P&A Test (Sensory)

This is typically found incidentally usually, and this a defect in the spinal cord, and approximately 10-20% of humans have it. Symptoms can sometimes be seen on the skin above the spinal defect. They include an abnormal tuft of hair, a birthmark, or a protruding spinal cord tissue. This is caused by meningomyeloceles (i.e. Neural tube defects), and surgery can help but the deficit will still remain.

Another neural tube defect, this emphasizes the importance of folic acid vitamins in pregnancy. Can be discerned by measuring alpha fetoprotein/AFP in serum or amniotic fluid to discern neural tube defect. These poor babies generally only survive a few hours because their head is so small.

Cerebral Hemispheres

Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Pituitary, Pineal Gland; also part of the prosencephalon (the forebrain)

Cerebral peduncles, aqueduct of Sylvius, corpora quadrigemina; is also part of the prosencephalon (i.e. The forebrain)

Pons, Cerebellum; is also part of the rhombencephalon (or hindbrain)

Medulla Oblongata

Neural crest cells will become the

Functions of the Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Ions in the CSF

This is where you can feel the carotid pulse, and it is formed by the middle cerebral artery, anterior choroidal after, and the basillar artery

Is an infection of the meninges (i.e. the CSF would be the diagnostic of a problem)

These are 3 layer membranes (i.e. The dura mater, pia mater, and the arachnoid)

Kernig's Sign

This is when the brain begins to be discernible (i.e. The forebrain, midbrain, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum, and the lumens become the ventricles).

The brain is becoming fully developed

This is 90% of the mass of your brain

These are the valleys of the brain

These are the ridges/humps of the brain

This is deeper than a sulci, so basically this is a deep divide

This is called a sulcus when actually it is a fissure ;)

These are two layers (dense Irregular connective tissue and then an epithelium)

These are 3 layers (outer table, inner table, and an inner layer). WBC's and and RBC's make up this inner layer

The "strong momma"; this is made up of Irregular Connective Tissue.