Pelvic examination reveals bulging membranes, and her cervix is 50% effaced and dilated to 3 cm. Her pregnancy was complicated by first trimester hemorrhage of unknown cause. Her past medical history is unremarkable. After placing a fetal heart monitor and an external tocometer on the patient, you note 3 separate 15 beat/min decreases in the fetal heart rate not coinciding with uterine contractions, each lasting for 25 seconds. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

. Oxygen administration and change in maternal position

. Emergent cesarean section

. Fetal scalp pH testing

. Amnioinfusion

. Artificial rupture of membranes

A 26-year-old G1 P1 woman requests contraception after delivering a healthy baby three weeks ago. She is breastfeeding the child and plans to continue for at least six months. She does not want to get pregnant for at least one year. She has no medical problems and does not take any medication. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most preferred method of contraception you can advise for this patient?

. Progestin-only oral contraceptives

. Combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives

. No contraception needed while nursing

. Coitus interruptus

. Tubal ligation

A Caucasian couple presents to your office for infertility evaluation. They are unable to conceive after 14 months of unprotected sex. The woman is 23 years of age. Her menstrual periods are regular, occurring every 26 days. She denies perimenstrual pain or pelvic discomfort. Her last menstrual period was six days ago. Her past medical history is insignificant, and bimanual examination is normal. The man is 27 years old, He is not taking any medications, Physical examination, including external genitals, is normal. What is the best next step in the management of this couple?

A 24-year-old, gravida 0, para 0 woman comes to the physician because of an 8-week history of amenorrhea. She is sexually active and uses oral contraceptive pills for contraception. Her only other complaints are moderate fatigue and a decline in mood. She denies headaches, visual disturbances, and gastrointestinal symptoms. She has no other medical problems. She socially drinks alcohol and does not use tobacco or illicit drugs. She denies stress at home or work. She walks 1-2 miles every day. Her BMI is 24 kg/m2. Visual field test is within normal limits. Examination shows no hirsutism. Breast examination reveals a white, milky secretion upon expression of both nipples. Pelvic examination reveals a uterus of normal size. Initial investigations reveal a negative serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level. According to these findings, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Measure serum TSH level

. Order hysterosalpingogram

. Order MRI of the brain with pituitary focus

. Measure serum testosterone level

. Measure serum LH and FSH levels

A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 37 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department because of acute onset intense uterine contractions and vaginal bleeding. She has been followed closely for pre-eclampsia since her 32nd week of gestation. Her temperature is 37.0 C (98.7F), blood pressure is 140/86mmHg, pulse is 92/min and respirations are 18/min. Physical examination shows uterine tenderness and hyperactivity and moderate vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination shows an effaced and 3cm dilated cervix. Ultrasonography shows a fundic placenta and a fetus in the cephalic position. Fetal heart tracing shows 140/min with good long-term and beat-to-beat variability. After initial resuscitation the bleeding is stopped Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Vaginal delivery with augmentation of labor, if necessary

. Perform tocolysis and schedule cesarean section within 48 hours

. Conservative management at home

. Forceps delivery

. Emergency cesarean section

A 30-year-old African-American woman with type- 1 diabetes and hypertension comes to the physician's office after obtaining a positive result from a home pregnancy test. She takes insulin and enalapril. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs. Her temperature is 37.2 C (99.0F), blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, pulse is 72/min, and respirations are 14/min. Physical examination is unremarkable. Her BUN is 18 mg/dl and creatinine is 1.4 mg/dl. A repeat β-HCG test performed in the office confirms pregnancy. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Stop enalapril and start labetalol

. Continue enalapril and add methyldopa

. Stop enalapril and start losartan

. Continue current therapy

. Stop enalapril and start furosemide

An 81-year-old woman presents to your office complaining that her uterus fell out 2 months ago. She has multiple medical problems, including chronic hypertension, congestive heart failure, and osteoporosis. She is limited to sitting in a wheelchair because of her health problems. Her fallen uterus causes significant pain. On physical examination, the patient is frail and requires assistance with getting on the examination table. She has complete procidentia of the uterus. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 78-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic hypertension, and history of myocardial infarction requiring angioplasty presents to your office for evaluation of something hanging out of her vagina. She had a hysterectomy for benign indications at age 48. For the past few months, she has been experiencing the sensation of pelvic pressure. Last month she felt a bulge at the vaginal opening. Two weeks ago something fell out of the vagina. On pelvic examination, the patient has total eversion of the vagina. There is a superficial ulceration at the vaginal apex. Which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient?

. Prescribe topical vaginal estrogen cream

. Schedule abdominal sacral colpopexy

. Biopsy of the vaginal ulceration

. Prescribe oral estrogen

. Place a pessary

A 38-year-old woman presents to your office complaining of urinary incontinence. Her symptoms are suggestive of urge incontinence. She admits to drinking several large glasses of iced tea and water on a daily basis because her mother always told her to drink lots of liquids to lower her risk of bladder infections. Urinalysis and urine culture are negative. After confirming the diagnosis with physical examination and office cystometrics, which of the following treatments should you recommend to the patient as the next step in the management of her problem?

. Instruct her to eliminate excess water and caffeine from her daily fluid intake.

. Prescribe an anticholinergic.

. Tell her to hold her urine for 6 hours at a time to enlarge her bladder capacity.

. Instruct her to start performing Kegel exercises.

. Schedule cystoscopy.

A 45-year-old woman with previously documented urge incontinence continues to be symptomatic after following your advice for conservative self-treatment. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

. Prescribe Ditropan (oxybutynin chloride)

. Prescribe Estrogen therapy

. Schedule a retropubic suspension of the bladder neck

. Refer her to a urologist for urethral dilation

. Schedule a voiding cystourethrogram

A 23-year-old G3POA2 female presents to your clinic at an estimated 12 weeks of gestational age. She is a new patient and has come to your clinic to seek an elective abortion. She has had two elective abortions in the past because of unplanned pregnancy. She has no past medical history and takes no medications. Her physical examination is within normal limits and a limited ultrasound examination was able to detect fetal heart tones. You and your partners have a strict policy against performing abortions because some members of the group object to the procedure. You decide it would be best to stick to this policy; however, the patient becomes angry and tells you that she will sue you if you do not perform the procedure. What is the best response to this patient?

. "I can refer you to another physician who will perform the procedure"

. "If we keep doing abortions, then your uterus can get scarred and you may not be able to become pregnant again

. "I don't think any physician will perform an abortion at this gestational age."

. "You can do what you want. I cannot do the abortion because of our group policy"

. "If you wanted to have an abortion why did you not come earlier?"

A 24-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 26 weeks' gestation comes to the physician complaining of aching and swelling in both legs. The aching of her legs is worst at night. She has no shortness of breath or chest pain. She has no past medical history. Her temperature is 36.9 C (98.2F), blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, and pulse is 78/min. Physical examination shows symmetrical pitting edema of both calves with no tenderness of either calf. Urinalysis shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Reassurance and routine follow-up

. Doppler ultrasonogram of both lower extremities

. Order echocardiogram and serum albumin levels

. Start low molecular w eight heparin

. Admit for monitoring of her condition

A 32-year-old woman presents to your office with dysuria, urinary frequency, and urinary urgency for 24 hours. She is healthy but is allergic to sulfa drugs. Urinalysis shows large blood, leukocytes, and nitrites in her urine. Which of the following medications is the best to treat this patient’s condition?

You are seeing a patient in the emergency room who complains of fever, chills, flank pain, and blood in her urine. She has had severe nausea and started vomiting after the fever developed. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection 3 days ago by her primary care physician. The patient never took the antibiotics that she was prescribed because her symptoms improved after she started drinking cranberry juice. The patient has a temperature of 38.8C (102F). She has severe right-sided CVA tenderness. She has severe suprapubic tenderness. Her clean-catch urinalysis shows a large amount of ketones, RBCs, WBCs, bacteria, and squamous cells. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

. Admit the patient for IV fluids and IV antibiotics

. Tell her to take the oral antibiotics that she was prescribed and give her a prescription of Phenergan rectal suppositories

. Admit the patient for diagnostic laparoscopy

. Arrange for a home health agency to go to the patient’s home to administer IV fluids and oral antibiotics

. Admit the patient for an intravenous pyelogram and consultation with a urologist

A 22-year-old woman has been seeing you for treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections over the past 6 months. She married 6 months ago and became sexually active at that time. She seems to become symptomatic shortly after having sexual intercourse. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for this patient to help her with her problem?

. Prescribe suppression with an antibiotic

. Prescribe prophylactic urinary antispasmodic

. Recommend use of condoms to prevent recurrence of the UTIs

. Refer her to a urologist

. Schedule an IVP

A 17-year-old married girl comes to see you, complaining of “feeling tired all the time,” vomiting in the morning, and weight gain. Examination shows signs of pregnancy that is confirmed by laboratory studies. When informed of this, the girl is visibly distraught. “How could this happen?” she says, “I’ve been on the pill!” Mentioning that she and her husband live with her parents, she declares that she wants an immediate abortion. Which of the following is the best reply?

. “That’s one option, but I’d like to talk with you a bit before we schedule anything.”

. “I want you to take time to think about things before you do anything rash.”

. “Maybe you should talk this over with your parents before proceeding.”

. “Have you considered discussing this with your husband first?”

. “Certainly, let’s schedule you for the procedure right now.”

A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of amenorrhea. She had menarche at age 13 and has had normal periods since then. However, her last menstrual period was 8 months ago. She also complains of an occasional milky nipple discharge. She has no medical problems and takes no medications. She is particularly concerned because she would like to become pregnant as soon as possible. Examination shows a whitish nipple discharge bilaterally, but the rest of the examination is unremarkable. Urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is negative. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is normal. Prolactin is elevated. Head MRI scan is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 32-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 14 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She has some mild nausea, but otherwise no complaints. She has no significant medical problems and has never had surgery. She takes no medications and has no known drug allergies. She is concerned for two reasons. First, the "flu season" is coming, and she seems to get sick every year. Second, a child at her son's daycare center recently broke out with welts and was sent home. Which of the following vaccinations should this patient most likely be given?

A 35-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 39 weeks' gestation, comes to the labor and delivery ward with contractions. Past obstetric history is significant for two normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries at term. Examination shows the cervix to be 4 centimeters dilated and 50% effaced. The patient is contracting every 4 minutes. Over the next 2 hours the patient progresses to 5-centimeters dilation. An epidural is placed. Artificial rupture of membranes is performed, demonstrating copious clear fluid. 2 hours later the patient is still at 5centimeters dilation and the contractions have spaced out to every 10 minutes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 54-year-old female comes to the physician because of involuntary loss of urine. She states "Doc, whenever I laugh, cough, or sneeze, I am unable to hold my urine. I am afraid to leave the house." She has no involuntary loss of urine while sleeping. She had a hysterectomy four years ago. She has had no trauma to her head or back. She has no other medical problems and takes no medications. Physical examination shows a relaxed anterior vaginal wall. Neurological examination shows no abnormalities. A cotton-tipped swab test reveals a urethral straining angle of 45 degrees when intra-abdominal pressure is increased. Urinalysis shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is most beneficial long-term management for this patient?

A 32-year-old woman who is one week postpartum presents with dull pain in her left leg for the past three days. She denies any history of trauma, fever or chills. Her pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, and her past medical history is unremarkable. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs. Her temperature is 37.2 C (98.9 F) and blood pressure is 120/76 mm Hg. Physical examination reveals a swollen, tender, and mildly erythematous left leg. Doppler ultrasonogram reveals a thrombus in the superficial femoral vein of the left leg. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine annual visit. She has no complaints. She has no significant previous medical problems. She has been sexually active since the age of 19 with the same partner. They married 4 years ago. She has never had any sexually transmitted diseases. She had her last Pap smear 4 years ago and was within normal limits. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs. Pelvic examination shows no abnormalities. A repeat Pap smear now shows atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A healthy 31-year-old G3P2002 patient presents to the obstetrician’s office at 34 weeks gestational age for a routine return visit. She has had an uneventful pregnancy to date. Her baseline blood pressures were 100 to 110/60 to70, and she has gained a total of 20 lb so far. During the visit, the patient complains of bilateral pedal edema that sometimes causes her feet to ache at the end of the day. Her urine dip indicates trace protein, and her blood pressure in the office is currently 115/75. She denies any other symptoms or complaints. On physical examination, there is pitting edema of both legs without any calf tenderness. Which of the following is the most appropriate response to the patient’s concern?

. Reassure the patient that this is a normal finding of pregnancy and no treatment is needed

. Tell the patient that her leg swelling is caused by too much salt intake and instruct her to go on a low-sodium diet

. Admit the patient to L and D to rule out preeclampsia

. Immediately send the patient to the radiology department to have venous. Doppler studies done to rule out deep vein thromboses

. Prescribe Lasix to relieve the painful swelling

A 25-year-old woman delivered a baby boy at 38 weeks gestation. The newborn has a small body size with microcephaly, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes, excess hair and a cleft palate. He weighs 2.5kg (5.51b). Further history or evaluation of the mother would most likely reveal which of the following?

A 19-year-old woman with a history of bipolar disorder and psychosis comes to the physician requesting a pregnancy test. Her last menstrual period was 2 months ago. Her menses usually occur every 30 days. She is sexually active with one partner and occasionally uses condoms. She is concerned because she has gained 3 kg (6lb) in the past 3 months. She also complains of breast tenderness and milky-white discharge from both nipples. She denies headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. A urine pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following is most likely to be responsible for this patient's symptoms?

A 26-year-old graduate student presents at her husband's urging, complaining of severe pain during sexual intercourse. She says that she was a virgin when she married her husband two years ago, and that she has been experiencing severe "genital pain" during sex since then. As a result, she avoids sexual intimacy with her husband, which is placing a strain upon their marriage. She also complains of intense pain with her menses and when passing stool. She admits to sporadic pelvic pain that waxes and wanes with no discernible trigger. What would be the most appropriate treatment given this woman's condition?

. Oral contraceptive pills

. Psychotherapy and sexual education

. Regularly scheduled follow-up visits

. Pain management training

. Use of vaginal dilators

A 43-year-old G1P0 who conceived via in vitro fertilization comes into the office for her routine OB visit at 38 weeks. She denies any problems since she was seen the week before. She reports good fetal movement and denies any leakage of fluid per vagina, vaginal bleeding, or regular uterine contractions. She reports that sometimes she feels crampy at the end of the day when she gets home from work, but this discomfort is alleviated with getting off her feet. The fundal height measurement is 36 cm; it measured 37 cm the week before. Her cervical examination is 2 cm dilated. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

. Instruct the patient to return to the office in 1 week for her next routine visit.

. Admit the patient for induction caused by a diagnosis of fetal growth lag.

. Send the patient for a sonogram to determine the amniotic fluid index.

. Order the patient to undergo a nonstress test.

. Do a fern test in the office.

A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of vaginal itch and pain with intercourse. She had her last menstrual period at age 52. She has no medical problems, takes no medications, and is allergic to penicillin. Pelvic examination demonstrates pale vaginal mucosa with no rugae present. The vagina is dry with no discharge. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) and normal saline wet preparation is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management?

A 14-year-old phenotypically female child is brought to your office by her mother who is concerned that her daughter has not had menstrual bleeding yet. Her past medical history is significant for an episode of severe bilateral pneumonia that required hospitalization when she was seven years old. Physical examination reveals Tanner stage 3 breast development, but very little pubic and axillary hair. Bilateral inguinal masses are palpated. A blind vaginal pouch is noted on pelvic exam. A karyotype analysis showed 46 XY. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

. Perform gonadectomy after completion of puberty

. Perform gonadectomy immediately

. Start progesterone supplementation

. Start low-dose corticosteroid therapy

. Reassurance and no further therapy

A 23-year-old primigravid woman comes to your office for her first prenatal visit. She is working as an aerobics instructor and is concerned about the effect her exercise schedule might have on the pregnancy. She teaches 30 minutes daily in the morning and does not feel fatigued. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Vital signs are normal and physical examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is the best advice to give this patient?

. ''You should continue your current aerobic exercise schedule"

. ''You need to reduce the intensity of exercise"

. "You need to reduce the duration of exercise time to 15 minutes per day"

. ''You can even intensify your training efforts if you want"

. ''You may have prolonged labor during delivery"

A 27-year-old primigravid woman at 28 weeks gestation comes to the physician's office because she has not felt any fetal movements for the past 48 hours. Her pregnancy thus far has been uncomplicated. Prenatal ultrasound at the 12th week of gestation showed an intrauterine gestation consistent with dates and showed no abnormalities. She has no history of trauma. She has no history of serious illness. Review of systems reveals no abnormalities. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Fetal heart tones are not heard by Doppler. Vital signs are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 23-year-old female comes to your office to review her daily prescription medications. She had a positive pregnancy test three days ago despite strict contraception. Her last menstrual period was 5 weeks ago. She is on albuterol and beclomethasone inhalers for bronchial asthma, isotretinoin for acne, and lithium for bipolar disorder. Her bipolar disorder has been stable for the past several years. She does not use tobacco, alcohol, or drugs. Physical examination shows no abnormalities; vital signs are stable. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice for this patient?

. Ask her to stop isotretinoin and wean lithium

. Ask her to stop beclomethasone, isotretinoin and lithium

. Ask her to stop beclomethasone and lithium

. Ask her to continue all 4 medications

. Ask her to stop all 4 medications

A 28-year-old woman presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal visit in November. She is at 8 weeks gestation as determined by her last menstrual period. She has no medical problems and takes no medications. She does not smoke cigarettes and stopped drinking alcohol when she decided to become pregnant. She has no history of illicit drug use and has never been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease. She has been in a monogamous relationship with her husband for the past one year. Her family history is unremarkable. Her BMI is 23 kg/m2. Her physical examination, including vital signs, is within normal limits. Which of the following preventive measures is warranted at this visit?

A healthy 23-year-old G1P0 has had an uncomplicated pregnancy to date. She is disappointed because she is 40 weeks gestational age by good dates and a first-trimester ultrasound. She feels like she has been pregnant forever, and wants to have her baby now. The patient reports good fetal movement; she has been doing kick counts for the past several days and reports that the baby moves about eight times an hour on average. On physical examination, her cervix is firm, posterior, 50% effaced, and 1 cm dilated, and the vertex is at a-1 station. As her obstetrician, which of the following should you recommend to the patient?

. She should continue to monitor kick counts and to return to your office in 1 week to reassess the situation

. Induced labor immediately

. You will schedule a cesarean section in 1 week if she has not undergone spontaneous labor in the meantime

. She should be admitted for Pitocin induction

. She should be admitted for an immediate cesarean section

A 29-year-old G1P0 presents to the obstetrician’s office at 41 weeks gestation. On physical examination, her cervix is 1 centimeter dilated, 0% effaced, firm, and posterior in position. The vertex is presenting at –3 station. Which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient?

. Order BPP testing for the same or next day

. Teach the patient to measure fetal kick counts and deliver her if at any time there are less than 20 perceived fetal movements in 3 hours

. Schedule cesarean delivery for the following day since it is unlikely that the patient will go into labor

. Schedule the patient for induction of labor at 43 weeks gestation

. Send the patient to the hospital for induction of labor since she has a favorable Bishop score

Your patient had an ultrasound examination today at 39 weeks gestation for size less than dates. The ultrasound showed oligohydramnios with an amniotic fluid index of 1.5 centimeters. The patient’s cervix is unfavorable. Which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient?

. Admit her to the hospital for cervical ripening then induction of labor

. Write her a prescription for misoprostol to take at home orally every 4 hours until she goes into labor

. Perform stripping of the fetal membranes and perform a BPP in 2 days

. Administer a cervical ripening agent in your office and have the patient present to the hospital in the morning for induction with oxytocin

. Admit her to the hospital for cesarean delivery

A healthy 30-year-old G1P0 at 41 weeks gestational age presents to labor and delivery at 11:00 PM because she is concerned that her baby has not been moving as much as normal for the past 24 hours. She denies any complications during the pregnancy. She denies any rupture of membranes, regular uterine contractions, or vaginal bleeding. On arrival to labor and delivery, her blood pressure is initially 140/90 but decreases with rest to 120/75. Her prenatal chart indicates that her baseline blood pressures are 100 to 120/60 to 70 mm Hg. The patient is placed on an external fetal monitor. The fetal heart rate baseline is 180 beats per minute with absent variability. There are uterine contractions every 3 minutes accompanied by late fetal heart rate decelerations. Physical examination indicates that the cervix is long/closed/-2. Which of the following is the appropriate plan of management for this patient?

. Proceed with emergent cesarean section

. Ripen cervix overnight with prostaglandin E2 (Cervidil) and proceed with Pitocin induction in the morning

. Admit the patient and schedule a cesarean section in the morning, after the patient has been NPO for 12 hours

. Induce labor with misoprostol (Cytotec)

. Administer intravenous MgSO4 and induce labor with Pitocin

A 27-year-old G3P2002, who is 34 weeks gestational age, calls the oncall obstetrician on a Saturday night at 10:00 PM complaining of decreased fetal movement. She says that yesterday her baby has moved only once per hour. For the past 6 hours she has felt no movement. She is healthy, has had regular prenatal care, and denies any complications so far during the pregnancy. Which of the following is the best advice for the on-call physician to give the patient?

. Instruct the patient to go to labor and delivery for a nonstress test

. Counsel the patient that the baby is probably sleeping and that she should continue to monitor fetal kicks. If she continues to experience less than five kicks per hour by morning, she should call you back for further instructions

. Reassure the patient that one fetal movement per hour is within normal limits and she does not need to worry

. Instruct the patient to go to labor and delivery for a contraction stress test

. Recommend the patient be admitted to the hospital for delivery

You are seeing a patient in the hospital for decreased fetal movement at 36 weeks gestation. She is healthy and has had no prenatal complications. You order a BPP. The patient receives a score of 8 on the test. Two points were deducted for lack of fetal breathing movements. How should you counsel the patient regarding the results of the BPP?

. The results are normal, and she can go home

. The results are abnormal, and she should undergo umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry

. The results are abnormal, and she should undergo emergent cesarean section

. The results are abnormal, and she should be induced

. The results are equivocal, and she should have a repeat BPP within 24 hours

A new patient presents to your office for her first prenatal visit. By her last menstrual period she is 11 weeks pregnant. This is the first pregnancy for this 36-year-old woman. She has no medical problems. At this visit you observe that her uterus is palpable midway between the pubic symphysis and the umbilicus. No fetal heart tones are audible with the Doppler stethoscope. Which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient?

. Schedule an ultrasound as soon as possible to determine the gestational age and viability of the fetus

. Tell her the uterine size is appropriate for her gestational age and schedule her for routine ultrasonography at 20 weeks

. Schedule her for a dilation and curettage because she has a molar pregnancy since her uterus is too large and the fetal heart tones are not audible

. Schedule genetic amniocentesis right away because of her advanced maternal age

. Reassure her that fetal heart tones are not yet audible with the Doppler stethoscope at this gestational age

A healthy 30-year-old G2P1001 presents to the obstetrician’s office at 34 weeks for a routine prenatal visit. She has a history of a cesarean section (low transverse) performed secondary to fetal malpresentation (footling breech). This pregnancy, the patient has had an uncomplicated prenatal course. She tells her physician that she would like to undergo a trial of labor during this pregnancy. However, the patient is interested in permanent sterilization and wonders if it would be better to undergo another scheduled cesarean section so she can have a bilateral tubal ligation performed at the same time. Which of the following statements is true and should be relayed to the patient?

. If the patient desires a bilateral tubal ligation, it is safer for her to undergo a vaginal delivery followed by a postpartum tubal ligation rather than an elective repeat cesarean section with intrapartum bilateral tubal ligation

. The patient should schedule an elective induction if not delivered by 40 weeks

. Her risk of uterine rupture with attempted VBAC after one prior low transverse cesarean section is 4% to 9%

. A history of a previous low transverse cesarean section is a contraindication to vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC)

. Her chance of having a successful VBAC is less than 60%

A 16-year-old primigravida presents to your office at 35 weeks gestation. Her blood pressure is 170/110 mm Hg and she has 4+ proteinuria on a clean catch specimen of urine. She has significant swelling of her face and extremities. She denies having contractions. Her cervix is closed and uneffaced. The baby is breech by bedside ultrasonography. She says the baby’s movements have decreased in the past 24 hours. Which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient?

. Admit her to the hospital for cesarean delivery

. Admit her to the hospital for induction of labor

. Admit her to the hospital for enforced bed rest and diuretic therapy to improve her swelling and blood pressure

. Send her home with instructions to stay on strict bed rest until her swelling and blood pressure improve

. Send her to labor and delivery for a BPP

A 14-year-old girl comes to the physician because of lower abdominal cramping. This cramping starts a few hours before, and lasts through, her menses, and then resolves completely. The cramping is primarily in the lower abdomen but also radiates to the back and thighs. She first noted this cramping approximately 6 months after her first menstrual period at age 12. She is not sexually active. Physical examination is unremarkable, including a normal pelvic examination. A pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 20-year-old G1P0 presents to your clinic for follow-up for a suction dilation and curettage for an incomplete abortion. She is asymptomatic without any vaginal bleeding, fever, or chills. Her examination is normal. The pathology report reveals trophoblastic proliferation and hydropic degeneration with the absence of vasculature; no fetal tissue is identified. A chest x-ray is negative for any evidence of metastatic disease. Which of the following is the best next step in her management?

A 27-year-old G2P1 woman comes to the labor and delivery unit with nausea, vomiting, and right lower-quadrant pain. She is at 19 weeks gestation. The symptoms started 12 hours ago and have become progressively worse. She has no chills, dysuria, or urinary frequency and is uncertain if she has had a fever. Her temperature is 38 C (100.4 F), blood pressure is 120/70 mm Hg, pulse is 98/min, and respirations are 18/min. Abdominal examination shows a gravid uterus just below the umbilicus. The fetal heart rate is 144/min. There is moderate tenderness to palpation in the right lower quadrant with guarding. Laboratory results are as follows: Hemoglobin: 12.4 g/L, Leukocytes: 16,000/µL. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management of this patient?

A 19-year-old gravida 2, para 1 woman presents at her first prenatal visit complaining of a rash, hair loss, and spots on her tongue. Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 112/74 mm Hg, pulse is 68/min, and respirations are 14/min. Physical examination is significant for a maculopapular rash on her trunk and extremities, including her palms and soles. She has "moth-eaten" alopecia and white patches on her tongue. Her uterus is 10 week size, which is consistent with her dating by last menstrual period. The rest of her examination is unremarkable. RPR and MHA-TP are positive. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 34-year-old woman with breast cancer presents to her physician complaining of increased weakness, lower back pain, and urinary incontinence. She was diagnosed with breast cancer 2 years ago and is undergoing radiation and chemotherapy. Her back pain developed 2 days ago. Physical examination shows lower extremity weakness and hyporeflexia. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in this patient's care?

Administer high-dose steroids

Administer narcotics for pain relief

Obtain a neurologic consultation

Obtain an emergency spinal MRI

Perform a lumbar puncture

An 18-year-old woman presents to the physician's office complaining of vaginal pruritus and discharge. She has no nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. She has had 2 sexual partners in the past six months and takes oral contraceptive pills. She has no other medical problems and takes no other medications. She has no known drug allergies. Her temperature is 37.2 C (98.9 F) and blood pressure is 120/72 mm Hg. Pelvic examination reveals mucopurulent cervical discharge and friable cervical mucosa. The remainder of the physical examination is unremarkable. A gram stain of the discharge reveals numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes filled with gram-negative diplococci. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

. One dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone

. Ceftriaxone and metronidazole

. Ampicillin and gentamicin

. Penicillin and doxycycline

A 30-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 32 weeks gestation comes to the physician because of a decrease in fetal movements. She has felt few fetal kicks the past 20 hours. Her prenatal course, prenatal tests and fetal growth have been normal. She has chronic hypertension and is now taking methyldopa and labetalol. Her previous pregnancies were uncomplicated and both delivered vaginally. She does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Fetal heart tones are heard by Doppler. Non-stress test is reactive. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Repeat non-stress test weekly

. Perform contraction stress test

. Give vibroacoustic stimulation

. Deliver the baby immediately

. Biophysical profile

A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician for infertility evaluation. Her cycles have been irregular for the past 12 months and she has had no periods for the past 3 months. Before that time, her cycles were quite regular. She also has hot flashes, dyspareunia, and mood disturbances. She has been married for 6 years and has a 3-year-old daughter. The patient has a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and is on thyroid replacement therapy. She smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. Both her father and mother have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vital signs are normal. Pelvic examination reveals atrophic vaginal mucosa. Serum FSH is markedly elevated, serum prolactin is normal, and pregnancy test is negative. Serum TSH is within normal limits. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for her infertility?

A 24-year-old primigravid woman at 28 weeks gestation comes to the physician because she has not felt her baby's movements for the past two weeks. Fetal heart tones are not heard by Doppler. Ultrasound shows absence of fetal cardiac activity. Fetal demise is diagnosed. Laboratory studies show: Serum fibrinogen level: 160 mg/dl (normal is 150 - 450 mg/dL), Platelets: 150, 000/mm3, Prothrombin time: 14 sec, Partial thromboplastin time: 28 sec, First trimester platelets were: 250,000/mm3. There are no signs of active bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Induction of labor

. Platelet transfusion and fibrinogen replacement

. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma

. Weekly fibrinogen monitoring and expect spontaneous delivery

. Emergency cesarean section

A 20-year old GOPO woman presents to the emergency room with complaints of vaginal bleeding and right lower quadrant pain. Her last menstrual period was approximately 5 weeks ago. She is sexually active and uses condoms occasionally. Her temperature is 37.2 C (98.9 F), blood pressure is 120/74 mm Hg, pulse is 80/min and respirations are 14/min. Examination shows mild right lower quadrant tenderness, but no rebound or guarding. There is no active vaginal bleeding and the cervical os is closed. Her initial hemoglobin is 11.0 g/dl. She is Rh positive and a quantitative β-HCG is 1000 mIU/mL. A vaginal ultrasound is done and no intrauterine or extrauterine pregnancy can be seen. Which of the following is next best step in management?

. Repeat β-HCG in 48 hours

. Administration of anti-O immune globulin

. Consent for dilatation and curettage

. Methotrexate administration

. Consent for laparoscopy

A 22-year-old primigravid woman comes for her initial prenatal visit at 6 weeks gestation. She has no complaints except mild nausea. She quit tobacco and alcohol use after she learned that she was pregnant. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. The screening VDRL test returns positive, as does the confirmatory FTA-ABS test. The patient has a history of an allergic reaction to penicillin. Which of the following is the best treatment for this patient?

A 19-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician's office for a routine annual check-up. She complains of weight gain of about 10lbs over the last year. She feels this is related to her oral contraceptive pill use. She has no previous medical problems. She had her first sexual intercourse at the age of 18. She has been sexually active with one partner for the past 2 months. She and her partner use condoms inconsistently, but use oral contraceptive pills regularly for contraception. Vital signs are normal. Her body mass index is 25 kg/m2. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice to this patient?

. Reassure that the w eight gain is not related to oral contraceptive pills

. Recommend switching from contraceptive pills to medroxyprogesterone

. Recommend continuing oral contraceptive pills and Pap smear now

. Discontinue oral contraceptive pills and perform a Pap smear now

. Discontinue oral contraceptive pills and perform a Pap smear 3days later

A 24-year-old female presents to you for the evaluation of acne. Further questioning, reveals that she also has had irregular periods for a long time. She is single and not sexually active. On examination, her BMI is 31 Kg/m2 and she has evidence of hirsutism. Further evaluation reveals increase in serum free testosterone and LH/FSH ratio of 2.4. Glucose tolerance testing reveals two-hour blood glucose of 155 mg/dl. Apart from prescribing oral contraceptive pills, which of the following is indicated in this patient?

An 18-year-old wo man presents to the physician's office complaining of vaginal pruritus and discharge. She has no nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. She has had 2 sexual partners in the past six months and takes o pills. She has no other medical problems and takes no other medications. She has no known drug allergies. Her temperature is 37.2 C (98.9 F) and blood pressure is 120/72 mm Hg. Pelvic examination reveals mucopurulent cervical discharge and friable cervical mucosa. The remainder of the physical examination is unremarkable. A gram stain of the discharge reveals numerous polymorphonuclear lymphocytes filled with gram negative diplococci. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

. One dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone

. Penicillin and doxycycline

. Ceftriaxone and metronidazole

. Ampicillin and gentamicin

A 55-year-old woman has a palpable 2 cm mass in her left breast. She had found the mass on self-examination, but she says that she had not done self-breast exam for at least six months before she did this one. Physical examination confirms the presence of the lesion, which is hard, movable, and not painful. A mammogram confirms the presence of an opacity in that area, but it does not have any of the radiological characteristics of a breast cancer. The radiologist also does a sonogram, and comes up with the same opinion, I.e., that neither study is suggestive for cancer. Fine needle aspirate is read as negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 19-year-old woman comes to the office because of irregular vaginal spotting. She always has had normal periods that occur every 28 days and last 5 days, and so this is particularly concerning. She is sexually active with her boyfriend of 3 years and has been taking oral contraceptive pills that you prescribed 2 months ago. She has no known medical problems besides seasonal allergies and has never had any surgery. She takes the oral contraceptive pill daily and loratadine intermittently, but takes no other medications. She has no known drug allergies. Physical examination, including pelvic examination, is unremarkable. Urine hCG is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

. Explain that this is common and encourage pill continuation

. Determine serum follicle stimulating hormone concentration

. Determine serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration

. Send her for a pelvic ultrasound

. Send her for an endometrial biopsy

A 38-year-old woman is 10 weeks pregnant with her second pregnancy and is found to have blood pressures exceeding the 150 to 160 mm Hg systolic range and 100 to 110mm Hg diastolic range at her first prenatal visit. She has no other medical problems. She had a cholecystectomy at the age of 20. She takes no medications and is allergic to sulfa drugs. Her family history is significant for hypertension on both her maternal and paternal sides. Physical examination is normal, including an obstetrical ultrasound demonstrating a 10-week intrauterine pregnancy. The patient is diagnosed with chronic hypertension. Which of the following should be used as first-line antihypertensive therapy for this patient?

A 20-year-old college student comes to the student health clinic concerned that she may be pregnant. She states that she has had a steady boyfriend for the last 2 years and that they regularly use condoms for birth control. Last night the condom broke, however, and the patient is extremely worried that she may have become pregnant. Although she has mixed feelings about terminating an advanced pregnancy, she is not opposed to terminating an early pregnancy, and wants to know if she can take an “abortion pill” that she has heard about in the news. Her last menstrual period was 14 days ago, and her last gynecologic examination, which included a negative Pap smear, was 10 months ago. She has no previous illnesses and has a negative review of systems. She does not smoke, drinks only rarely, and does not use any illicit substances. Vital signs are: temperature 37.0 C (98.6 F), blood pressure 118/78 mmHg, pulse 72/min, and respirations 20/min. Physical examination is unremarkable. A urine pregnancy test is negative. Given her request, which of the following is the most appropriate management?

. Prescribe ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel to be taken twice, 12 hours apart

. Prescribe a daily oral contraceptive pill

. Explain that no treatment is necessary; given the timing of unprotected coitus there is a low risk for pregnancy

. Explain that no treatment is necessary given the negative urine pregnancy test

. Explain that no legal treatment is available and refer her to Planned Parenthood

A 33-year-old woman is very depressed about her recurrent pregnancy loss. She has had four pregnancies that all have ended in spontaneous abortion before 8 weeks. Her past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. She has never had surgery. She takes acetaminophen occasionally for headaches, but otherwise uses no medications and has no known drug allergies. Physical examination is normal. Laboratory evaluation demonstrates that she is positive for lupus anticoagulant and that she is positive for anticardiolipin IgG. These results are again positive 8 weeks later. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of this patient during her next pregnancy?

. Daily heparin and low dose aspirin

. Paternal leukocyte immunization and intravenous immune globulin

. Paternal leukocyte immunization

. Daily low dose aspirin

. Daily heparin

A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of bleeding from the vagina. She states that her last menstrual period came 11 years ago and that she has had no bleeding since that time. She has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Examination shows a mildly obese woman in no apparent distress. Pelvic examination is unremarkable. An endometrial biopsy is performed that shows grade I endometrial adenocarcinoma. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

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