Quiz 1 OCE 4008 Final Exam Study Guide

There were multiple sources of water that contributed to the ocean. How was the majority of the ocean's water formed?

The condensation of a cloud composed of dust and gas from exploded stars

The condensation and cooling of water vapor

The infiltration of comets

Run-off from continental land masses

What key characteristic marks the beginning stages of the collapse of a star?

The increase of temperature

The depletion of carbon and oxygen

The depletion of hydrogen

The expulsion of energy

What caused Earth to partially melt when being formed?

Impact of asteroids, comets, and debris

Gravitational Compression

Accumulation of decaying radioactive elements

A combination of all of these choices

What was the main requirement for the development of life on Earth?

Exposure to sunlight

Absence of free oxygen

Simple Sugars

Energization from electrical sparks

Why is biosynthesis unlikely to occur today as it did in Earth's youth?

Living organisms have altered oceanic and atmospheric conditions

There is less available oxygen in the atmosphere

Ozone is less protective from the sun's influence

The ocean’s do not contain enough free iron

A marine scientist is studying the amount of dissolved oxygen in a particular area. They are attempting to connect the data with the type of organisms found in that area. What kind of marine scientist might they be classified as?

Physical oceanographer

Chemical oceanographer

Marine biologist

Marine geologist

The composition of the Milky Way does not include:

Stars

Gases

Dust

Galaktos

What process accounts for the layers found in Earth?

Plate tectonics

Accretion

Density stratification

Subduction

How old are fossils that indicate the first life forms on Earth?

Between 1.2 and 1.5 billion years old

Between 2.6 and 2.7 billion years old

Between 3.4 and 3.5 billion years old

Between 4 and 4.2 billion years old

____ is a critical aspect of science.

The ability to operate in reverse

The ability to be refined with new information

Looking at data rather than being told

All of these choices are critical aspects of science

What had the most influence in irreversibly changing the Earth's atmosphere?

Formation of carbonic acid in the ocean

Production of oxygen from photosynthesis

Chemical breakup of water vapor by sunlight

Fluctuation in the atmospheric composition

A(n) ____ is a test involving manipulations made on conditions of a particular observation.

Hypothesis

Experiment

Theory

Scientific method

A(n) ____ is an explanation that can be tested by additional observations or controlled experiments.

Question

Science

Hypothesis

Scientific method

What process involves the clumping of small particles into larger masses?

Condensation

Coagulation

Secretion

Accretion

High levels of _____ could indicate life on other planets.

Free nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Free oxygen

Bound nitrogen

What forms heavy elements such as gold, mercury, and uranium?

A protostar

Condensation

A supernova

A solar nebula

How long ago did the big bang catalyze the beginning of the universe?

13.7 bya

1.37 bya

4 bya

40 bya

The scientific method is characterized as:

An orderly process in which theories are proved to be absolutely true.

An orderly process in which a test simplifies an observation in nature by controlling the conditions in which they are made.

An orderly process in which theories are verified or rejected

A testable speculation or explanation of a theory

Francis Bacon thought the continents were once joined together, even naming the single continent Pangaea and the surrounding ocean Panthalassa.

True

False

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