Advanced Respiratory and Endocrine Physiology Quiz
Advanced Respiratory and Endocrine Physiology Quiz
Test your knowledge on the complex interplay of the respiratory and endocrine systems with our comprehensive 55-question quiz. Explore topics including neuron fun
- 55 thought-provoking questions
- Multiple-choice format for easy answering
- Ideal for students and healthcare professionals
Identify right statements concerning neurons of the respiratory complex of the brain stem
VRG of nucleus ambiguous receive impulses from slowly adapting receptors of lungs. This firing evokes inspiration
They are located in medulla oblongata and pons of the brain stem
NTS receives input from chemoreceptors via sensory branches of the hypoglossal and trigeminal nerves
Inspiratory neurons of DRG project excitatory firing(?) via alpha-motorneurons to external intercostals and the diaphragm
Which of the following statements concerning transpulmonary pressure and lung compliance are true?
Transpulmonary pressure is inversely proportionate of airway resistance (AWR)
The normal compliance of the pulmonary tissue is 500mL of air per 1cm of water of transpulmonary pressure
Transpulmonary pressure is a pressure gradient between the alveolar pressure nd the pleural pressure
Transpulmonary pressure is a measure of non-elastic resistance of lungs
The greater is the gradient of transpulmonary pressure in time of inspiration the lower is the compliance of lungs
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a key enzyme in thyroid hormone synthesis. Its physiological activities are
Iodination of free tyrosine molecules soluble in colloid
Detachment of iodine from diiodotyrosine (DIT) and monoiodotyrosine (MIT)
Iodination of tyrosine residues of the thyroglobulin
Condensation of DIT and MIT of the thyroglobulin
Endocytosis and proteolysis of the colloid
Oxidation of iodide to iodine in the apical membrane of the follicular cell (thyrocyte)
Effects of thyroid hormones (THs) on cardiovascular system are
Activity of calcium ATP-ase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is proportionate to plasma level of THs
THs up-regulate number of beta-adrenergic receptors and their affinity for adrenergic ligands
Diastolic pressure is inversely proportionarte to plasma level of THs
Peripheral vascular resistance increases because of effect of intensified metabolism in tissues
Actions of gastrin are:
It decreases the rate of gastric empting
IT stimulates motility of stomach, small and large intestine
It inhibits secretion of pepsin
It stimulates growth of mucosa of stomach and intestine
Which of the following statements concerning intestinal motility are true
In entro-gastric reflexes signal from the colon and small intestine slows emptying of stomach
BER is a slow wave-like change of the resting membrane potential of approximately 15mV. It facilitates formation of spike potential which in turn excite smooth musculature to contract
Sympathetic system intensifies intestinal peristalsis. The process is mediated by muscarinic receptors
Submucosal plexus of the enteric nervous system controls intestinal motility
Which of the following statements properly concern muscarinic receptors
Some of them are sodium channels gated by acetylcholine
They are coupled to heterotrimeric G-proteins
Some of them are ionotropic receptors of the postsynaptic membranes of the neuromuscular junction
Except for M2 and M4 muscarinic receptor, all other classes are coupled to phospholipase C
Which of the following statements properly characterize ionotropic receptors
Some of them can autophosphorylate
Some of them produce IPSP, by direct opening of the cationic channels
Some of them initiate the transduction process resulting with the rise of the intracellular concentration of Ca2+
They abundandtly distributed in neurolemma of dendrites and bodies of neurons
Which of the following statements may concern adrenergic receptors?
They are all G-protein coupled receptors. They involve cAMP and IP3 signal transduction pathways
Some of them are chemically-gated channels
They are located in postsynaptic membranes of postganglionic sympathetic neurons
Alpha1-adrenergic receptor is linked to phospholipase C. Its activation produces vasoconstriction and contraction of gastrointestinal and urinary sphincters
They are embedded in cellular membranes of smooth and cardiac muscle cells as well as some endocrine cells
Which of the following expressions properly describe functions of the Turck solution
It stains organella of leukocytes
It develops hemolysis of erythrocytes
It swells leukocytes
It dilutes blood for easier calculation
It damages leukocytes for easier calculation of erythrocytes
Which of the following statements properly describe systems of the primary active transport:
Na/K+-ATPase has receptor sites for binding K+-ions on the portion that protrudes to the outside of the cell
SERCA pump is the cell membrane protein, pumping calcium out of the cell against concentration gradient
H+-pump is specific to intercalated cells of the late distal convoluted and cortical collective ducts of the kidney
Ca2+-ATPase of the cardiomyocyte pumps calcium against concentration gradient from cytosol to interstitium
In which of the following situations, the load of creatinine in ultrafiltrate (GFRcr) will increase?
In effect of increase of concentration of creatinine in plasma of blood
In effect of increase of the tubular secretion of creatinine
In effect of decrease of the tubular reabsorption of creatinine
In effect of increase of volume of the glomerular filtration rate
In effect of increase of the Tmax of creatinine
Which of the following statements properly concern Respiratory alkalosis?
In respiratory alkalosis, plasma buffers absorb excessive H
The reason of the respiratory alkalosis is excessive loss of CO2 due to hyperventilation
Metabolic compensation of respiratory alkalosis is renal conservation of bicarbonate and raised excretion of H+
Possible reasons of respiratory alkalosis anxiety, fever or high altitude
In respiratory alkalosis, plasma level of bicarbonate exceeds 30mEq/L (mmol/L)
Which of the following phenomena will be observed in effect of constriction of the afferent arteriole?
Effective filtration pressure in glomerular capillaries will decrease
Effective filtration pressure in glomerular capillaries will increase
Plasma flow will decrease
Plasma flow will increase
Glomerular filtration rate will decrease
Glomerular filtration rate will increase
Find proper terminations of the sentence: The renal clearance of…:
A substance is measured in mL/min
A substance is measured in mg/min
A substance is measured in mg/mL
Sodium is decreased by injection of aldosterone
Creatinine, at its plasma concentration of 0.4 mg/mL is lower than at a plasma concentration of 0.8 mg/mL
Which of the following sentences properly describe transcellular transport from the nephron tubule
Transcellular transport involves directly less ATP expenditure than paracellular one
Na+ transport is the driving force that enables reabsorption of most substances from tubules
Reabsorption of Na+ from the nephron tubule depends on osmotic gradient between the lumen of the tubule and the intracellular fluid
In transcellular transport, solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl- leave nephron tubules in process of so called solvent drag
Find right sentences concerning renal function
Clearance of glucose equals 180ml/min
Clearance of inulin is used to determine volume of plasma filtered in glomeruli
Tmax of PAH is used to determine RPF (renal plasma flow)
Tmax of inulin equals 0 mg/min
Acid-base blood parameters: pH – 7,51; pCO2 – 54mmHg; HCO3- - 31mmol/L characterizes
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Non-compensated
Partially compensated
Fully compensated
Which of the following part of the nephron tubule are highly permeable to water and solutes
The descending part of the loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Thick ascending part of the loop of Henle
Late distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following receptors are ionotropic
Ryanodine receptor and IP3
Rhodopsin receptor
PTH receptor
Nicotine receptor
Actions of gastrin:
It prdouces relaxation of gallbladder
It produces strong tropic effect on pancreas
It stimulates gastric emptying
It inhibits the rise of secretin through rise of bicarbonate synthesis
It stimulates secretion of the pancreatic rich in enzymes
Which of the following receptors are intracellular ionotropic receptors for cations?
IP3 receptor
Ryanodine receptor
Glycine receptors
GABAA receptors
Nicotinic receptors
Which of the following receptors are metabotropic
PTH receptor
IP3 receptor
IGF receptor (tyrosine kinase)
Adrenergic receptor (G-coupled)
Which of the following statements properly describes nicotinic receptor
It is a ligand-gated sodium channel
Activity of this receptor brings IPSP to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction
. It is a channel for small cations and anions. It is blocked by nicotine
Two molecules of a natural agonist are bound to alpha-subunits of the receptor
Which of following statements properly describes beta-adrenergic (β2-adrenergic) receptors?
β2-adrenergic receptor is a ligand-gated channel
Activity of some adrenergic receptors brings fEPSP to the postsynaptic membranes.
Beta-adrenergic receptors initiate transduction resulting with activation of adenylate cyclase.
Activation of beta -adrenergic receptors up-regulates synthesis of cAMP
Which of the following statements concern G-protein coupled receptors?
G-protein coupled receptors hydrolyses GTP, transferred from G-protein to the binding site of the recepto
Muscarinic receptor is an example of G-protein coupled recepto
All adrenergic receptors belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors
G-protein coupled receptors are metabotropic, they initiate formation of second messengers: cAMP or IP3.
Which of following events don’t match the signal transduction of the G-protein coupled receptor
Subunits of G protein interact with their appropriate enzymes, activating various second messenger pathways and other effector proteins
Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of β-subunit of the receptor. β-subunit phosphorylates other proteins
Receptor interacts with G protein to promote a conformational change and the exchange of GDP for GTP
Binding of the ligand to its native receptor, receptor activates
Which of the following statements concern G-protein
Glycine receptor is one of best known example of the g-protein
They are all metabotropic receptors
They are metabotropic receptors able to autophosphorylation
They activates synthesis of intracellular messengers such as cAMP
Which of the following statements are true and concern cholinergic
All muscarinic receptors are g-protein coupled receptor
Some of the cholinergic receptors are tyrosine kinase
Some of them are ionotropic receptors of the postsynaptic membrane of the autonomic ganglia
Activation of muscarinic receptors rises activity of the adenylyl cyclase
Which of the following structures are mechanoreceptors?
Hair cells
Renshaw cells
Muscle spindles
Purkinje cells
Factors that stimulate arterial baroreceptors of carotid sinus and arch of aorta:
Hypoxia
MAP higher than 50 mmHg
Phasic changes of arterial pressure
Decompression of baroreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors of aortic and carotid bodies
Are equipped in oxygen sensitive sodium channels
Inhibit RVLM and nuclei of the vagus nerve.
Can facilitate bradycardia in case of apno
Respond mainly to hypoxia
Peripheral chemoreceptors of aortic and carotid bodies
They are equipped in oxygen-sensitive sodium-channels
They inhibit RVLM and nuclei of the vagus nerve
They sense partial pressure of oxygen in plasma of blood
They depolarize in effect of hypoxia
Baroreceptor-induced compensation for the hemorrhage will cause which of the following values to be HIGHER?
Venous capacitance
Total peripheral resistance
Heart rate
Total volume of blood
Identify right phenomena developed in the cardiovascular system in response to decompression of baroreceptors
Neurogenic tension increases within small and large systemic veins
MAP decreases
Contractility of cardiac ventricles is up-regulated
Venous return decreases
In the cardiovascular center NTS inhibits CVLM by projecting GABA-ergic axons
Which statements express decompression of baroreceptors
Decompression of baroreceptors leads to deactivation of depressor zone (CVLM)
Decompression of baroreceptors is produced by reduction of arterial pressure
Decompression of baroreceptors leads to deactivation of pressor zone (RVLM)
Decompression of baroreceptors leads to bradycardia
Which of the following statements express situations related to decompression of baroreceptors?
Decompression of baroreceptors can occur in effect of uprising
Decompression of baroreceptors increases the tone of the sympathetic system -
Decompression of baroreceptors is produced by rise of the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Decompression of baroreceptors produces bradycardia (decreases heart rate
Which of the following actions of the gut are produced by cholinergic stimulation (trough muscarinic receptors)
Contraction of the ileo-cecal valve (sphincter)
Reduced salivary secretion
. Increased pancreatic secretion
Decreased secretion of gastrin from the chief cell of the stomach
Increased acid secretion from the parietal gland of the stomach
Identify right statements concerning central chemoreceptors:
They respond directly to decrease of pH in cerebral fluid
They are located on ventral part of the medulla
They communicate indirectly with the inspiratory center
They sense changes in pO2
They are located in carotid bodies
Where are the gamma-motor neurons located / function?
Anterior spinothalamic tract
Posterior spinothalamic tract
Innervates intrafusal muscle fibers.
. Innervates the flower spray endings of (C-fibers )
Identify right statements concerning gamma motor neurons:
They are second common motor neurons of the anterior horn of the cord. Their axons terminate in the muscle spindle
They are lower motor neurons of the vestibulospinal tract. They control equilibrium and muscle tone.
They are located on intermediolateral gray matter (IML) of the thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
They change the length of muscle spindles by eliciting the contraction of nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers
True about gamma motor neurons
They are synapsed by axons of reticulospinal tracts
They innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cell
Their axons synapse on muscle cells of the muscle spindle
They are converged mostly by axons of corticospinal tracts
E. They join lower motor neurons to the Golgi tendon organ
Extrinsic autonomic innervation of the gastrointestinal system:
Increases motility through parasympathetic innervation.
Increases motility through sympathetic innervation
Decreases motility through sympathetic innervation
Decreases motility through parasympathetic innervation
Identify right statements concerning cardiovascular reflexes changing activity of heart:
In Bezold-Jarisch reflex rise of the transmural pressure in the arch of aorta stimulates baroreceptors. In effect of such stimulation cardiac inotropism is up-regulated
In Goltz reflex parasympathetic stimulation is able to down-regulate cardiac chronotropism
The cardiac component of the Bainbridge reflex increases contractility and the heart rate,facilitating shifting of blood from atria into ventricles and then arteries.
Aortic and carotid baroreceptors don’t respond to rise of mean arterial pressure (MAP). They respond only to phasic (rapid) changes of the arterial pressure
Identify RIGHT statements concerning phase 2 of the plateau potential of the contractile cardiomyocytes
Na+ channel opens in this phase
Cardiomyocytes are in the absolute refractory period
Nicotinic receptors of contractile cardiomyocytes are opened in this phase
. Influx of calcium and outflow of potassium is observed during this phase
Plateau phase is the most characteristic feature of the pacemaker potential (prepotential)
Identify right statement about the systolic sound (S2)
It is longer than S1
It is produced by closure of the semilunar valves
Its frequency (pitch) is higher than of S1
It is produced by opening of the atrioventricular valves
During isovolumetric ventricular contraction:
Volume of both cardiac ventricles does not change
Atrioventricular valves are closed while semilunar valves are opened
Volume of the both ventricles increases
Atrioventricular and semilunar valves are closed.
Identity phenomena related to isovolumetric relaxation a ventricle
End-diastolic volume of ventricles is reached in this phase
. It begins right after S2 sound -
Pressure in the ventricle decreases
Semilunar valves open
Which of following statements concerning Starling forces are true
The higher is the capillary hydrostatic pressure the lower is filtration
Colloid osmotic pressure is produced by large organic molecules, mostly albumins of plasma
Colloid osmotic pressure at the venous end of capillary exceeds hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of capillary usually equals 55 mmHg
Cardiac contractility depends on various factors. Indicate the correct statements concerning extrinsic factors
Contractility is increased by catecholamines.
Contractility is proportionate to the intracellular concentration of calcium
Contractility is decreased by antagonists of the voltage-gated calcium channel (DHP receptor) of the T-tubule
Contractility is increased in effect of stimulation of the vagus nerve
Which of the following statements express situations related to decompression of baroreceptors?
Decompression of baroreceptors can occur in effect of uprising
Decompression of baroreceptors increases the tone of the sympathetic system
Decompression of baroreceptors is produced by rise of the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Decompression of baroreceptors produces bradycardia (decreases heart rate)
Which statements express situations related to decompression of baroreceptors?
Decompression of baroreceptors leads to deactivation of the depressor zone (CVLM
. Decompression of baroreceptors increases the tone of the sympathetic system.
Decompression of baroreceptors is produced by the rise of MAP.
Decompression of baroreceptors produces bradycardia
Decompression of baroreceptors is produced by reduction of the arterial pressure
Identify right phenomena developed in cardiac vascular system in response to decompression of baroreceptors
Neurogenic tension increases within small and large systemic veins.
MAP decreases.
Contractility of cardiac ventricles is up-regulated
Venous return decreases
In cardiovascular center nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) activated nucleus IX, X
Contractility is increased by blockers of the voltage-gated calcium channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cardiac contractility depends on various factors. Find correct statements concerning EXTRINSIC factors
Contractility is increased by catecholamines
Contractility is increased by blockers of the voltage-gated calcium channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Contractility is decreased by antagonists (blockers) of the voltage gated calcium channel of the sarcolemma
Contractility is increased by stimulation of the vagus nerve
Cardiac contractility depends on various factors. Indicate the correct statements concerning extrinsic factors
Contractility is increased by catecholamines
Contractility is proportionate to the intracellular concentration of calcium
Contractility is decreased by antagonists of the voltage-gated calcium channel (DHP receptor) of the T-tubule
Contractility is increased in effect of stimulation of the vagus nerve
Contractility is increased by blockers of the cardiac Na/K ATPase which rise intracellular concentrations
{"name":"Advanced Respiratory and Endocrine Physiology Quiz", "url":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/QPREVIEW","txt":"Test your knowledge on the complex interplay of the respiratory and endocrine systems with our comprehensive 55-question quiz. Explore topics including neuron functions, hormone actions, and receptor types in a challenging format designed for students and professionals alike.55 thought-provoking questionsMultiple-choice format for easy answeringIdeal for students and healthcare professionals","img":"https:/images/course1.png"}
More Quizzes
Physiology #01
52535
Human Anatomy Quiz 2
402029
Physiology Main Lesson Quiz
261330
EXAM QUESTION 2
8459
SMART INSTITUTE NMDCAT BIOLOGY 2ND HALF
402021
Endocrine System Quiz
643220
Nervous System, Action Potential & Chemical Messengers
16832
A&P 3
502519
Chapter 13 - Difficult Questions - Spinal Cord
8417
Immune system and lymphoid organs
8461
Nervous Tissue
1475
Nine Science
392026