Comp 1 Exam

A parenteral drug route would include: A. Intravenous B. Intramuscular C. Oral
A Only
B Only
C Only
A and C
A and B
The medical term for the cardiac phase in which the ventricles of the heart contract is termed:
Relaxation
Diastole
Systole
Fibrillation
Which of the following microorganisms are most resistant to aseptic technique?
Molds
Yeasts
Bacillic Spore Bacteria
Streptoccoli
If the exposure rate of an X-ray beam is initially 50 R/min, and it requires 2 mm AL to decrease the exposure by one half, the half-value is:
1 mm AL
2 mm AL
4 mm AL
25 R/min
The magnification factor for a radiographic procedure is calculated at 1.25. It can be assumed that there is a _______ degree of magnification of the object size:
25%
125%
0.25%
1.25%
Detective quantum efficiency is a measure of ______ ______ and ______ ______ in a computed radiography system:
System noise, contrast performance
Edge enhancement, spatial frequency
Image blurring, dynamic range
Histogram equilization, data clipping
The quantity of X-ray photons delivered to the patient in a given exposure is PRIMARILY controlled by:
SID
Focal spot size
MAs
KV
The principle factors that affect the amount of scatter produced are mAs and the type of irradiated material:
True
False
If SID is reduced by 1/2, what must be done to mAs to maintain a constant density?
Increase mAs by 4 times its original value
Reduce mAs to 1/2 its original value
Reduce mAs to 1/4 its original value
Increase mAs by 2 times its original value
_____________ ______________ is an algorithm used in computed radiography to detect abrupt edges of exposure and non-exposure:
Data clipping
Collimator edge identification
Histogram equilization
Image stitching
What effect does increased kV have on contrast?
Increases contrast
Decreases contrast
No effect
An off-focused grid will produce:
Increased density along the periphery of the image
Decreased density in the center of the image??
Decreased density across the entire image
Decreased density along the periphery of the image
What effect does switching from a large focal spot to a small focal spot have on radiographic density?
No effect on radiographic density
Decreases radiographic density
Increases radiographic density
What effect does switching from a non-grid to a 12:1 grid have on contrast?
No effect
Decreases contrast
Increases contrast
An image of the abdomen was taken at 36” SID using 300 mA, 1/15 sec, and 80 kV. If the distance is changed to 48”, what new mAs would be required to maintain the same exposure?
11 mAs
15 mAs
27 mAs
35 mAs
Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the greatest radiographic density?
300 mA, 0.02 sec, 80 kVp
200 mA, 0.02 sec, 80 kVp
400 mA, 0.04 sec, 60 kvP
200 mA, 0.06 sec, 70 kVp
The absorption of primary beam radiation by the lead strips within a grid will produce an effect known as:
Grid cutoff
Grid frequency
Selectivity
Heel effect
The mathematical formula used to construct a digital image is called a(n):
Histogram
Algorithm
Post-processing enhancement
Matrix
In computed radiography, the latent image will lose about 25% of its energy in:
3 seconds
10 minutes
8 hours
24 hours
What effect does increasing collimating or decreasing field size have on radiographic density?
Increasing density
Decreasing density
No effect
What effect does an increase in mA have on contrast?
Increases contrast
Decreases contrast
No effect
When processing the latent image, the Computed Radiography (CR) imaging plate is scanned by a(n):
Laser beam
Ultraviolet light beam
Infrared heat source
None
What effect does a decrease in OID have on recorded detail?
Increases record detail
Decreases record detail
No effect
What effect does using a cylinder (extension) cone have on contrast?
Increases contrast
Decreases contrast
No effect
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when making adjustments to improve recorded detail?
Reduce focal spot size
Eliminate patient motion
Reduce OID
Increase mAs
Which of the following anatomical parts has the greatest subject contrast?
Kidney
Liver
Elbow
Esophagus
Scatter radiation adds exposure to the IR:
True
False
In digital radiography, ________ ________ differ among manufacturers and are a part of a broad range of values that reflect appropriate exposure for the anatomical part:
Log relative exposures
Average gradients
Exposure indicators
Step-wedge exposures
Which type of digital system uses a two-part process to convert incoming X-ray photons to an electronic digital signal?
Direct conversion
Proportional conversion
Inverse conversion
Indirect conversion
Assuming appropriate adjustments have been made to the technical factors, what effect does moving the IR from the table top to Bucky have on recorded detail?
Decreases recorded detail
No effect
Increases recorded detail
System noise in digital imaging is expressed by the spatial frequency-to-noise ratio:
True
False
A PACS is used to convert analog film images to digital images:
True
False
What effect does decreasing the source-to-object distance have on recorded detail?
No effect
Decreases
Increases
The relationship between exposure and SID is:
Directly proportional to the square of the distance
Directly proportional
Inversely proportional to the square of the distance
Inversely proportional
Which of the following grid rations will produce a radiographic image with the lowest contrast?
5:1
8:1
12:1
16:1
As OID increases and SID remains constant, entrance skin exposure:
Increases
Decreases
Unchanged
The output intensity for an X-ray unit operated at 70 kV, 400 mA, and 50 ms is 70 mR. If the mA selector is changed to 600 mA, 40 ms, which of the following is true?
The penetranility of the X-ray beam increases
The number of photons reaching the patient increases
Total filtration increases
Patient dose decreases
Which of the following facial bones form the hard palate of the oral cavity?
Vomer and palatine
Mandible and maxilla
Maxilla and palatine
Maxilla and vomer
The Petrous Ridges are part of what cranial bone?
Occipital
Frontal
Temporal
Sphenoid
A Submentovertex Al (SMV) projection of the skull demonstrates all of the following structures except the:
Zygomatic arches
Frontal bone
Sphenoid sinus
Odontoid process
Petrous ridges
In the mediolateral oblique position of the foot, the sole of the foot is rotated ____ degrees to the plane of the film:
15 degrees
60 degrees
30 degrees
45 degrees
Which oblique position will best demonstrate the left anterior ribs elongated?
Left lateral
LAO
RAO
RPO
In a properly positioned AP Axial projection of the skull (Townes Method) the:
Dorsum Sellae and Posterior Clinoid Processes will lie within the Foramen Magnum
Petrous Ridges will lie within the upper 2/3rds of the orbit
Petrous ridges will lie parallel to the plane of the IR in profile
Petrous ridges will lie below the floor of the Maxillary sinuses
The pointed terminal portion of the spinal cord at the level of T12-L1 is called the:
Filium terminale
Conus medullaris
Cauda Equina
Dorsal root
When performing the lateral projection of the scapula, the _____ is the closest to the IR:
Inferior angle
Vertebral border
Axillary border
Medial angle
To demonstrate the Splenic Flexure of the Large Intestine, the patient should be placed in the _____ position:
Supine
Lateral
RPO
LPO
Which of the following shoulder projections may be used to evaluate the proximal humerus in the lateral position:
External rotation
Neutral position
Interosuperior axial
Internal rotation
To demonstrate the lumbosacral junction in the AP position, (Ferguson Method) it is necessary to:
Direct the CR perpendicular to the film
Direct the CR 35 degrees cephalad
Direct the CR 15 degrees cephalad
Direct the CR 35 degrees caudad
Which of the following statements is false regarding the pancreas?
The Pancreas produces insulin from the Islets of Langerhan
The Pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland
The Pancreas produces enzymes which chemically break down fat
The Pancreas produces bile, which mechanically breaks down fats
The connection of two bones at a joint, held in place by fibrous connective tissue, is called
Epiphysis
Labrum
Ligament
Tendon
To demonstrate the first two cervical vertebrae in the AP projection, the _______ is placed _________ to the plane of the IR:
Orbitomeatal line/perpendicular
Midsagittal plane/at a 45° angle
Orbitomeatal line/at a 37° angle
Occlusal plane/perpendicular
If the IOML is perpendicular to the plane of the IR when performing an AP Axial projection of the skull (Townes Method), the CR should be angled how many degrees and in which direction?
37 degrees caudad
37 degrees cephalad
30 degrees cephalad
30 degrees caudad
An example of an amphiarthroidal (slightly moveable) joint is the:
Symphus pubis
Wrist joint proper
Sternoclavicular joints
Sutures of the skill
From the following select all that pertain to a correctly positioned RAO of the Stomach:
The duodenal bulb is best demonstrated on the image
The C-loop of the duodenum is best demonstrated on the image
Image demonstrates barium in the Fundus and air in the body of the stomach
The intervertebral Foramen of the lumbar spine should be well demonstrated
The Scotty dogs of the lumbar vertebrae should be demonstrated
Image demonstrated air in the Fundus and barium in the body of the stomach
The immovable joint formed by the frontal and parietal bones is the ____ suture:
Squamosal
Coronal
Sagittarius
Lambdoidal
The hormone cholecystokinin is produced in the the:
Kidney
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Liver
Duodenal bulb
Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR when a 30° RPO position is performed?
Left
Right
The transverse Foramen are located in which vertebrae?
Cervical
Sacrum
Thoracic
Lumbar
Which portion of the digestive system is mainly responsible for the absorption of water?
Small intestine
Liver
Stomach
Oral cavity
Large intestine
Which of the following projections of the elbow would demonstrate the Coronoid process free of superimposition and the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa?
Medial oblique
AP
Lateral oblique
Lateral
Which of the following organs is common to both the digestive and endocrine systems?
Liver
Pharynx
Pancreas
Spleen
In order to demonstrate the Glenoid Fossa in profile, the patient is:
Oblique 45 degrees away from the affected side
Placed with the humerus in external rotation
Oblique 45 degrees toward the affected side
Placed with the humerus in internal rotation
The optic foramen is located:
Poterior to the sella
Base of the orbit
Apex of the orbit
Base of the skull
The Lesser Tuberosity will be visualized in profile when performing the:
Lateral elbow
AP shoulder - internal rotation
AP shoulder - external rotation
AP elbow
An SBFT is considered complete when the column of barium sulfate enters the:
Ileum
Sigmoid colon
Cecum
Jejunum
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