Chirurgie A(1-51)
Surgical Knowledge Quiz
Welcome to the Surgical Knowledge Quiz! Test your understanding of surgical principles, interventions, and patient management through a series of engaging multiple-choice questions.
- 56 challenging questions
- Covers various surgical topics including procedures, complications, and patient care
- Ideal for medical students, healthcare professionals, and surgery enthusiasts
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α§α¨ααααΆαααααΆααααΆααααααααα·αααααΊααααααΆααααααΌα( coronary artery disease)αα·αααΆααααααααααΌααααα·αααΆααααΆααααααΆαααααααααΆαααα
α‘αΎα (asymptomatic reducible inguinal hernia) α
ααααααΆαααααα
αα‘αΎααα·α ( requests an elective hernia repair). ααΎα’αααααααΌααααααααααΆαααΌα
ααααα
ααΎααααΈα’ααααΆααααααααααααααΆααΆαααααΆααααααααΆαα?
"ααααααΆααααααΌαα
ααααΆαααΆαααααΆααααΈααααααΌα ααααΆαα Coronary artery bypass αααΆααα·α
ααΈαα/ (Coronary artery bypass surgery 3 mo earlier)"
ΑαΆααααααααα·αααααΆααΈ (A history of cigarette smoking)
ΑααααααααααΌα αααΌα‘αΆ (Jugular venous distension)
ΑαΎαααΆα (Hypertension)
ΑαΎαααααΆαααααα»αααΆα (Hyperlipidemia)
ΑααααααΆαααααΆααααΎαααα (celiotomy), ααΆααααααΆααααααααα»ααααΆα α
αααΆαααααααααααααααααααααααααΆαα·α?
Ααααααααααα€αααα ααααααααΌα
αααααα’α€αααα αα·ααααααααααααααααΆααααα’αΆα αΆαααΎαααααΌαα
Ααααααααααα’α€αααα ααααααααΌα
αααααα€αααα αα·ααααααααααααααα£αααα
Ααααααααααα£αααα ααααααααΌα
αααααα£αααααα·ααααααααααααααα£αααα
Ααααααααααα’α€αααα ααααααααΌα
αααααα’α€αααα αα·ααααααααααααααα’α€αααα
Ααααααααααα€αααα ααααααααΌα
αααααααααΆαααα½α
ααααΆα αα·ααααααααααααααα’α€αααα
ΑαΎααααααααααΆαααα½αααΆαααα’αΆα
αα½αααααααΈαα·αα’ααααααααΊα’ααααααΆαααΌαααΆααα?
ΑαΆααα’ααααΎαααΎααααΈ AIDS-related idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
ΑαΆαααααΆααααααααααααΎααααΈααΎαααααΌαα’ααααΈαα»ααααΈααΌααα αααΆα‘αΌααααααα (Colonic resection for perforation secondary to cytomegalovirus infection)
ΑαΆαααααααααααΆααααΎααααΈααααΆααΆαααΆααααΆααααααααααΆαα
Α
ααααααααααααααΆαα ventilator-dependent α
ααααα’ααααααααΊαα·ααΆααααααα αΎα
Α
ααααααααααααααΆαα ventilator-dependent α
ααααα’ααααααααΊαα·ααΆααααααα αΎα
Α’ααααααααΊααααΉαααααΎαααααΆαααααααΆααααα αΆααΆααααααααΆαααΆααααααααααααααΎααα·αααααΎαααΆα α’ααααααααΊααααΌαααΆαααααααααααΆααααΆαααααΆαααααΎααααΈαααααΆαααΆαα αΌαααΆαααααα ααααΆααααααΆααααα
αΌαααααΆααααΆααααα ( fresh frozen plasma)α ααΎααα’αααα»ααααα½αα’αα»αααααααααα»ααααααΆ?
Ααααααααα»αααααααααΆαα (The day before surgery)
Αααααααα»αααΆαααααΆαα (The night before surgery)
Αααα»αααααααα
αααααΆααααααΆαα (On call to surgery)
Αααα»ααααααααΆααβ (Intraoperatively)
Αααα»ααααααααααααΆααααααααααΆαα (In the recovery room)
"α’ααααααααΊαα»ααα’αΆαα»α₯α₯ααααΆαααΆααα»αααΆαααααααΆααααΆαα αααααααααΆααααααΎααα½ααααααααΆαα£αααα ααααααααααΎα ααΆαααΆαααΆαααααΆααααΆα αΌαα
ααααΈαα»αααα½αααα αα»αααα½αααα
ααα’αΌααααααΆαααΎααα
αΉαααααααα‘α αααααΈαααααα ααΆα
αα
ααααΈααααΆ ( upper midline abdominal fascia) ααα’αααα»αααΎααααΌααααααα½αααααΎα’αααΈ? "
ΑαΆααααααα
αααα·ααα·ααα»αααα½ααααααααααααααΈαααΎα
Α
αΆααααααΎαααααΎα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·αααΆααααααααα
Α
αααΉαααααααα Scultetus
Ααααα»αααα½αα‘αΎααα·ααα
ααααααααααΆαα
ΑααααΆαααΎαααα (Bed rest)
ΑααααααΆαααα αΆααΈααααααααααΈααααΆ (sigmoid colectomy)α₯αααα αα»αααα½αααααΆα
αα
ααααΈααααΆαα·αααΆαααα
α
ααααΆαααΆαααααΆααααΆααΆα
αααΎαα αα·αα·ααααα»αααα½α ααΆα
αα
ααααΈααααΆαααΆαααααΆααα ααΆαααααΆααΆααααα ααα’αααα»ααααα½αααααΎα’αααΈ?
ΑαΎαααΌααΆααα»αααα½αααΎααααΈαααα αΌαααΆααααααα
ααααΈαα»αααα½α
ΑαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆααα
ααααα»αααααααα·ααααααααΆαααααααααααΎα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·ααααααα
ΑαααΎααααα·αααααΉαααααα»αααα½αα‘αΎααα·αααααααα»ααααααααα
ΑααααΌααααααααα
ααααααααααΆααααααΆα
Α’αα»ααααααΆαα
αααΉαααααααα Scultetus binder
ΑαααααααΆαα·αα
αααααααααααααΆααααΆααααααααΆααααΆααααααΆαααααα·ααααααΆααααα
αΌαααΆαααΊ?
Α‘αΎαααααα
(Hypothermia) αααα½αα‘αΎααααααΆααααααΆαα
ΑααααΆαααΆαααΎαααααα (Hypertension)
ΑαΉααααα
αααΎα (Polyuria)
Α αΌαααΆααα»αααααααΆ (Abnormal bleeding)
Αααααααααααααααααααα
αΌαααΆα (Hypesthesia at the transfusion site)
ΑαααΌαααααααααΆαααα½ααααααααΆαααα
α·ααααα»αααΆααααΎαααααααΆα’αααΈαα½ααΆααΈααΆααα α
ααααα’ααααααααΊαααααΆαααααΎααααΆα αααααΆαα αααΆαα¬ααααΆααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα?
APTT
PT
ΑαααααααΉαααΈα‘αΆα (Reptilase time)
ΑαααααααΆαα αΌα (Bleeding time)
Αααααααααα»ααααΈα (Thrombin time)
ΑαΆαααΆαα»αααααΆαααααΌααααα’αα ααααααααααααΆααααΊα
ΑαΆαααΆαα»ααΆααΆααΆααα’αΆααΈααΌα’αΆαααΈα
ΑαΆαααΆαα»αα·ααααααΆααΆααΆααα’αΆααΈααΌα’αΆαααΈα
ΑαααΌα (Ketone)
ΑαααΈααΌααα (Glycogen)
Αααα»αααΌα (Glucose)
ΑαΆαααααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααΆααααα§ααααααααα»αααΆαααααααΆααααα ( laparoscopy) ααΎαααα·αα’αα»ααααα
ααααα’ααααααααΊααΆ?
Α’ααααααααΊαααα αΎαααΉααααααααα½ααααααΉαααααααααααΆααααΆαααααΎα
Α’ααααααααΊααΆααααααααΆααααααααα½ααααααα½αα
αΆαααα
αααααΆααααααΌααααααααΆαααααα
Α’ααααααααΊαααααΆααα»αααααΆα
ααα
ααααΆαααααα
ΑαααααΈαααααααααααααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
α’αΆααααααΆααα·αααΆααααα»ααααα
Α’ααααααααΊααα»αααα
αΆαααααα»ααα
αααα»ααααααααααααααααααααααααααααααΆαα
α·ααα
αΉααα
αααααα(intestinal ischemia)
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α’α£ααααΆααααααααααΆααααααααααΈαααΌα’ααΈαααΆααααΌααααααΆαααΆαααΈααΌαααΆ (carcinoma)αααααα ααΈαααΌα’ααΈαα αααααααααΆααααΆαααΈααααα ααΆααα
αΆααααααΎαααα’αΌαααΆααΆαα’αΆααααααα
αΆααααααααα
ααααΆααααΈαα ααΆααααΆααααΆααααΆαααααααααΆαααααΆααα αΎααααααααααα’αΌαααα½ααααααΎα ααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΌαα
αΆαα ααααΎααααΆαααΌα
ααααα
?
10 mL αααΆαααααααΌαααα»αα αααΆα 10% α
αΆααααΆααααα
ΑαΈααΆααΈααα (D) ααα
100 Β΅g Synthroid ααα
Αααααααα
αΌαααΆαααααααΆααααααΌααααα»αααΌααΆα (Calcium Gluconate)
ΑαΆααααααΌααααα»αααΌααΆαααα (calcium gluconate)
ΑααααααΆααααααΌααααα»αααΆαααΆααΆααα½αααααααΆαα½αα (Hypocalcemia is associated with)
Α’αΆαααΈαααΌααααΈα (Acidosis)
ECG: α
ααααα QT ααααΈ (Shortened QT interval)
Αααα·α αααΆαααααααΌααααα»αααΆαα
α»αααΆα (Hypomagnesemia)
Αααα αΆαααΆα
ααα»ααααααΌα (Myocardial irritability)
Αααα·αααααΌααα’ααΈααααα»αααΆαααΎαααααα (Hyperproteinemia)
ΑαΆαααΆαα»ααΆααααα»αααΆαααΆααααααΆαα’αα‘α·α
αααααΈα (Na+, K+, C1β) ααΌα
αααα»αααΈαααΎαα‘αΆααααΆαααΊα
ΑαΉαααΆαα (Saliva)
ΑαΆαααΆαα»ααΆααα
αααα»αααααααααΌα
(Contents of small intestine)
ΑαΆαααΆαα»ααΆααα
αααα»αααααααααααΆαααααΆα (Contents of right colon)
ΑαΆαααΆαα»ααΆααααα
αααααααααα (Pancreatic secretions)
ΑαΆαααΆαα»ααΆααααα
ααααααααααα¬ααααααα (Gastric juice)
ΑαΌαα»ααααα»αααΈααααααααΌαααΆαααααααΎααΉαααΆααααΎααααΈαααααΆαα»αααααΆαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆααα·αα’αα‘αΎα
ααααΌααΈα αααα»αααΆαααααΆααΆαα’ααααααααΊαααααααααΆααααΊαα·α
ααααααΌα₯%αααα»αααΌααααΌααααααΈα 0.9% (5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride) αα·α ααΌαα»ααααα»αα‘αΆααααΆαααΈαααΎα ( lactated Ringerβs solution) ααΎααααααααΆααααααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα
ααΎ 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline ?
ΑαΆααΆααααα»αα’ααΈααα»αααΌααααΌαααΌα
ααΆαα½αααααΆααααΆααα
ΑαΆα’αΆα
ααααααααα»αααα·ααΆαααα
αααΎαααααα·ααααααΆαααααααααααααααα»αααααΆαα’αΆαααΈα-ααΆα
ΑαΆααΆααΆααααααΆαα’αΌααααΌαα·α (α’αΆααΆααα) ααΌα
ααααΆααΆαα½αααααΆααααΆ
ΑαΆααΆα pH ααααΎααΉα 7.4 (It has a pH of 7.4)
ΑαΆα’αΆα
αααααΆαα’αΆαααΈαααΌα (It may cause a dilutional acidosis)
"ααΌαα»ααααα»αααΈααααααααΌαααΆαααααααΎααΉαααΆααααΎααααΈαααααΆαα»αααααΆαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆααα·αα’αα‘αΎα
ααααΌααΈα αααα»αααΆαααααΆααΆαα’ααααααααΊαααααααααΆααααΊαα·α
ααααααΌα₯%αααα»αααΌααααΌααααααΈα 0.9% (5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride) αα·α ααΌαα»ααααα»αα‘αΆααααΆαααΈαααΎα ( lactated Ringerβs solution) ααααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα αααα
ααΎααΌαα»ααααα»αα‘αΆααααΆαααΈαααΎα ? "
ΑαΆααΆααααα»αα’ααΈααα»αααΌααααΌααααααααΆαααααΆααααΆ
"ααΆαααααααααα»ααααα»αααΆααααα½αααΆαααΆαααααααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαααΆαααααααα»ααααααααΆαα ααΆαα
αααα»α"
ΑαΆααΆααααααΆαα’αΌααααΌαα·αααΌα
ααΆαα½αααΉαααααΆααααΆ
ΑαΆααΆαpH ααΆαααΆα7.0
ΑαΆα’αΆα
ααααΎα’ααααΆαααααΆααΌααΈαα’αΆαααΈαααΌααααΆαααααΆαα
ΑαααααααΆαα·αα
αααααααααααααΆααααΌααααααΎαααΆαααΆαα½ααααααΊ sepsis ααΊα
Αααα αΎαα’αΆαααΈαααΌαααΈα (Respiratory acidosis)
Ααα·ααΆαααΆααααα
ααααΈαααααΌαααΆα (Decreased cardiac output)
Αααα·αααΆαα·αααααααα»αααΆαααΆα (Hypoglycemia)
Α’α»ααααΈααααααα»α α’αΆααααα·αααααααΆαααΆααα»αααααΆααΆααααααααΆααα‘αΎα
ΑαααααΆαααααααααααααΈα
ΑαααΎαααΎααααΆαααΆαα» (αα·αααΆ meq/L)αα
αααα»αααααΌαααααΆαα’αΆα αΆααααααΆααααΆαααΆαα’ααΈααα»αααααΉαααααΌα (αααα»αααΉαααΆαα) (ααααΎαααΎαααααΌααααααα½α)
Na=140 , K=5 , C1=104 , HCO3=30
Na=140 , K=5 , C1=75 , HCO3=115
Na=60 , K=10 , C1=130 , HCO3=0
Na=10 , K=26 , C1=10 , HCO3=30
Na=60 , K=30 , C1=40 , HCO3=50
ΑαααΎαααΎααααΆαααΆαα» (αα·αααΆmeq/L)αα
αααα»αααααΌαααααΆαα’αΆα αΆααααααΆααααΆαααΆαα’ααΈααα»αααααΉαααααΌα (αααα»αααααααα) (ααααΎαααΎαααααΌααααααα½α)
Na=140 , K=5 , C1=104 , HCO3=30
Na=140 , K=5 , C1=75 , HCO3=115
Na=60 , K=10 , C1=130 , HCO3=0
Na=10 , K=26 , C1=10 , HCO3=30
Na=60 , K=30 , C1=40 , HCO3=50
(ααααΎαααΎαααααΌααααααα½α) (αααα»αααααααααΌα
) (ααααΎαααΎαααααΌααααααα½α)
Na=140 , K=5 , C1=104 , HCO3=30
Na=140 , K=5 , C1=75 , HCO3=115
Na=60 , K=10 , C1=130 , HCO3=0
Na=10 , K=26 , C1=10 , HCO3=30
Na=60 , K=30 , C1=40 , HCO3=50
ΑαΌαα ααα»αααΈααα·ααααΆααααΆαααααα’α»ααααΈααααααα»αααΆααα½αααΆαα½ααααααααΉαααΆααααΆααα?
Ααααααααα αΎαααΆα (Hypoventilation)
ΑαΆαααααΆαα’α»ααααΈαααα
αΌαααΌαααααα½ααα·ααααααα
ΑααααΆαααααααααα αΎααα·αααααΎααααΆ (Ventilation-perfusion inequality)
ΑαΆαααα
ααααΆααααα»ααα½α (Pulmonary shunt flow)
ΑαΎααααα·ααααα·ααΆβαααα α 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPT)
"ααΆααΌαα
ααΎααααΈα’αα»αααααααΆαααααΆαααα½α ααααααΌααααααααααααααα αΎααααΆαααΌα
ααααα
? (Generally accepted indications for mechanical ventilatory support include)"
ΑαααΆα O2ααΆαααΆα70 kPa αα·α PCO2 αααααααΆα50 kPa αααααΉαααα·ααΆααΆααααα»ααααααα
ΑααααΆα O2 αααΆαααΌαααααα½ααα·αα’αΆααα αα»α ααααΆ 150 kPa ααααααααα αΎαααΆαα½α O2100%
ΑααααααΆα (α
ααα»α) ααΈαα·α40β60 mL/kg (Vital capacity of 40β60 mL/kg)
Α’ααααΆαααααΆαααααα αΎαααΎαααΈα£α₯αααααα»ααα½αααΆααΈ
Α’ααααΆααα
ααα½α dead spacetidal (VD/VT)ααΆαααΆα 0.6
Ααααα·αααααααααααΆααααΆααααααΆαααΆααααα
αΌαααΆααα·αααααΌαααααΆ ααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΉαααααΌααααα»αααΊα
Ααααα»αααΆααααα
ααααΉαααααααααααΎαααΆααΈαα»αα₯α % α
ααα½α 250 ml
ΑαααΆααΆαααΆαααααΆαααΉαααααααααΆαααΆαα»ααΆααα·ααααΌααΆααααΌα
ΑαααΎα’αααααα·αα’αΆαααΈαααΉαααααααααααΎααααΈαααααΆαααα’ααααΌααααΌαααΈααααα»αααααααααααααα
Ααααααα»αααα
ααΆαααΆα (foreign bodies) α
αα, ααΌα
ααΆ Foley catheters, αααααΆααΌαα ααα»ααααΎα’ααααΆααααα·ααΆαα αΌαααΆα
ΑαααααααΆααααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαααααΆααα
ΑαΎααααααΌααα½αααααααααααααααΆαααααΉαααΆαααααΌααααα αΎααα½αααΆ ααΎααααΈααααααΎαααααα·αααααΆαααααΆααααααααΌαα
ααΆαααααΌααααα αΎα?
Diethyl ether
Nitrous oxide
Halothane
Methoxyflurane
Trichloroethylene
ΑαΌαααΆααΈα (Dopamine) ααΆααααΆα αααααααΌαααΆαααααααΎααααΆααααΉαααΆααα
ααααα’ααααααααΊαααααααααααααα?
Αα
αααα·ααααααααΆαααααΎαααα αΌαααΆααα
αααΈααΆαααααΆααααα»α
"αα
αααα·αααααααααααΎαααα αΌααααα»αααααααΆααααααΌαααΌαααΌααα (coronary flow)"
Αα
αααα·αααΆαααΆαααααααααΏααααααΆαααααααΌα
Αα
αααα·ααΆαααΆααααΎα’ααααΆαααΊαααααααααΆαααα·αααααααα
α»α
ΑαΆααΆααΆααααΆααααααα
ααααΌαααΆααααΌααΆα‘αΆααΈα( catecholamine)
ΑαααααΆαααααα(ααααααΌα)αααα»ααααααΆαααΆαα αΌαααΆααααα½α
ααααΆαααΊ ?
Αααααααα αΌαααΆααααα»αααααααΆααααααΌααα·ααα½αααααΆα
ΑααααααΆααααααααΆααααΆα
ααα»ααααααΌα
ΑααααΈαααααααΆααααα»ααααααααααα·ααααΈααααΆααααα»α
ΑααααΎαααααΏααααααΆαααααα αΎα (Increased respiratory rate)
ΑααααααΆαααααΌαααααΌααααΌααα
αααααααα (Decreased renal sodium resorption)
Αα»αααΈα’αΆαα»α‘α¨ααααΆαααααΆααα‘αΎααααααΆααααα’αΆααα·ααα·ααΆααααααα αΎααααααα
αΆααααααΆααααααΈαααΈααΈαα αααααΆαααΆα 120/60 mm Hg αααααΆαααααααΌα 155 beats/min, αα·ααααααΆαααααα αΎα 30 breaths/minα ααΆαααααΆααΆαααΊα
Αααα
αΌαα’α»ααααΈααα (Intubation)
ΑαααΆα Epinephrine
ΑαααΆα Beta blockers
ΑαααΆα Iodine
Αααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆα (Fluid challenge)
ΑαααααΆα αααα»αααααααα
αΌαααΆα ααΆαααΆααα½αααααααΆαα½α α ( During blood transfusion, clotting of transfused blood is associated with)
ΑαΆααα·αα
α»αααααα»ααααΆααααα»αααΆα ABO (ABO incompatibility)
ΑαΆααα·αα
α»αααααα»ααααααα»αααΆααααααΆαα
ααα½ααα·α
(Minor blood group incompatibility)
ΑαΆααα·αα
α»αααααα»αααααααααααΆα Rh (Rh incompatibility)
ΑαΆααααα
αΌαααααααΆαα Ringerβs lactate (Transfusion through Ringerβs lactate)
ΑαΆααααα
αΌαααααααΆαα αα·α
ααααααΌα₯%αα·αααΉα (Transfusion through 5% dextrose and water)
Ααααα
ααααα’ααααααααΊαααααΆααααα»ααααααααααααααααααααΆαα ααααΌαααα½ααααα’αΆα αΆαα’ααααΆαααααΉαααααΌα ααΎα’αααΈααΆααααα»ααΆααααααΆααα’αααΈααΆαααααΉαααααΌααααααα’αΆα αΆα?
Αααα·ααααα
ααααΈααααΌαααααΆαααΉαααα (Urinary nitrogen excretion levels)
Αααα·αααααΌααα’ααΈαααα»ααααα»ααααααΌα (Total serum protein level)
Αααα·αα’αΆααααα»αααΈααααα»ααααααΌα (Serum albumin level)
Αααα·ααααα
αΌα transferrin αααα»ααααααΌα Serum transferrin levels
Ααα
αααααααα αΎα (Respiratory quotient)
ΑααααααααΆααααααΆαααΌαααααααααααααΆαααΆααΊαααα
αΌααα
αααα»αααααΌααααα αΎα ααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΌαααααΌαααααΎα’αααΈ?
Αααα
αΌααα»αααααα»ααααααααααα αα·αααΆαααΌαααααα (Tracheal intubation and suctioning)
ΑαααΆααΆαααααααααααΌα’ααΈα( Steroids)
Α
α·ααα
αΉαα’αΆα αΆααααααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαααΆααααααααα (Intravenous fluid bolus)
Α
αααα
ααααΈααΌααΈααα (Cricothyroidotomy)
ΑαααΆααα·αααααΆαααααααααα αΎαα
ααααααα (High positive end expiratory pressure)
"αα
αααα»αααΆαα’αα»ααααααα
αααααααααααα α’αααΈαααααΆα’αααα·ααΆα? (In performing a tracheostomy, authorities agree that)"
ΑαΆα
ααα»α strap α’αΆα
ααααΌααααααααΈααααΆ (The strap muscles should be divided)
Α
αααααααααααααΈααΌα’ααΈααα·αααααΌαααΆααααααΆαα (The thyroid isthmus should be preserved)
Αααααααααααα½αα
αααα
αααααΈα’ α¬ααΈα£
ΑαααΌαα
ααααΊααααΌαααΆαααααΉα (Only horizontal incisions should be used)
Α
ααααααααααααααααΉαααααΌαααΊααα
αααΎαα
αααα
ααααΈααΌααΈααα ααΎααααΈααααΎααΆααααααααααααααΆαα
"αααααΆαααΆααααααααααααΆαα α’αΆα
ααααΆααααΆααααααΆαα Central venous pressure (CVP) may be decreased by "
ΑαααααααααΆααααα»ααα½α (Pulmonary embolism)
ΑαΎαααα·ααΆαααΆα (Hypervolemia)
ΑααααΆαααααααααα αΎααα·αααααΆα (Positive-pressure ventilation)
Αααααα
αΌααααα»ααα½α (Pneumothorax)
Sepsis αααααΆαααα½ααααααααααΆαα’αα·αααααΆα (Gram-negative sepsis)
"ααΆααααα·αααΆα
ααα»ααα
αααα’αααα α’αΆα
αααααΆαααααΈααα½ααααααααααΆαααΆ? (Wasting of the intrinsic muscles of the hand can be expected to follow injury of the)"
ΑααααααααΆαααΌααΆ (Ulnar nerve)
ΑααααααααΆααααΆααααΆαα (Radial nerve)
ΑααααααααΆαααααΆαααΈαααΆαα (Brachial nerve)
ΑααααααααΆαα’αΆαααααΈα‘αΆααΈ (Axillary nerve)
ΑααααααααΆαααααΆαα·αα’ααΈαααΌααααΆ (Thenar and hypothenar nerves)
Αααα
ααΎααΆαααααααΎαααα½α ααΎαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
ΑαΌα‘αΆααααα
αααααΆα’αα·ααα·ααΆ αααα ααααΆαα½αα’αΆαα·ααααααααααα½α
ΑααΌααΌαααΈαααΎααα½ααΆααΈααααΆαααααα»αααΆαααααααΎαααα½αααααααΆ
Α αααΈααααΌααααΆαααα
αα»ααααα»αααα½α αααα»αα
αααααα’α€αα
α£α¦αααΆααααααααα½α
Αα½ααΆααΈαααααααΌααΌαααΈααααα»αααΆαααααααΎαααα½αααΊ ααααα·αααααα
ααααα
"α’αααα·ααΆαααααΆαααααααΎααα½αααΆααααΌαααΊααΆαα½ααΆααΈααααααααααΌα‘αΆ αααααααααα‘"
Αααα»αααααααα’ααααααα
αΆαααΆααα
αααα»ααααααααααααααααααααΆαα ααΆαααααααααα»αα‘α’ααααΆαααααΆααααααα αααα»ααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα αα·ααααΆααα
ααΆαααΎαααααααααααααΆααα»α( over the ball of his left foot)αα·αααααΆααααα αααααΌαααΆα αααααΉαα‘αΎαααΎαα
αααααααΆααααα»ααααα½αααΎαα ααααααααα»αα
αΆαααΆααΆααααααααΎααΈααΆαααΎααα»αααααα½αααααα ααΎαααααΆααΆαααααααααααααααΆ?
ΑαααΌααααααΈααααΌααααα αααααΆααα αααα (Clostridium perfingens)
ΑαααΌααααααΈααααΌαααααΆααΈ (Clostridium tetani)
ΑαααΆα αααΈα‘αΌααΌα (Staphylococcus)
Α’αααααΈααΈααααΈαααΆ (Escherichia coli)
ΑαααααΉαααΌααΌα (Streptococcus)
"ααΆααα·αααααΆααΆαααααα αα½αααΆααΊααΆααΆαααα½ααααααΆαααααα½ααα
αααα’αααα?The true statement regarding tendon injuries in the hand is "
"αααααα½ααααααααΆααααααααΆααααΆαα α
αααΆααααα
αααα
ααα’αΉαααααΆαααααααΆααααΈα‘ (Flexor digitorum superficially inserts on the distal phalanx) "
"αααααα½ααααααααΆααααααααΆαααααα
α
αααΆααααα
αααα
ααα’αΉαααααΆαααααααΆαααααααΆα (Flexor digitorum profundus inserts on the middle phalanx) "
"αααααα½ααααααααΆααααααααΆααααΆαα ααΎαα
ααααΈααΆα
ααα»α common muscle belly (The tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis arise from a common muscle belly) "
Ααααααααα’αααα»αααΎααααΈαα½ααα»ααααααα½αααα αααααα½ααα
αααα»α fibroosseous tunnel (zone 2)
"ααααΎαααΆαααααΆαααααααΎαααα½ααααααα½αααΊααΆααααΎααα»αααΆα
ααααααα½α (The process of healing a tendon injury involves formation of a tenoma) "
Α
ααααααααΈααΆααααααααΎαα½αααΆαααα
αΆαααα»αααΆαααα’αΆαααα½ααααααααα (ααααααα) ?
ΑαΆαααααααααααΆαα αααααΆααααα½αααααααΆαα
ΑαΆαααααΆαααααααΊααααααΌα αααααΆαααααΉαααααΆααααααΆ (mesh repair)
ΑαΆαααααΆαααα»αααΆα
αααα αααααΆααααα’αΆααα»αααΆα
ααααααααα
ΑαααΆααααααααααααααααααΆαα’αΆαααααα·ααα»α
"ααα½ααααααΆαααααΆααααΆαααααΎα αααααΆααααααααααΌα
αα·ααααααα αααΈα
αααΆ "
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆααααααΌαα
αΌααααααααααααααααααααΆαα ααααααααΆααααααααΎααααα’αΆααΆαα ααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆαα ααααΉααα·ααααααα‘αΎααααα α αα
αα»α, α’ααααααΎααααα αα·αααααΌα αα·ααααααααααΆαα ααΆαααααα·ααααα»αα’αΆ ααΆααα‘ααα‘α αααααΆαααΆαααααΆααα
α»α αααααΆαααααααΌαααΏαα ααΎααΆαααααΆααΆαααΌα
α
ααααΎαααΆαααααα αα½α ααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
Αα·ααα½αααααΎααααΆαα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·αααΉααααααα αααααααΆααΉααα½αααααα»αα’ααααΆαααΌαααΆαααααααααααααααααααΆααααααΆα
Α
αΆαααΆα
αααααΌαααααΌαα
ααααα’αΆαααΆαα·ααΆαα»ααα·ααααααΆαα’ααααΆααα αα
ΑαΆααααααααΆααα½α α’αα»αααααα αααααααΆααΆαααα½ααααααααααΆαααααααααα
Α
αααααα’αΆααααΆαααααΉαα£α¬ ααααΉαα’αααα
ααΆααΌαα
ααα’αα»αααααααα
ααααααΈα£ αα
ααΈα§ ααααααααΆα
ΑαΆαααααααααα
ααααααααΆα αα½αααααΌαααΆαααα’αα»ααααααααΆαααΎαααααΆαααααΉαααΈ αααα»αααααααααααααΆα ααΆαααααααΆαα·ααΉα
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌααααααααααααααααααααΆααααααααααΆααααααααΎααααα’αΆααΆαα ααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆαα ααααΉααα·ααααααα‘αΎααααα α αα
αα»α, α’ααααααΎααααα αα·αααααΌα ααααα
ααααααΆαα ααΆαααααα·ααααα»αα’αΆ ααΆααα‘ααα‘α αααααΆαααΆαααααΆααα
α»α αααααΆαααααααΌαααΏαα ααΎααααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌαα
ααααα’ααααααααΊαααΆαααΆαααΎααα?
ΑαααΎααααΆααααααΈαααΈααΈααααααΉααααααααΎααααΈαααααΆααα»ααα»α
Α
αΆααααααΆααααααΆαααααΆααΌαααΊαα·αα
αΆαααΆα
αααααΎαα·αααΆα’ααααααααΊααΆαα
αΆααααααΆααααααΆααα»ααααααΈααααΆα
ΑααααααΆααααααΆααααααΆαα¦α %ααααααααα»ααααααα½ααααααααΎα
αααΆαααααα©
Α’αΆααααΈααΆααααααααααααα»ααααααΆααααΆαααααααααααΆαα·ααΉαααΊα’ααααΆαααααααΆαααααααΌα
Αα½ααααα
αΌααα»ααααααααα αΎαααααΆαααΎααααΈααΆαααΆαααααΌααααα αΎα αα·ααααααα αΎααααα’α»ααααΈααα
ΑαΎααααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌαα
αααα carpal tunnel syndrome ?
ΑαΆααααααΎαααΆαα‘αΎααααααααΆααααααααα·α
ααΆαα
ΑαΆα’αΆα
ααΎαααΆαα‘αΎααα
ααΎα’αααααΆαααααααα
ΑαΆα
αααΎαααΆααΌαα ααα»αααααααΎα’ααααααΉααααααααΆαααΎαααΆα
αααΎααααα
ΑαΆα
αααΎααα½αααααααΆαα½α αααααΊααααααΆα (It is often associated with vascular compromise)
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆααααααΆαααααΆααααΊααΎααααΈααααα extensor retinaculum
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆα leukoplakia αα
αααα»αααΆααααΊα
Αααααααα½αααΆααα‘αΆαααααΌαααΆααα
αα ααΆαααα α§ααααααααα»α biopsy.
ΑαααΎα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·αααΉααααααα (Application of topical antibiotics)
ΑαααΆααΆααααααΆααααααΈαααα»ααααααΉαααΆα (Low-dose radiation therapy)
ΑαααΎαααΎααααααααΆααα’αααααααα (Ascertaining that dentures fit properly)
ΑαααΆααΆαααΉααααααααααααΆαααΆαα»ααΈααΈ
Αααα
ααΎααΆαα
α»αααααααααααα adrenal cortical ααΎααΆααα·αααααΆααΆαααααα αα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
ΑαΆααΆαααααΆααΆαααααααααααΌα’ααΈαααΊαα·αααΆαααααα·αααααΆα
ΑαΆααααααΆααΆααΆαααα·ααΆαααααΆαααΆαααΆααααα αΆααΈαααΈααααααααααα ααΌα
ααΆαα½α α¬ααα αα
ααΆαα ααααααα’αΆααααααΆαα
ΑαΆαα
α»αααααααααααα adrenal αααΆαααα (ααααΊ Addison) α’αααααααΊαα»αααααΆαα α’αΆα
ααΉαααΆαααααααααΆαα½αα
ααα½αα ααΆαα·αααααααα»αααΆαααααα ααΌααααΌαααααα»αααΆαααααα αα·ααααΌααΆααααΌααααα»αααΆαααΆα (hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia)
ΑαΆαααααΆααααααα·αααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΊα
α»ααααααααααααα’αΆααααααΆαααααΆαααα α’αΆα
ααΎαα‘αΎααααα»ααααααααΆαα
ΑαΌαα ααα»ααΉαααΆαααααα»ααααα»αααααα
αα
α»αααααα ααΊαααααααααΆα ααααααααααΈαααααααααΆα
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α£α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΆααα·αα·ααααααααααααΆααΌααααΆαααΎαααΈαα½αα ααΎααΌαααΆααααΆαααΌααααΆα ααα·ααααααααα½αααΆααααααΆ ααΎααααααΌαα’ααααααΎαααΈαααΌααααΈααααααα?
Αα»ααααααα»ααααααΆαα’αααααααα
αΉαααααΆαα’ααΈααααΈαααααα
Α
ααααααα»αααααΌα
ααααα»ααααααΆαα
ααα½αααααΎα¬ααΎαααΈα₯αααα»αα‘αααααΈααααααααΆααα
ΑαΆαα»αααΉααα½ααααα’αΆα
ααΆαααα
αα·ααα
ααααααααα
Αα»αααααΌα
αααΆαααΆαααΆαααααΆαα (Saucer-shaped microcalcifications)
Αα»ααααααααΉααα·αααααΎααΆα
αααΆα
αααΎα (Multiple round well-circumscribed breast densities)
Ααααα·αα·ααα
αααα ααααΊααΎααα»αααΆααααααααααΆαααΆααΈαααΌα’ααΈα αααα―αα―α (primary hyperparathyroidism)?
ΑααααΌαα’αΆαααΈαα αααΌαα αααΆααΆαααΎαααΈ 120 IU/L
ΑααααΌαα’αΆααααΆααΈαααΎαααΈ 120 IU/L
ΑααααΌαααΆααααααΌαααΎαααΈ 11 mg/dL
ΑαΆααααααΌααααα»αααΉααααααααα 100 mg/day
Αααα·αα’αααααΌααααΆαααΆααΈαααΌα’ααΈαααααα 5 pmol/L
ΑαΎαααααααααΌαααΆααΌααααΆααΈα (Somatostatin) αα
αααα»αααααααααΆαααΆαα½α ?
ΑαΆααΆαα(Inhibition)αααα·ααΆα’αΆααααααΌαααααΈααΆαα
ΑαΆααΆαα(Inhibition) αααα·ααΆα’αΆααα αααΆααααααα
Ααααα
(Stimulation) αααα·ααΆ antral gastrin ααααα
Ααααα
(Stimulation) ααΆααααα
αααααααα·ααΆαααα»ααααααααΎαααααααααΌα
(duodenum)
Ααααα
α
αααΆααααΌαααααΆαα’αΆα αΆα
ΑαΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααα αα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα αααα
ααΎ Cushing syndrome secondary to adrenal adenoma?
40β60% αα Cushing syndrome ααΆααα’αα αααααΆαααααΈ Adrenal adenomas
ΑαΆααΌαα
ααΆαααααΆααΆα lateralizing the tumors αα»αααααΆαααααααααααααΆαααΈααΈααΈαα αα·α ααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
αα·αααα½αααΆααααααααα
ΑαααΌαααααΎααΆααααα½ααα·αα·αααααααααα’αΆααααααΆααααΆααααααΆα
Α
αααααα»αααααααααΆ (αα·ααααα»αααααΆα) ααΆαααααΆααααΎααααααααΌαααΆαααα’αα»ααααααΆααΌαα
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆααααααααααΆαα αααααααΎαααααΈααΌα’ααΈα ααΊααΎααααΈαααααΆαααΆαα
α»αααααααα»αααΆαα’αΆααααααΆααΈα
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α€α ααααΆαααααΆααααΆααα»αααΈαα‘αα
α’αααααΈαααααααα
αααα»αααα α αα·αααΎαααΆαα αΎαααΌαααααα»ααα
ααααα ααα ααΎααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα’αααΈααααααα?
ΑαααΌααα·αα·αααα‘αΎααα·αβααααΆαααααααααα’αααααΌα
ΑαααΌαααΆαααααα»αααΈααα
αα·αα·ααααααα·ααΆααααΆα
ΑαααΌαααΌααααα»αααΈααα
αα·ααΆααααα·ααΆ
ΑαααΎα ααααα»αα’ααααααΌααΈ (Fluoroscopically) αααααααΎαααα»αααΆαααααΌααα
ααΉαααααααααΎααααΈαα·αα·ααααααα·ααΆ
ΑααααααααααΆαααΌααααΆα αααΈ αα·αααΆααααααα‘αΎααα·ααααααααα½αααΆααααααα
Αααα
ααΎ papillary carcinoma ααααααααααΈαααΌα’ααΈα ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα ααΆααααααα»α?
ΑαΆαααΆαααΆααα
αααΈααΆαααααααααααααΆαααααααα ααΆαααΈααααα
ααΉαααααααααΊααΏα ααΆααααΈα
αΌααα
αααα»ααααααααααα αα·α ααΈαααααααΆααααααΎαααΆαααΆαα·α
αα
ΑαΆααααααααα·αααΆαααΆααα
αααΈααΆααααααααααααα·αα’αΆα
ααΎαααΆαα‘αΎα ααααααααΎαααΆααΆααα ααΆααααΈααΌαααΆαααααααααΆα (carcinoma misleading)
ΑαΆαααΆαααΆαα
αΌααα
αααα»αααα’αΉα αα½ααααααααΉαααΆαα αα·αααααΆααα
ααΆααΆαααααααΆαααα’αΉα ααΆαα·ααα ααα’αΉαααα
ΑαΆα
αααΎαααααΆαααΆααα
αααα»αααΌαααααα»ααα
α αα
ααααΆαααΆαααα αα·αααΆαααΆααα
αααααααΆα ααΆααααααααα
ΑαΆαααΆαααΆααααΆαααΆαααα αα αα
αααααΆαααΈααΆαααααΌα
ααΆαααααΎα αα½α αα·ααα½αααα’αΉα α’ααααΆα’αααα’αΆα
αααααΆαα₯ααααΆα ααΆααααα ααα‘α %α
ΑαΎαα·αααΆαααα CT scanααααααααααΆαααΎ ααααΎααα»ααααΆααα£αααααΈαααααααα
αααα»αααααααα’αΆααααααΆαααααα
αααααα ααΎααα ααΆααααααΆααααααΆααα·ααΆααα·αααΆαααααΆααΆα ααααααΎα’αααΈααααααααΆααα?
Αα·αα·ααααααααα (Observation)
ΑαααΎ αααΈαααΌααααΈ ααΆααααΈααΈαααααααααααα»αααΆαααααΌα (CT-guided needle biopsy)
ΑαΆαααα»ααααΆααα
αα (Excision of the mass)
ΑαΆααααΆααααα
ααααΆααααΌα‘αΆααΈααααα»αααΉαααα
ΑαααΎααααααααααΈαα»α (Cortisol provocation test)
ΑαααααΈααααΆααααΆααα½ααααααααααΆαα ααα½ααα
ααΎαααααΌα ααααα»αααΉαα
ααααΌααααααα α ααΆααααααΉαααΆαααα½αααΆαα·ααΆααααΆααααααα ( fat necrosis of the breast) ααααααΆαα ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
ΑαααΎαααΆααα’ααααα’αααααααΊ ααΆααααααααα·αααααααα·α
Ααα½αααΆααΌαα
βαα·αααΊα
αΆαα αα·ααααΆααα
αα·α
ΑαΆααΆαͺααΆα ααααΆαααΆαα αΆααΈαααα
ΑαΆαα·ααΆααααα»αααΆααααα
ααα’ααααΆα
αααΈ (α¬α’ααααααΆααααΆ) αα αΆααΈααααααΆαα
Α’αα»ααααααααααααΆαααΆααααα
ααΒ (Excision exacerbates the process)
ΑαΆαααααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααΉαααααΌααααα»αα
ααααα’αααααααΊααααΆαααααααΆαα ααΎαααΆα, hypo kalemia αα·αααΆααα»αααααΆαααΎααααααααααα αα§αααααΈααααααααΊα
Hypernephroma
Cushingβs disease
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma
Carcinoid
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