IPsec VPN
What is the purpose of the Security Association (SA) in IPsec?
To establish encryption keys
To create tunnels
To define the parameters of the IPsec connection
To route traffic
What mode in IPsec is used to secure communication between two hosts?
Transport mode
Tunnel mode
Host mode
Network mode
In a site-to-site IPsec VPN, which device typically handles the encryption and decryption of packets?
Client device
Router or firewall
Switch
Hub
Which IPsec protocol can be used alone to provide data integrity but not confidentiality?
L2TP
GRE
ESP
AH
In IPsec, what is the primary function of the IKE (Internet Key Exchange) protocol?
To encrypt data
To establish, negotiate, and manage Security Associations (SAs)
To authenticate users
To route packets
Which phase of IKE is responsible for establishing the IPsec SA?
IKE Phase 1
IKE Phase 2
IKE Phase 3
IKE Phase 4
In IPsec VPN, what is the role of Diffie-Hellman in IKE Phase 1?
Data encryption
Key exchange
Data integrity
Traffic routing
Which of the following best describes the term “Perfect Forward Secrecy” (PFS) in IPsec?
It ensures that a session key derived from a set of long-term keys cannot be compromised if one of the long-term keys is compromised.
It ensures data integrity
It provides faster encryption
It allows backward compatibility with older encryption standards
What does the acronym IPsec stand for?
Internet Protocol Sector
Internet Protocol Secure
Internet Protocol Section
Internet Protocol Secure Communication
What is the main purpose of the ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) protocol in IPsec?
To provide data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication
To route packets through a tunnel
To provide key exchange
To compress data
What is the role of NAT Traversal (NAT-T) in IPsec VPNs?
To allow IPsec traffic to pass through NAT devices
To compress IPsec traffic
To provide encryption
To manage Security Associations
What IPsec mode is commonly used for a VPN tunnel between two networks?
Transport mode
Tunnel mode
Direct mode
Mesh mode
In IPsec VPN, which protocol combination provides encryption, authentication, and anti-replay protection?
AH with MD5
ESP with AES and SHA
GRE with IPsec
L2TP with IPsec
What is the role of a preshared key (PSK) in IPsec VPNs?
To encrypt the data
To route the packets
To provide a shared secret for authentication
To compress the traffic
Which IPsec VPN configuration would you use to connect multiple branch offices to a central headquarters?
Full mesh topology
Point-to-point topology
Ring topology
Hub-and-spoke topology
What is the purpose of an access control list (ACL) in an IPsec VPN configuration?
To define interesting traffic that should be encrypted
To encrypt data
To define routing policies
To provide key exchange
Which command verifies IPsec VPN tunnel status on a Cisco router?
Show ip route
Show crypto isakmp sa
Show interfaces
Show ipsec sa
What would be the effect of mismatched IPsec policies between two peers?
Data will be transmitted in clear text
Traffic will be routed normally
The IPsec tunnel will fail to establish
The tunnel will use default settings
What is the purpose of using a Diffie-Hellman group in IPsec?
To determine the strength of the encryption key
To provide data confidentiality
To route the traffic
To define SA parameters
What would you use to ensure that a newly established IPsec VPN tunnel does not get reused for a different session?
AH protocol
Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)
ESP protocol
GRE tunneling
In which scenario would you use IPsec transport mode instead of tunnel mode?
When connecting two networks
When routing traffic through multiple VPNs
When end-to-end security between two hosts is required
When securing multicast traffic
What mechanism does IPsec use to protect against replay attacks?
Digital signatures
Encryption algorithms
Hashing algorithms
Sequence numbers
Which command is used to check the status of IPsec Security Associations (SAs) on a Cisco router?
Show crypto ipsec sa
Show ip route
Show interfaces
Show crypto isakmp sa
In an IPsec VPN, which component handles the actual encryption and decryption of data?
Control plane
Data plane
Management plane
Security plane
Which type of attack does IPsec VPN protect against by using authentication headers (AH)?
Man-in-the-middle attacks
Data replay attacks
Data tampering
Traffic analysis
In IPsec, what does the SPI (Security Parameter Index) identify?
The encryption algorithm
The specific SA
The key exchange protocol
The hashing algorithm
Why is IPsec considered a protocol suite?
Because it works at the application layer
Because it only handles encryption
Because it is a single protocol
Because it encompasses multiple protocols to provide various security services
What role does the transform set play in an IPsec configuration?
It defines the encryption and hashing algorithms to be used
It routes traffic
It compresses data
It sets the Diffie-Hellman group
Which of the following is a key advantage of using IPsec VPNs over other types of VPNs?
It operates at the network layer, providing security for all applications
It is faster
It does not require encryption
It operates at the application layer
What is a primary advantage of using IKEv2 over IKEv1 in an IPsec VPN?
Simpler configuration
Improved performance and reliability
No need for encryption
Supports more algorithms
What does the term “IPsec passthrough” refer to?
Encrypting IPsec traffic
Routing IPsec traffic
Allowing IPsec traffic to pass through a NAT device without being altered
Blocking IPsec traffic
Which command on a Cisco device is used to initiate a debug session for IPsec VPN troubleshooting?
Debug ip route
Debug ipsec sa
Debug interface
Debug crypto isakmp
What is the primary difference between ESP and AH in IPsec?
ESP provides confidentiality, while AH does not
AH provides confidentiality, while ESP does not
Both provide confidentiality
Both provide no confidentiality
In a real-world scenario, what would likely cause an IPsec VPN tunnel to drop intermittently?
Proper configuration of all parameters
Mismatched lifetimes of Security Associations
Consistent network performance
Sufficient bandwidth
Which of the following is used to establish the initial communication in an IPsec VPN?
ESP
AH
IKE Phase 2
IKE Phase 1
What is a likely symptom if two IPsec VPN devices are using different Diffie-Hellman groups?
The IPsec tunnel fails to establish
The tunnel is established but data is corrupted
The tunnel works perfectly
Traffic is routed in clear text
What command would you use to generate debug output for IPsec phase 2 on a Cisco device?
Debug ip route
Debug crypto ipsec
Debug interface
Debug crypto isakmp
Which of the following would be a reason to implement IPsec VPN between branch offices?
Simplified routing
Decreased latency
Secure communication over an insecure network
Increased bandwidth
How does IPsec ensure that data has not been tampered with during transmission?
Using hashing algorithms
Encrypting data
Compressing data
Routing data
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