Immune System
Immune System Knowledge Quiz
Test your understanding of the immune system with this comprehensive quiz designed for healthcare professionals and students. Covering topics such as HIV, autoimmune diseases, and immunizations, this quiz will challenge your knowledge and reinforce your learning.
Key Features:
- 49 carefully crafted questions
- Multiple-choice format
- Focus on real-world application and patient care
Which home care instructions should the nurse plan to reinforce to the mother of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
Frequent hand washing is important.
The child should avoid exposure to other illnesses.
The child's immunization schedule will need revision.
Kissing the child on the mouth will never transmit the virus.
Clean up body fluid spills with bleach solution (10:1 ratio of water to bleach).
Which individual is least at risk for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma?
A kidney transplant client
Exposure to asbestos
A male with a history of same-sex partners
An individual working in an environment where exposure to asbestos exists
The client is suspected of having systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which is one of the initial characteristic signs of SLE?
Weight gain
Subnormal temperature
Elevated red blood cell count
Rash on the face across the nose and on the cheeks
The nurse is assisting with planning the care of a client with a diagnosis of immunodeficiency. The nurse should incorporate which intervention as a priority in the plan of care?
Protecting the client from infection
Providing emotional support to decrease fear
Encouraging discussion about lifestyle changes
Identifying factors that decreased the immune function
The client calls the office of the primary health care provider (PHCP) and states to the nurse that they were just stung by a bumblebee while gardening. The client is afraid of a severe reaction because their neighbor experienced such a reaction just 1 week ago. Which should be the appropriate nursing action?
Advise the client to soak the site in hydrogen peroxide.
Ask the client if they ever sustained a bee sting in the past.
Tell the client to call an ambulance for transport to the emergency room.
Tell the client not to worry about the sting unless difficulty with breathing occurs.
The nurse is assisting with the administration of immunizations at a health care clinic. The nurse should understand that immunization provides which protection?
Protection from all diseases
Innate immunity from disease
Natural immunity from disease
Acquired immunity from disease
The camp nurse prepares to instruct a group of children about Lyme disease. Which information should the nurse include in the instructions?
Lyme disease is caused by a tick carried by deer.
Lyme disease is caused by contamination from cat feces.
Lyme disease can be contagious by skin contact with an infected individual.
Lyme disease can be caused by the inhalation of spores from bird droppings.
The client arrives at the health care clinic and states to the nurse that they were just bitten by a tick and would like to be tested for Lyme disease. The client tells the nurse that they removed the tick and flushed it down the toilet. Which nursing action is appropriate?
Refer the client for a blood test immediately.
Inform the client that there is not a test available for Lyme disease.
Tell the client that testing is not necessary unless arthralgia develops.
Instruct the client to return in 4 to 6 weeks to be tested, because testing before this time is not reliable.
The client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has begun therapy with zidovudine. The nurse should monitor which laboratory result during treatment with this medication?
Blood culture
Blood glucose level
Blood urea nitrogen
Complete blood count
The nurse is caring for a postrenal transplantation client with prescription for cyclosporine. If the nurse notes an increase in one of the client's vital signs and the client is complaining of a headache, which vital sign is most likely increased?
Pulse
Respirations
Blood pressure
Pulse oximetry
The client with diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection has been receiving pentamidine. The client develops a temperature of 101° F (38.3° C). The nurse continues to monitor the client, knowing that this sign would most likely indicate which condition?
The dose of the medication is too low.
The client is experiencing toxic effects of the medication.
The client has developed inadequacy of thermoregulation.
A result of another infection caused by the leukopenic effects of the medication.
Saquinavir is prescribed for the client who is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive. The nurse should reinforce medication instructions about which health care measure to the client?
Avoid sun exposure.
Eat low-calorie foods.
Eat foods that are low in fat.
Take the medication on an empty stomach.
Ketoconazole is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of candidiasis. Which interventions should the nurse include when administering this medication? Select all that apply.
Restrict fluid intake.
Monitor liver function studies
Instruct the client to avoid alcohol.
Administer the medication with an antacid
Instruct the client to avoid exposure to the sun.
Administer the medication on an empty stomach.
The client taking fexofenadine is scheduled for allergy skin testing and tells the nurse in the primary health care provider's office that a dose was taken that morning. Which should the nurse anticipate happening as a result?
A lower dose of allergen will need to be injected.
A higher dose of allergen will need to be injected.
The client will need to reschedule the appointment.
The client should have the skin test read a day later than usual
The home care nurse is assigned to care for the client who returned home following treatment for a sprained ankle. The nurse notes that the client was sent home with crutches that have rubber axillary pads and needs to reinforce instructions regarding crutch walking. On data collection, the nurse discovers that the client has an allergy to latex. Before providing instructions regarding crutch walking, the nurse should do which action?
Cover the crutch pads with cloth.
Contact the primary health care provider (PHCP).
Call the local medical supply store, and ask for a cane to be delivered.
Tell the client that the crutches must be removed immediately from the house.
The nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for the client with immunodeficiency. The nurse should determine that which problem is a priority for the client?
Infection
Inability to cope
Lack of information about the disease
Feeling uncomfortable about body changes
The nurse notes that the client is receiving lamivudine. The nurse should determine that this medication has been prescribed to most likely treat which condition?
Pancreatitis
Pharyngitis
Tonic-clonic seizures
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
The client who received a kidney transplant is taking azathioprine, and the nurse reinforces instructions about the medication. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
"I need to watch for signs of infection."
"I need to discontinue the medication after 14 days of use."
"I can take the medication with meals to minimize nausea."
"I need to call the primary health care provider (PHCP) if more than one dose is missed."
The client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has a foot infection and is prescribed antibiotic therapy with an aminoglycoside. The nurse collects data from the client and notes that the client has a hearing loss. The nurse should take which action next?
Give the medication but at half the prescribed dose.
Inform the registered nurse (RN) about the hearing loss.
Have the client drink extra water to avoid toxic side effects.
Suggest a peak and trough to ensure safe medication administration
Stavudine is prescribed for the client diagnosed with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse reinforcing medication instructions to the client should instruct the client about the importance of reporting which sign/symptom to the primary health care provider?
Fatigue
Headache
Constipation
Tingling in the extremities
The licensed practical nurse employed in the ambulatory clinic is assisting the registered nurse prepare to administer a dose of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). The licensed practical nurse should ensure that which medication is readily available before the medication is administered?
Epinephrine
Phytonadione
Acetylcysteine
Protamine sulfate
The nurse is taking a health history on the client seen in the health care clinic for the first time. When the nurse asks the client about current prescribed medications, the client tells the nurse that amprenavir is prescribed twice daily. Based on this finding, the nurse should elicit data from the client regarding the presence of which condition?
Peptic ulcer disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Indinavir is prescribed for the client with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which medication instruction should the nurse reinforce to the client?
Expect the urine to turn red.
Take the medication with a large meal.
Increase fluid intake to at least 1.5 L/day
Expect a significant amount of unexplained weight loss.
The client calls the emergency department and tells the nurse that he received a bee sting to the arm. The client states that he has received bee stings in the past and is not allergic to bees but the site is painful and asks the nurse how to alleviate the pain. Which primary action should the nurse instruct the client to take?
Take two acetaminophen.
Apply ice and elevate the site.
Lie down and elevate the arm.
Place a heating pad on the site.
The client taking metronidazole for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis calls the nurse employed in the primary health care provider's office concerned because of a feeling of tingling and numbness in the extremities. Which instructions should the nurse provide to the client?
Increase fluid intake.
Discontinue the medication.
Numbness and tingling of the extremities is a harmless side effect.
Report to the clinic to see the primary health care provider immediately.
The nurse is caring for the client diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin, 600 mg by mouth daily is prescribed for the client. The nurse reinforces instructions to the client regarding the administration of this medication. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?
"I need to limit alcohol intake."
"I need to take the medication with meals."
"I will need to take the medication for months."
"I need to call the primary health care provider if the color of my urine turns red-orange."
The nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for the client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) experiencing night fever and night sweats. Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care to manage this symptom?
Administer a sedative at bedtime.
Administer an antipyretic at bedtime.
Keep the call bell within reach for the client.
Provide a back rub and comfort measures before bedtime.
The nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for the pregnant client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse should determine that which is the priority concern for this client?
Isolation
Development of an infection
Inability to care for herself at home
Lack of available support services
The client is prescribed sulfisoxazole. Which measure should the nurse monitor to determine if the therapy is effective?
Blood glucose
Blood pressure
Red blood cell count
White blood cell count
The nurse is assessing the client who has small groups of vesicles over his chest and upper abdominal area. They are located only on the right side of his body. The client states his pain level is 8/10, and describes the pain as burning in nature. Which question is most appropriate to include in the data collection?
"Did you have chicken pox as a child?"
"How many sexual partners have you had?"
"Did you use an electric blanket on your side?"
"Why don't you try docosanol cream on your lesions?"
Which report best indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing a toxicity-related reaction to kanamycin sulfate?
Difficulty hearing
Gastrointestinal disturbances
An elevated white blood cell count
A decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
The client diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) is prescribed rifampin. The nurse should reinforce which instruction regarding this medication?
Yellow discoloration of the skin is common.
Wear glasses instead of soft contact lenses.
Take the medication on an empty stomach.
A negative sputum culture warrants stopping the therapy.
The nurse is reviewing instructions to a client diagnosed with otitis media who is prescribed amoxicillin 500 mg orally every 8 hours. The nurse should determine that which statement by the client most indicates an understanding of the adverse effects related to the medication?
"If I get diarrhea, I need to call the doctor."
"I may become dizzy from the medication."
"Constipation means that the medication needs to be stopped.
"A headache may mean that I need to discontinue the medication."
The nurse is collecting data on a client complaining of fatigue, weakness, malaise, muscle pain, joint pain at multiple sites, anorexia, and photosensitivity. Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is suspected. The nurse should further check for which manifestation that is also indicative of the presence of SLE?
Emboli
Ascites
Two hemoglobin S genes
Butterfly rash on the cheeks and bridge of the nose
The primary health care provider aspirates synovial fluid from a knee joint of a client diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse reviews the laboratory analysis of the specimen and should expect the results to best indicate which finding?
Cloudy synovial fluid
Bloody synovial fluid
Presence of organisms
Presence of urate crystals
The client arrives at the ambulatory care center complaining of flulike symptoms. On data collection, the client tells the nurse that he was bitten by a tick and is concerned that the bite is causing the sick feelings. The client requests a blood test to determine the presence of Lyme disease. Which question should the nurse ask next?
"Was the tick small or large?"
"When were you bitten by the tick?"
"Did you save the tick for inspection?"
"Did the tick bite anyone else in the family?"
The nurse determines that the client diagnosed with neutropenia needs further teaching if which statement is made by the client?
"I will include plenty of fresh fruits in my diet."
"If I develop a fever over 100° F, I will call my doctor."
"Petting my dog is fine as long as I wash my hands after doing so.
"My husband will just have to take over cleaning the cat's litter box."
The client is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse should reinforce which most appropriate instructions to the client regarding this medication?
"Expect rashes or skin changes as a result of therapy."
"Discontinue the medication once symptoms subside."
"Take most doses early in the day when fluid intake is largest."
"Take each dose with 8 oz of water, and drink extra water each day."
The clinic nurse periodically cares for the client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The nurse should assess for an early manifestation of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection by monitoring for which sign/symptom at each client visit?
Fever
Cough
Dyspnea at rest
Dyspnea on exertion
The nurse is assigned to care for the client with a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The primary health care provider has prescribed sulfasalazine. The nurse preparing to administer the medication should determine that this medication is in which drug category?
Antibiotic
Sulfonamide
Opioid analgesic
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
Which signs/symptoms should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction? Select all that apply.
Hives
Pallor
Stridor
Dyspnea
Urticaria
Wheezing
Which findings should cause the nurse to postpone administration of an immunization and do further data collection? Select all that apply.
Over 60 years of age
Immune deficiency disease
Axillary temperature of 99° F
Negative tuberculin skin test at 48 hours
Type 1 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin
Familial history of severe allergic response to the immunization
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cancer who is immunosuppressed. Neutropenic precautions have been implemented. Which activity should the nurse question if observed while caring for this client?
The family brings a bouquet of plastic flowers to brighten the client's room.
The family member with a cold wears a mask while visiting for a short period of time.
The client orders lunch of soup, salad with tomatoes and cucumbers, and an apple.
The client wears a mask while being transported to the interventional radiology department.
A child with leukemia is hospitalized and is receiving chemotherapy. Laboratory results indicate that the child is neutropenic, and protective isolation procedures are initiated. The grandmother of the child visits and brings a fresh bouquet of flowers picked from her garden and asks the nurse for a vase for the flowers. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
"I have a vase in the utility room, and I will get it for you."
"I will get the vase and wash it well before you put the flowers in it."
"The flowers from your garden are beautiful, but they should not be placed in the child's room at this time."
"When you bring the flowers into the room, place them on the bedside stand as far away from the child as possible."
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of neutropenia. Which interventions should the nurse include in planning care for this client? Select all that apply.
Check temperature at least every 4 hours.
Monitor white blood cell count daily as prescribed
Eliminate fruits and vegetables from the client's diet
Remove fresh flowers or plants from the client's room.
Administer oxygen to maintain the oxygen saturation level greater than 97%.
Which are the most important interventions that can help reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired urinary catheter infections? Select all that apply.
Empty the urinary drainage bag every 12 hours.
Use indwelling urinary catheters judiciously.
Remove indwelling catheters when no longer needed
Use strict aseptic technique when inserting all urinary catheters.
Do not insert straight catheters into a client more than once a day.
Irrigate all indwelling catheters every day to prevent obstruction.
The nurse is caring for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is most important that the nurse use which precautions to protect herself and her other clients from infection with HIV? Select all that apply.
Wear an N95 respirator when in the client's room.
Recap all needles to prevent accidental needle sticks.
Perform hand hygiene before and after contact with the client.
Use biohazard bags for items saturated with blood and bodily fluids.
Wear personal protective equipment when contact with blood and other bodily fluids are anticipated.
A client has been placed on neutropenic precautions. Which information is appropriate when explaining what this means? Select all that apply.
Get plenty of sleep and rest.
Take all medications as prescribed.
Eat plenty of fresh fruits, salads, and vegetables.
Wash your hands frequently with antibacterial soap.
Having indoor plants is permissible, but no outdoor gardening.
Contact the primary health care provider (PHCP) if even a low-grade fever develops.
The nurse is preparing to set up a sterile field using the principles of aseptic technique to perform a dressing change. Which should the nurse include in the preparations? Select all that apply.
Use a dry table that is below waist level.
Open the distal flap of a sterile package first.
Prepare the sterile field just before the planned procedure.
Don clean gloves before touching items on the sterile field. Place the sterile field 1 foot behind the working area and out of view of the client.
Avoid placing items within 1 inch of any area surrounding the outer edge of the sterile field.
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