Patho Midterm

Name:

Reversible bronchial airway smooth muscle constriction, airway inflammation caused by eosinophils and other inflammatory cells, and increased airway responsiveness to an assortment of stimuli are anatomic alterations associations with:

All of the following diseases are associated with mucus production EXCEPT:

What is the cause of barrel chest in obstruction diseases?

A “Pink Puffer” refers to a patient with:

A “Blue Bloater” refers to a patient with:

Which of the following would confirm the presence of an obstructive disease?

Which of the following is consistent with obstructive diseases and air trapping?

What ABG value would NOT be consistent with chronic ventilatory failure in COPD?

Your patient has status asthmaticus. They have shallow, labored breathing, wheezing, accessory muscle use, HR 120 bpm, and RR 8bpm. Which of the following ABG’s would you expect?

The patient has the follow findings: Inspections: thin, barrel chested, using accessory muscles, pursed lip breathingPalpation: Decreased tactile fremitus, and decreased chest expansionPercussion: HyperresonanceAuscultation: Diminished breath sounds with prolonged expirationsABG: Chronic ventilatory failure with hypoxemiaDLCO: decreasedThese findings are consistent with:

Your patient has the following findings:Inspection: Stocky, Overweight, peripheral edema, distended neck veins, productive cough with purulent sputum, digital clubbing, and cyanotic nail bedsPalpation: normalPercussion: normalAuscultation: crackles and wheezesABG: chronic ventilatory failure with hypoxemiaDLCO: normal Theses findings are consistent with:

Your 12-year-old female patient has the following findings:Inspection: HR 130, RR 28, accessory muscle use, pulsus paradoxus, cough with excessive thick, white sputumPalpation: decreased tactile fremitusPercussion: hyperresonanceAuscultation: expiratory wheezesABG: Acute alveolar hyperventilation with mild hypoxemiaPEFR: DecreasedThese findings are consistent with:

Your 75-year-old male patient has the following findings:Inspection: Increased HR, RR, and SpO2 88%, pursed lip breathing, barrel chested, cyanotic, coughing up large amounts of foul sputum that settles into 3 layers of a 24- hr periodPalpation: decreased tactile and vocal fremitusPercussion: HyperresonanceAuscultation: crackles and wheezingThese findings are consistent with:

Which of the following physiologic features contribute to Cor Pulmonale? 1. Polycythemia 2. Pulmonary vasoconstriction 3. Increased right heart work 4. Moderate to severe hypoxemia

Which of the following may be noticed about the breathing pattern of a patient with an emphysema episode?1. Prolonged expiratory phase2. May brace himself on table (tripod)3. Purse lip breathing4. May be unable to say more than a few words at once time/breath

Which of the following causes abnormal volumes and capacities in obstructive diseases?

If a beta2- agonist agent and an anticholinergic agent were administered concurrently to a patient during an acute asthma episode, what results would be expected?

Severe bronchiectasis is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

All of the following can be used in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis EXCEPT:

Which of the following are anatomic alterations of the lungs found with emphysema?1. Air trapping and hyperinflation2. Mucus plugging3. Decreased surface area for gas exchange4. Weakened respiratory bronchioles

Which of the following are anatomic alterations to the lungs are found with chronic bronchitis?1. Increased size of submucosal bronchial glands2. Destruction of pulmonary capillaries3. Chronic bronchial wall inflammation and thickening4. Bronchospasm

What finding on a chest radiograph would be expected during a prolonged asthma episode?1. Depressed diaphragms2. Increased AP diameter3. Asymmetrical lung fields4. Translucent lung fields

A patient comes into the ER with shortness of breath and wheezing. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate at this time?

A 7-year-old female presents to the ER with SOB, dyspnea, and accessory muscle use. Your immediate evaluation revels tachycardia, tachypnea, crackles, and strong cough with small amounts of green sputum. SpO2 of 85% on room air. Patient history includes an elevated sweat chloride test and chromosome 7 genetic mutation. The patient’s disease process is:

Which of the following are commonly cultured from the mucus in the tracheobronchial tree of a patient with cystic fibrosis?1. Klebsiella Pneumoniae2. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa3. Haemophilus Influenzae4. Staphylococcus Aureus

Which of the following conditions is common in Cystic Fibrosis?

Which of the following are associated with Status Asthmaticus?1. Increased airway resistance2. Responds well to bronchodilator therapy3. Acute ventilatory failure4. Rapid deterioration

Cystic Fibrosis patients can have all of the following EXCEPT:

After the inhalation of a bronchodilator, what percentage change in peak expiratory flow (PEFR) would be required to demonstrate reversible airflow limitation consistent with asthma?

Which of the following are used to confirm a diagnosis of COPD?1. Presence of a chronic cough2. Chronic exposure to environmental smoke3. Sweat chloride test4. Decreased FEV1 and FEV1%

A patient has a lung infection with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. What antibiotics should be used against it?

Your patient has rhinosinusitis, dextrocardia, and bronchiectasis. He is likely to have which of the following diseases?

A patient with long-standing bronchiectasis also has bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following blood test results would be expected?1. Decreased WBC2. Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit3. Decreased RBC4. Elevated WBC

What is the term for a fall in systolic blood pressure in excess of 10 mmHg on inspiration than on expiration?

In the United States, the primary factor leading to the development of COPD is:

A mother brought her 2-year-old son to the physician. He has been coughing up secretions and having wheezy breathing ever since choking on food 6 months ago. The physician diagnosed the boy with bronchiectasis. What could be the cause?

History: 17-year-old male student with 5th ED admission for acute SOB, cough with thick sputum. Physical: Patient agitated and in distress, severe wheezing and crackles on auscultationABG: pH 7.57, PaCO2 28 mmHg, PaO2 68 mmHg on 6LPM nasal cannulaLab: mucoid sputum contains plugs and spiralsWBC: high eosinophilsCXR: Mild hypertensionWhich of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

The respiratory therapist is monitoring the blood pressure of a patient in the ER and notes that the blood pressure is 15 mmHg less on inspiration than on expiration. Which of the following would most likely result in this finding?

After collecting a 24-hour sputum sample, the RCP notices that there are 3 layers to the sample. Which disease typically presents this characteristic?

Which of the following statements accurately describes emphysema?

Which of the following are associated with extrinsic asthma?1. Animal dander2. Mold3. Emotional stress4. Male gender

What type of emphysema creates an abnormal enlargement of all structures distal to the terminal bronchioles?

This disease process is known by the public as “Valley Fever”.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is most readily transmitted through:

All of the following may be causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema EXCEPT:

A patient has a pleural effusion related to her pneumonia. Which of the following should the RT recommend to treat the pleural effusion?

Breath sounds that indicate sputum and air colliding in the smallest diameter of the tracheobronchial tree would be described as:

A skin test is available to confirm which of the following fungal infections?

Which of the following are predisposing factors to aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and/or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract?1. General anesthesia2. Head trauma3. Seizure disorder4. Alcohol abuse

Fungal lung infections are usually spread by:

Management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema includes giving a patient which of the following types of medications? 1. Afterload reducer 2. Inotropic agents 3. Preload reducer 4. Chronotropic agents

After cleaning out his chicken coop, a farmer has developed a fungal lung infection. What type of infections is it most likely to be?

A patient who has an uncontrolled tuberculosis infection will show all of the following signs EXCEPT:

What part of the lungs are most commonly affected by a fungal infection?

A key feature of a productive cough with active TB as compared to active pneumonia is:

Which of the following pathogens microbes are responsible for Hospital Acquired Pneumonia? 1. Streptococcus 2. Staphylococcus 3. Haemophilius Influenza 4. Legionella 5. Klebsiella 6. Pseudomonas

A patient with pulmonary edema is cyanotic and complaining of difficulty breathing. What should be recommended by the RT?

An antifungal medication used to treat candida albicans is:

During the early stages of lung abscess, the pathologic process is identical to that of:

Bedside patient evaluation during active pneumonia would include which assessments? 1. Bradycardia 2. Hypoxemia 3. Dyspnea 4. Alveolar Hypoventilation

The drug of choice for the treatment of fungal lung disease:

All of the following are causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema EXCEPT:

The major pathologic or structural changes seen in the lungs with pulmonary edema include: 1. Atelectasis 2. Bronchospasm 3. High surface tension of alveolar fluids 4. Alveolar flooding

Physical assessment findings on a patient with pneumonia would include all of the following EXCEPT:

The 6 month drug treatment protocol for tuberculosis includes: 1. Amphotericin B 2. Isoniazid 3. Ethambutol 4. Rifampin 5. Penicillin 6. Pyrazinamide

In Which of the following ways is tuberculosis generally not spread?

Fungal diseases cause which type of pulmonary disorder?

Which of the following conditions can result in a lung abscess? 1. Penetrating chest wound 2. Septic embolism 3. Aspirated foreign body 4. Bronchogenic cyst

Risk factor predisposing a person to TB including all of the following EXCEPT:

A patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema would be expected to have all of the following chest radiograph findings EXCEPT:

The preferred stain that is used to identify the TB organism is called:

VAP is defined as pneumonia that develops:

Which of the following can cause pneumonia? 1. Bacteria 2. Viruses 3. Prions 4. Fungi

Major lung structural changes with pneumonia include: 1.Alveolar inflammation 2.Bronchoconstriction 3.Alveolar Consolidation 4.Emphysematic bulla

Which of the following can occur when tissue necrosis occurs in the lung abscess? 1.Fluid can rupture into a bronchus 2.Broncholithiasus can occur 3.Bronchospasm can close off the affected bronchi 4.Fluid can rupture into the intrapleural space

A patient has noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. What chest radiograph findings would be expected? 1.“Bat’s wings” pattern fluffy infiltrates 2.Normal cardiac silhouette 3.Fluffy densities near the hilum 4.Pleural effusion

A first line agent used to treat a TB infection is:

What medication is used to treat a person who has converted to a positive TB skin test but does not have active disease?

A patient has bilateral pneumonia. What findings can be expected on the CT scan? 1.Depressed diaphragms 2.Elongated heart 3.Air bronchogram 4.Consolidation

Overall, most cases of pneumonia are caused by:

The term for the types of ventilation reflective of a higher than normal CO2 in the arterial blood:

A patient with an advance pulmonary fungal infection has cor pulmonale. How will this manifest itself?

Your patient with pneumonia is experiencing acute alveolar hyperventilation. Which of the following would you expect? 1.High minute ventilation 2.Low minute ventilation 3.High PaCO2 4.Low PaCO2

Fungal infections of the lungs is closest in similarity to:

If a patient has pneumonia, which of the following can increase the risk of life-threatening illness or death? 1.Weakened immune system 2.COPD 3.Marfan’s syndrome 4.Heart disease

What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?

Your patient has been found to have TB in several organs of the body. What term is used to describe this situation?

Patients with pulmonary edema often awaken with severe dyspnea after several hours of sleep. What is this called?

What is the name of the protective wall that surrounds and encases lung tissue infected with tuberculosis?

Which of the following is/are associated with pneumonia? 1.Decreased tactile and vocal fremitus 2.Decreased PEFR 3.Increased VC 4.Dull percussion note

What ABG results would be consistent with extensive tuberculosis?

Name: