Physiology Midterm 2 practice

Cardiac output is equal to ________.

Norepinephrine is released from ________ neurons, causing heart rate to ________.

The cardiac control center of the ________ coordinates the autonomic innervation of the heart.

The ejection fraction is ________.

Stroke volume is affected by all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Stroke volume is directly proportional to ________.

In response to increased ventricular filling, ________.

Cardiac output would be increased by ________.

Venous return is increased by all of the following EXCEPT ________.

The ________ is equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the capillaries minus the hydrostatic pressure of tissue interstitial fluid outside the capillaries.

Net filtration would be decreased by ________.

What is the main force that causes fluids to enter the venous end of a capillary?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which angiotensin II raises blood pressure?

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) functions antagonistically to ________.

Blood volume would be increased by ________.

Vascular smooth muscle can directly respond to changes in pressure. This type of control is called ________.

Vasodilation is induced by all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Control of blood flow to skeletal muscles during exercise is mainly under ________ control.

Which blood vessels have the highest cross-sectional area?

Increased blood pressure stimulates ________.

Which blood protein is an antibody that helps fight infection?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of white blood cells?

What type of antigens are present in Type O blood?

If the ________ were not properly functioning, congestion in the venous system would be an expected sign.

What structures keep the AV valves from everting under high ventricular pressure?

During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation ________.

Systole refers to the ________ of the ventricles, when pressure is ________.

The action potential of cardiac pacemaker cells is caused by ________.

Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the heart are opened by an increase in Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. This is referred to as ________.

Myocardial cells exhibit a plateau phase instead of quickly repolarizing. This is due to ________.

The P wave of an ECG represents ________.

Which vessels are most important for controlling resistance to blood flow?

Within the blood vessels, valves are found in the ________.

Hormones that enhance the responsiveness of a target organ to a second hormone have ________.

When two or more hormones work together to produce a particular result, their effects are ________

The molecules secreted by endocrine glands that are inactive until changed by their target cells are ________.

Water-soluble hormones differ from lipophilic hormones, in that ________.

Steroid hormone receptors may be found ________.

How is most thyroid hormone transported in the plasma?

The posterior pituitary gland ________.

Cortisol secretion would cease if the ________ no longer secreted ACTH.

The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the ________ is called the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system.

Growth would be inhibited by increasing ________ secretion.

Increased circulating concentrations of testosterone would cause decreased secretion of ________.

Most target organ control on the anterior pituitary gland is due to ________.

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Over-secretion of growth hormone in children causes ________.

What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk-ejection during lactation?

Which of the following is a potent mineralocorticoid that helps increase blood volume and pressure?

The adrenal cortex is NOT involved in regulation of ________.

What is NOT an effect of taking exogenous glucocorticoids?

Cycles of physiological activity that follow a 24-hour pattern are called ________.

The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT the ________.

Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because ________.

During inspiration, ________.

The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is ________.

How does surfactant reduce the surface tension of water in the lungs?

Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of ________.

Quiet expiration is caused by ________.

Quiet inspiration will ________ thoracic and lung volume and ________ intrapulmonary pressure.

The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the ________.

The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the ________.

Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix, at 760 mm Hg, the partial pressure of gas X would be ________.

The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood ________.

The ventilation/perfusion ratio ________.

Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata directly detect changes in the pH of the ________.

The primary drive to breathe is elicited by which of the following?increased PCO2

The I neurons of the dorsal respiratory group stimulate the ________.

Which of the following will decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as ________.