EMBRYO FINAL REVIEW
Embryology Mastery Quiz
Test your knowledge of embryology with our comprehensive quiz designed for students, educators, and anatomy enthusiasts alike. Dive into 150 multiple-choice questions covering key topics such as dental development, tissue fun
The quiz offers:
- Detailed questions on embryonic structures
- Insights into dental anatomy and physiology
- Practical knowledge for exams and certification
Which type of dentin forms to protect and maintain the vitality of the pulp?
Mantle
Sclerotic
Peritubular
Reactionary
The formation of sclerotic dentin is an example of which function of the pulp?
Inductive
Formative
Protective
Nutritive
Sclerotic dentin is found in each of the following areas EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Abrasion
Fracture
Living odontoblasts
Caries of enamel
Tomes processes develop in which stage of ameloblast differentiation?
Secretion
Protection
Maturation
Organization
The granular layer of Tomes is located in the _________.
Dentin of the root
Dentin of the crown
Periodontal ligament
Cementum of the root
Intermediate cementum lies between the ___________ and the secondary cementum.
Enamel
Periodontal tissue
Granular layer of Tomes
Cellular-acellular cementum
Which tissue does not support the dentition?
Enamel
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament
Final maturation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers occurs
At the cap stage of tooth formation.
When the teeth first erupt through the gingiva.
When the teeth reach functional occlusion.
When the root is half formed.
Which of the following best defines a cementicle?
An ovoid calcification in the periodontal ligament (PDL)
A spindle-shaped cell found in the connective tissue
A flattened and elongated cell found in the coronal portions of the pulp
An irregularly shaped calcified mass appearing in the canal of the pulp
The periodontal ligament connects with the gingival tissues.
True
False
The width (thickness) of the periodontal ligament increases with age.
True
False
Interstitial spaces of the periodontal ligament contain
Cementum.
Blood vessels and nerve trunks.
Alveolar bone.
Nothing. They are empty spaces left between structures.
The periodontal ligament is thinnest in the midroot zone
True
False
Adult periodontitis causes loss of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers as well as loss of
Cementum.
Alveolar bone.
Enamel.
Dentin.
The alveolar process supports the roots of the teeth
True
False
The primary function of the periodontal ligament is
Support of the teeth
To maintain cementum after resorption
Protection of cementum
Providing shape and contour of the teeth
A combination of genetic and _____ factors are associated with palatal and facial clefts.
Social
Behavioral
Age-related
Environmental
A cleft may occur in the _______.
Lip
Palate
Mandible
Lip, palate, and mandible
Cleft palate will not occur without cleft lip.
True
False
White males develop a cleft lip more often than white females.
True
False
An opening of a nostril into the oral cavity is classified as an incomplete cleft lip.
True
False
Teeth are slightly more mobile in the
Morning.
Early afternoon.
Late afternoon.
Evening.
Tooth development relies on an interaction between the ectoderm and mesenchyme.
True
False
Primary teeth begin development at birth.
True
False
Which layer of the enamel organ is most closely associated with blood vessels?
Stellate reticulum
Stratum intermedium
Inner enamel epithelium
Outer enamel epithelium
The successional lamina is vital to the development of primary teeth.
True
False
During root development, the epithelial diaphragm __________.
Fuses to the stratum intermedium
Surrounds the apical opening of the dental pulp
Forms the cortical plate, which covers the mandible
Deposits an enamel matrix along the dentoenamel junction
The dental sac or follicle is connective tissue that becomes:
Cementum, dentin, and enamel
PDL, cementum and alveolar bone
Dentin and alveolar bone
Enamel, PDL and dentin
________ operates as a blueprint or pattern to guide root formation.
Predentin
The primary cuticle
Reduced enamel epithelium
Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
Bone, dentin, cementum, and enamel grow through incremental deposition.
True
False
Which cells of the enamel organ assist ameloblasts in forming enamel?
Stellate reticulum
Stratum intermedium
Inner enamel epithelial
Outer enamel epithelial
Which of the following occurs when root formation begins?
The epithelial root sheath proliferates.
The tooth’s crown tip enters the oral cavity.
Fibrous tissue surrounding the follicle increases.
Reduced enamel epithelium contacts and fuses with the oral epithelium
Tooth eruption requires formation of the eruption
Ruffled border.
Diphyodont.
Pathway.
Leeway space.
Which type of teeth are not successors of primary teeth?
Adult incisors
Adult canines
Adult premolars
Adult molars
The eruption process is rapid and continuous.
True
False
Eruptive movement of posterior teeth occurs occlusally through the bony crypt of the jaws to reach the mucosa.
True
False
Which permanent tooth develops without a primary predecessor?
Molar
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
Which of the following is the origin of osteoclasts?
Fibroblasts
Monocytes
Amino acids
Root resorption
Shedding is the loss of mixed dentition caused by resorption of the roots.
True
False
Tooth development relies on an interaction between the ectoderm and mesenchyme.
True
False
The successional lamina is vital to the development of primary teeth.
True
False
The mixed dentition phase occurs from approximately _____ years of age.
Birth to 2
3 to 6
8 to 12
13 to 18
Most pulpal nerve endings are located in which area?
Pulp horns
Central pulp
Apical foramen
Dentinoenamel junction
The alveolar crest is located _____ mm below the DEJ
10
3-4
1.2-1.5
2.5-2.1
The alveolar crest is ______ in the molar region
Flat
Peaked
Rounded
Scalloped
The mesiodistal size difference between a primary molar and a permanent premolar is called the ____.
Leeway space
Furcation zone
parietal plexus
Incisor liability
Hyalinization of the PDL is caused by which of the following?
Mesial drift
Traumatic compression
Eruption of permanent teeth
Gradual orthodontic movement
At which of the following the cementum is thickest?
Apex of the root
Cementoenamel junction
Cervical region of the root
Furcation of multirooted teeth
Cementum is highly vascularized.
True
False
Why does aging cementum appear to have a rough surface?
Extrinsic wear and occlusal force.
Calcification of ligament fiber bundles.
Obstruction of the pattern of incremental lines.
Cementoblasts cannot repair cementum after resorption.
Cementum resorption is a characteristic of aging cementum.
True
False
Cementum resorption is rare, even in older patients. In fact, cementum is more resistant to resorption than bone.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
Which papillae do not house taste buds?
Foliate
Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
The organic component of enamel is called
Hydroxyapatite.
Enamelin.
Gnarled enamel.
Perikymata.
Ameloblasts deposit 4 µm of enamel rods daily.
True
False
A developmental defect at the dentinoenamel junction of enamel that is filled with organic material is called (a/an)
Enamel rod.
Enamel tuft.
Enamel lamellae.
Enamel spindle
Ameloblasts migrate away from the dentinoenamel junction as they produce enamel rods.
True
False
Which of the following best defines incremental lines?
Ridges visible on the surface of enamel
Termination of dentinal tubules in enamel
Alternating dark and light bands of enamel rod groups
Lines that result from the rhythmic recurrent deposition of enamel
The breakdown of ______________ results in a brown spot on the tooth.
Organic debris
Enamel crystals
Salivary corpuscles
Filamentous organisms
Articular remodeling is a response to _______________.
Aging
Inactivity
Genetic dysfunction
Environmental stress
Merkel cells function as receptors for
Pain.
Temperature.
Touch and pressure.
Deep pressure.
Masticatory mucosa is found on the hard palate and gingiva
True
False
Before the development of the vascular system, the vitelline system provides nutrients to the embryo.
True
False
Which of the following occurs when root formation begins?
The epithelial root sheath proliferates.
The tooth’s crown tip enters the oral cavity.
Fibrous tissue surrounding the follicle increases.
Reduced enamel epithelium contacts and fuses with the oral epithelium.
The order of process is:
Bud, bell, cap, amelogenesis, dentinogenesis, crown formation, root formation, and eruption
Bud, cap, bell, dentinogenesis, amelogenesis, root formation, crown formation, and eruption
Bud, cap, bell, dentinogenesis, amelogenesis, crown formation, root formation, and eruption
Bud, cap, bell amelogenesis, dentinogenesis, crown formation, root formation, and eruption
The stages of tooth development occur in which order?
Bud, cap, bell
Bell, bud, cap
Cap, bell, bud
Bell, cap, bud
Which of the following best defines the neonatal line?
An accentuated incremental line.
A defect caused by the misdirection of enamel rods.
Light and dark enamel rod groups, made visible with light
A series of dark growth rings noticeable in the cross section of enamel.
Which of the following best describes the neonatal line?
The most notable line of Retzius, possible due to changes in environment.
A defect caused by the misdirection of enamel rods.
Light and dark enamel rod groups, made visible with light
A series of dark growth rings noticeable in the cross section of enamel
Which of the following best defines the zone of Weil?
Cell-free region
High cell density
Concentrated plexus of nerves
Large veins, arteries, and pericytes
Which salivary component facilitates the breakdown of carbohydrates?
Mucin
Protein
Zymogen granules
Immunoglobulin A
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth
Striated, voluntary, and smooth
Cardiac, skeletal, and voluntary
Voluntary, involuntary, and striated
Which of the following best defines incremental lines?
Ridges visible on the surface of enamel
Termination of dentinal tubules in enamel
Alternating dark and light bands of enamel rod groups
Lines that result from the rhythmic recurrent deposition of enamel
Incremental lines in dentin are also known as
Lines of von Ebner.
The smear layer.
The granular layer of Tomes.
Canaliculi.
The appositional growth of dentin is apparent in which feature?
Incremental lines
Lateral canaliculi
Transparent dentin
Interglobular spaces
Incremental lines in cementum indicate _________.
Trauma
Rhythmic deposition
Developmental anomalies
The presence of odontocytes
Facial (smile) muscles develop from the second pharyngeal arch
True
False
The face develops in the ___________ prenatal week
1-3
4-7
8-11
12-14
Development of the upper lip depends on fusion of the philtrum and maxillary processes.
True
False
Meckel’s cartilage acts as a framework for the developing mandible.
True
False
Ectopic sebaceous glands on the mucosa at the angle of the mouth are called
Rugae.
Fordyce spots.
Merkel cells.
Macula adherens
Ectopic sebaceous glands at the angle of the mouth are called fordyce spots.
True
False
Internal organs (viscera) receive most of their neural impulses from which nervous system?
Somatic
Sensory
Afferent
Autonomic
Impulses conducted from the periphery of the body (e.g., muscles, glands) to the central nervous system (CNS) are conducted through which system?
Motor
Somatic
Afferent
Autonomic
Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the _________ system.
Sensory
Afferent
Somatic
Autonomic
Ligaments and tendons are composed of which tissue?
Neural
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective
How wide is the PDL?
0.05-2 mm
0.15-0.38 mm
1-2 mm
2-4 mm
The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _____ days.
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-13
Which of the following best defines perikymata?
Termination of dentinal tubules in enamel.
Alternating dark and light bands of enamel rod groups.
Growth lines visible as ridges on the surface of enamel.
Lines that result from the rhythmic recurrent deposition of enamel.
Perikymata are found in which location?
Cusp tip
Cervical third of the root
Middle third of the crown’s lingual aspect
Cervical third of the crown’s facial aspect
Which cell type is predominant in the cell-rich zone?
Fibroblasts
Osteoblasts
Erythroblast
Odontoblasts
The odontogenic zone is composed of a cell-free zone, a cell-rich zone, odontoblasts, and the parietal plexus of nerves.
True
False
The cell free zone is one of the four zones of the odontogenic layer and lies between the cell-rich and the odontoblast layers
True
False
Maintenance of the alveolar bone and cementum is reliant on which of the following
Resorption
Tooth function
Routine professional dental care
Periods of masticatory inactivity
Which surface of a molar is an ideal site for the colonization of oral organisms?
Mesial surface
Distal surface
Buccal surface
Occlusal surface
Which of the following defines the functional eruption phase?
The first phase of tooth eruption, which includes eruptive movements during crown formation
The final stage, which includes occlusion and possible wear of enamel
The process of initiation of root development into the oral cavity
The final stage, in which the teeth require adjustments relative to the bony crypt
______________ create and destroy collagen fibers, as needed.
Fibroblasts
Osteoclasts
Macrophages
Cementoblasts
Which are the most numerous cells of the PDL?
Cementoblasts
Osteoblasts
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
The two movements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are
Gliding and hinge.
Superior and inferior.
Medial and lateral.
Anterior and posterior.
Which ligament attaches to the lateral part of the disk?
Stylohyoid
Stylomandibular
Sphenomandibular
Temporomandibular
The upper compartment of the temporomandibular cavity is bound superiorly by the articular fossa and inferiorly by th
Head of the mandibular condyle.
Articular disk.
Articular eminence.
Temporal bone.
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial stage
S phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
Prophase
What layer of ectodermal cells gives rise to teeth #A-T?
Successional lamina
Dental lamina
General lamina
Lamina dura
Which of the following arises from the FIRST pharyngeal arch?
Inferior hyoid
Laryngeal cartilages
Muscles of mastication
Muscles of facial expression
Fusion of the reduced enamel epithelium with the oral epithelium forms the______ near the CEJ.
Periodontal ligament
Junctional epithelium
Trabeculae
Fundic
Connective tissue proper is classified as ______________
Dense, striated, or smooth
Simple, stratified, or squamousdense
Dense, loose, or loose with special properties
Dense, elastic, or elastic with special properties
Blood vessels in the THIRD pharyngeal arch form the __________.
Dorsal aorta
Common carotid arteries
Pulmonary blood vessels
Dorsal aorta, common carotid arteries, and pulmonary blood vessels
After the tooth is formed, the dental papilla becomes:
The dental pulp
The dental sac
The bone
The enamel organ
Each tissue originates from mesoderm, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Bone
Liver
Blood
Muscle
All body sensations of the CNS are relayed to the ______ and the _______
Brain; spinal cord
Afferent; efferent systems
Voluntary; involuntary muscles
Sympathetic; parasympathetic divisions
______ are white blood cells that defend the body against bacteria. ______ are suspended in plasma and help in clot formation. ______ are red blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs.
Platelets, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets
Leukocytes, Platelets, Erythrocytes
Leukocytes, Erythrocytes, Platelets
The thyroid gland descends to the front of the trachea, attached to the tongue by the thyroglossal ________.
Duct
Cyst
Fistula
Swelling
Lamellae are cracks in the surface of enamel and are visible to the naked eye.
True
False
What types of cells does the pulp contain?
Fibroblasts, odontoblast, endothelial cells, blood cells
Fibroblasts, odontoblasts, collagen cells, blood cells
Fibroblasts, odontoblasts, ameloblasts, endothelial cells
Fibroblasts, ameloblasts, endothelial cells, blood cells
Most pulpal nerve endings are in what area?
Tooth root
Odontogenic zone of pulp horns
Predentin
Apical foramen
Accesory canals may result from vessels that have obstructed ____________ formation
Pulp
Apical foramen
Dentin
Enamel
In ___________ teeth, accessory canals are prevalent in the furcation zone; whereas in __________ teeth, accessory canals are located at the apical third.
Permanent; primary
Maxillary; mandibular
Mandibular; maxillary
Primary; permanent
What is the percent of collagen in cementum?
45-55 %
50-55 %
55-60 %
40-50 %
Odontoblasts produce which type of collagen?
I
II
III
IV
The Parotid salivary glands are the largest salivary glands
True
False
Eleidin, a transparent protein, is found in the vermillion border of the lips.
True
False
Lining mucosa covers which structure?
Hard palate
Alveolar ridges
Floor of the mouth
Surface of the tongue
Which type of taste sensation is recognized by taste buds throughout the oral cavity and activation by glutamate?
Sweet
Sour
Bitter
Umami
Mantle dentin contains larger collagen fibers than circumpulpal dentin.
True
False
Which type of dentin separates mantle dentin from circumpulpal dentin?
Granular
Globular
Transparent
Reactionary
Which type of dentin is formed prior to tooth function and is the major component of the crown and root of the tooth?
Mantle dentin
Circumpulpal dentin
Secondary dentin
Tertiary dentin
Collagen fibers embedded in the alveolar bone proper are called ___________ fibers.
Alveolar
Gingival
Sharpey
Transseptal
Fenestration is best defined as which of the following?
Coronal border of the alveolar process.
Bone loss in the coronal area of the root.
Bone loss where the apical root penetrates cortical bone.
Bundle of collagen fibers embedded in the alveolar bone proper.
Which best defines dehiscence?
Bone loss in the coronal area of the root
Colorless, ischemic periodontal ligament
Compact bony lining of the tooth socket
Inclination of permanent teeth to drift mesially
The area of bone loss where an apical root penetrates the cortical bone is called a
Fenestration
Dehiscence
Marginal defect
Lateral fossa
Which of the following is characterized by thin, nonkeratinized epithelium?
Free gingiva
Median raphe
Interdental col
Filiform papillae
The apical foramen is slightly larger in _____ teeth.
Anterior
Posterior
Maxillary
Mandibular
Inflammation of the pulp may spread to the ______.
Dentin
Enamel
Predentin
Periodontium
During inflammation, lymphocytes and leukocytes can migrate into the gingival epithelium.
True
False
Lymphocytes and leukocytes appear most often beneath the junctional epithelium.
True
False
Children have ______ Palatine tonsils
Small
Large
Overdeveloped
Underdeveloped
All salivary glands can be classified as _____
Buccal, labial, or mixed
Serous, mucous, or mixed
Parotid, submandibular, or sublingual
Palatine, glossopatine , or sublingual
Plaque is more mineralized than calculus
True
False
Which organisms appears subgingivally?
Neutral
Aerobic
Gram-postive
Gram-negative
Buccal mucosa renews itself in ____ days.
1-2
3-4
5-9
10-14
Why is cementum insensitive to pain?
Cementum is more permeable than dentin
Dentin forms more quickly than cementum
Cells deep within the cementum are less active
Cementum has no nerve or blood vessel innervation
Which of the following best defines the term ankylosis?
Alveolar bone fuses with cementum.
The cementum fuses with underlying dentin.
Alveolar bone fuses with the PDL ligament.
The cementum of two adjacent teeth fuses together.
The jaw jerk reflex is a test for which structure?
Pterygoid muscle
Trigeminal nerve
Periodontal ligament
Temporomandibular joint
_______________ is (are) highly cellular, vascular, and neural.
Oxytalan fibers
Interstitial spaces
Periodontal ligaments
Fibrous connective tissue
Which is identified radiographically as the laminal dura?
Pulp
Cementum
Sharpey fibers
Alveolar bone proper
Which pharyngeal groove gives rise to the pouch that will become the external and middle ear?
First
Second
Third
Fourth
The heart begins beating at the end of which week?
Second
Fourth
Sixth
Eighth
Palatal development occurs during the __________ weeks of gestation.
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-12
Auricular hillocks develop near which location?
External ear canal
Tuberculum impar
Medial nasal process
Oronasal optic groove
Predentin calcifies to form dentin within ____ hours
12
24
48
72
Enamel is composed of ______ hydroxyapatite.
26%
53%
90%
96%
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