BIOCHEM
Biochemical Pathways Quiz
Test your knowledge of biochemistry with our comprehensive quiz covering digestion, ATP production, and metabolic pathways. Challenge yourself with 97 questions designed to deepen your understanding of the essential biochemical processes that sustain life.
Key features of the quiz include:
- Multiple choice questions on key biochemistry concepts.
- Interactive format to engage learners of all levels.
- Instant feedback on your answers to help you learn.
Digestion
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
ATP production
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
citric acid cycle
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Acety-coenzyme A production
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Intermediate that carries acetyl group in citric acid cycle
Stage 1: digestion
Stage 2: acety-coenzyme A production
Stage 3: citric acid cycle
Stage 4: ATP production
Electron transport chain passes e- and H+ from reduced coenzyme to oxygen to form water, energy is harnessed to make ATP
Stage 1: digestion
Stage 2: acety-coenzyme A production
Stage 3: citric acid cycle
Stage 4: ATP production
-carbohydrate digestion -protein digestion -nucleic acid digestion -fat digestion
Stage 1: digestion
Stage 2: acety-coenzyme A production
Stage 3: citric acid cycle
Stage 4: ATP production
Acetyl groups are oxidized to CO2, forms reduced coenzymes (NADH, FADH2) and ATP
Stage 1: digestion
Stage 2: acety-coenzyme A production
Stage 3: citric acid cycle
Stage 4: ATP production
The sum total of all the biochemical reactions that take place in a living organism.
Metabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
Large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones. (produces energy)
Metabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
All metabolic reactions in which small biochemical molecules are joined together to form larger ones
Metabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
Anabolic reactions usually require _____ in order to proceed.
Energy
Oxygen
Coa
Glucose
The metabolic reactions that occur in a cell are usually organized into sequences is called ______ pathways.
Catabolic
Metabolic
Anabolic
_______ in which a series of reactions generates a final product
Vertical
Circular
Linear
Wedge
Cyclic in which a series of reactions regenerates the ______ reactant.
Second
First
Third
Fourth
The major metabolic pathways for all life forms are ______.
Symbiosis
Similar
Different
__________ is an organelle that is responsible for the generation of most of the energy for a cell.
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
Mitochondrion
Nuclei
Mitochondria are sausage-shaped organelles containing both an _________ and a ____________.
Outer membrane and permeable inner membrane
Outer membrane and multifold inner membrane
Outer membrane and inner membrane
Outer membrane which is about ______ and _______, it is FREELY PERMEABLE to SMALL MOLECULES
90% Lipid and 10% Protein
50% Lipid and 50% Protein
20% Lipid and 80% Protein
30% Lipid and 700% Protein
Inner membrane which is about _______ and _______, it is HIGHLY IMPERMEABLE to most substances
50% Lipid and 50% Protein
90% Lipid and 10% Protein
20% Lipid & 80% protein
30% Lipid and 700% Protein
__________ is the functional group derived from a phosphate ion that is part of another molecule.
Sulfuryl group
Nitro group
Carbonyl group
Phosphoryl group
___________ bond is the chemical bond formed when two phosphate groups react with each other and a water molecule is produced.
Phosphoanhydride
Carboanhydride
Nitrohydride
Sulfuryhydride
Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. Coenzyme A is released during this step. Citrate synthase catalyzes this reaction.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
α-ketoglutarate is transformed into succinyl-CoA through oxidative decarboxylation. This process also leads to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Aconitase facilitates the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. This reaction involves the isomerization of a tertiary alcohol (present in citrate) to a secondary alcohol (present in isocitrate). The conversion to a secondary alcohol allows for subsequent oxidation in the following step.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Isocitrate is oxidized, losing a carbon atom as carbon dioxide, and its alcohol group is transformed. Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes this reaction, resulting in the formation of α-ketoglutarate. During this process, the coenzyme NAD+ is reduced to NADH. NADH is subsequently reoxidized, releasing energy that is used in ATP synthesis.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
The glycolytic pathway (Glucose --> 2 Pyruvate) is found
only in eukaryotes.
In most living organisms.
in all living organisms (excluding virus particles).
Primarily in animals.
Energy released by oxidation of glucose is stored as: (choose 2)
A concentration gradient across a membrane.
As ATP.
As NADH.
As ADP.
Which of the following reactions are oxidations? (select all that applies)
Conversion of an alkane to an alkene.
conversion of an alcohol to a ketone.
Conversion of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.
Conversion of NADH to NAD+ .
Energy production involves which of the following? Select all that applies
Conversion of compounds with high energy to those of low energy.
Transport of electrons on organic molecules.
Generation of a proton gradient across membranes.
Energy for the synthesis of ATP (chemical energy) during oxidative phosphorylation is obtained from
Snickers bars.
High energy phosphate containing compounds.
A proton gradient across a membrane.
A high proton concentration in the cell.
a low proton concentration in the cell.
The input of energy required to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi is due, in part, to (choose 2)
Increasing electrostatic repulsion in ATP.
resonance stabilization of the ADP form.
Charge delocalization over the adenosine ring.
increased resonance stabilization of the released phosphate.
Which is true of enzymes? Choose the following that is true
Enzymes break down chemical compounds.
Enzymes work in an assembly line fashion.
Enzymes build up new molecules from simpler compounds.
What biological process is used to recharge MOST of the ATP in a human cell?
Photosynthesis
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
What organic molecules is the "currency" of biological energy?
ADP
Glycolysis
ATP
ETC
What is true about phosphate groups and energy when ATP is converted to ADP?
ATP decreases by one phosphate group
Energy is absorbed
ATP increases by one phosphate group
Energy is released
Which of the following is the best explanation for why ATP is similar to a rechargeable battery?
ATP has a limited number of times that it can be recharged before it becomes a waste product
ATP's energy is never used up
After you use the energy of ATP, it is regarded as waste by the cell
It is never used up; it just stores and releases energy
What organelle is responsible for the production of most of the ATP every human cell uses?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Which of the following acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration?
ATP
NAD+
ADP
Pyruvic acid
Which phase of cellular respiration generates the most ATP?
Krebs cycle
Fermentation
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Which process is used to produce beer and wine?
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
Glycolysis
The Krebs cycle
How many total molecules of ATP are synthesized from ADP via glycolysis of a single molecule of glucose?
36
2
32
16
The primary source of energy (ATP) under conditions of oxygen limitation in tissues is?
The Alanine Cycle
The Kreb’s Cycle (TCA)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis is most important?
After exercise
After meals
After prolonged fasting
Between lunch and dinner.
With anaerobic conditions
Number of hepatic translocases and/or enzymes which could be responsible for an observed failure of a patient to convert cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate into intracellular free glucose?
1
2
3
4
5
High free fatty acids are a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, a common precondition of Type II diabetes. High circulating fatty acids chronically cause modified phosphorylation on the intracellular domain of the insulin receptor, with reduced PI3K and reduced GLUT4 activity. How is low GLUT4 activity relevant to diabetes?
It causes retinopathy.
It prevents glucose utilization by cells.
It stimulates fructose uptake by cells.
It leads to hyper-stimulation of glycolysis.
Ischemic tissues have an increased rate of glycolysis. Most of this is not fueled by extracellular supply of glucose, but rather by locally stored glycogen that is degraded in response to ischemia. This response depends on the activation of glycogen phosphorylase by:
ATP
AMP
Low pH
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose 6-phosphate
Several inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism can cause fasting hypoglycemia. The most severe fasting hypoglycemia has to be expected in deficiencies of:
Phosphofructokinase
Aldolase
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
What is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen called?
Microaerophilic
Glycogenic
Anaerobic
Aerobic
In anaerobic respiration, the end product is
Ethyl alcohol
Carbon dioxide
Both A and B
Oxygen
The process of glycogenolysis is accelerated by:
Glucagon
Insulin
Glucose
Pyrophosphoric acid
Both insulin and glucagon affect glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. Glucagon could be classified as this type of hormone:
Hyperglycemic
Hypoglycemic
Hyperosmotic
Hypomanic
Hypercholesterolemic
The body requires backup stores of reduced carbon. We have two forms, lipids and starch or glycogen. Our immediate source of reduced carbon is glucose, which we access by several pathways such as glycolysis. We normally have about 90 mg of glucose per deciliter of blood but need to have an immediate backup source of glucose. Which of these is the source?
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
ATP
Glycogen
Which of the following activates glycolysis?
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-2,6-biphosphate
ATP
Acetyl-CoenzymeA
GTP
The process of fermentation of glucose is favored in systems that:
Have little or no oxygen available
Operate in hot springs at high temperature
Function at high oxygen concentration
Act in the presence of nitrogen
Lack enzymes to carry out glycolysis
If a person were exercising vigorously and unable to take in sufficient oxygen, his or her tissues would probably accumulate excess amounts of:
Glucose
Fructose-6-phosphate
Pyruvic acid
Citric acid
Lactic acid
The process of gluconeogenesis not only clears cells of some molecular debris but can also provide glucose for these cells that need a constant supply:
Kidney, liver, and aerobic muscle
Brain, red blood cells, anaerobic muscle, and lactating mammary
Heart, liver, and pancreas
Tissue that is rapidly oxidizing lipids
Tissue in which glycolysis is occurring rapidly
Which B vitamin is turned into a product that plays a role in fatty acid oxidation but not in fatty acid biosynthesis?
Niacin
pantothenic acid
Pyridoxamine
Riboflavin
Thiamine
The committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids is the formation of
Acetoacetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
Malonyl CoA
Propionyl CoA
Stearoyl CoA
You have broken down a typical glycerophospholipid. You find that it consists of a saturated fatty acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, glycerol, a phosphate and:
Alanine
Cholesterol
Inosine
Serine
Sphingosine
What dietary source of energy contains the most energy per gram (kcal/g)?
Proteins
Disaccharides
Cellulose
Triglycerides
The acetyl CoA is produced in the mitochondria and must be transported into cytosol for synthesis of fatty acid. Which of the following is true regarding its transport?
Acetyl CoA is diffused from mitochondrial membrane
Acetly CoA is transported by its specific transporter protein
Acetyl CoA is converted into pyruvate, enters into cytosol and acetyl CoA is regenerated
Acetyl CoA is converted into citrate, enters into cytosol and acetyl CoA is regenerated.
Which one of these is not a lipid?
Oils
Fats
Waxes
Proteins
What are the most active organs in the animal body that can synthesize triacylglycerol?
Liver and intestines
Kidney and intestines
Gall bladder and kidneys
Pancreas and intestines
Fatty acid β-oxidation occurs in
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
All of the above
What is the allosteric regulator of acetyl CoA caboxylase?
Fatty acid
ATP
Citrate
Acetly CoA
Free fatty acids in the plasma
Circulate in unbound state
Bind to lipoproteins and circulated
Bind to albumin and circulated
Bind to fatty acid binding protein and circulated
Which of the following event inactivates acetly CoA carboxylase?
ADP-Ribosylation
Glycosylation
Phosphorylation
Farnesylation
In what compartment does the de novo fatty acid synthesis occurs?
Mitochondria
Perioxosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytosol
What is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis
Acetyl CoA
Propionyl CoA
Succinyl CoA
Acetoacetyl CoA
The conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA is the rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the above mentioned reaction?
Acetly CoA carboxylase
Malonyl CoA synthetase
Acetyl CoA decarboxylase
Malonyl CoA synthase
Branched-chain fatty acids, such as phytanic acid, are not a lost cause as sources of energy. They may be broken down by a process with begins with:
β-oxidation
γ-oxidation
Transesterification
Transmogrification
α-oxidation
As a source of energy, fat produces more than twice as many calories per gram as either protein or carbohydrate. What percentage of the energy in the diet of an average American is produced from fat?
10-20%
20-30%
30-40%
40-50%
50-60%
Drugs called statins are now used to decrease plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis. This step is catalyzed by:
Lipoprotein lipase
β-ketothiolase
Acyl carrier protein
HMG-CoA reductase
Transacylase
The location of fatty acid oxidation is:
Adipocyl membranes
Peroxisomes
The Golgi apparatus
The mitochondrial matrix
The cytoplasm of liver cells
Early in your chemistry career, you probably spilled some sodium hydroxide on your hands and noticed that bases feel soapy. The soapy feeling is caused by:
Release of hydrogen from triacylglycerols
Release of calcium from triacylglycerols
Production of graphite as a result of neutralization
Production of soap as a result of the reaction between base and the triacylglycerols in your skin
Neutralization of the base by acids in your skin
In the initial stages, fatty acid synthesis occurs:
Only in association with the endoplasmic reticulum
Within liver parenchyma
Within the cytoplasm
Only within arterial epithelium
Only within venous epithelium
The cells which store lipids in the body are sometimes referred to as signet ring cells, as seen from the side, the nucleus of the cell appears similar to the set of a ring and the inner portion of the cell is filled with lipid, resembling the ring itself. These fat cells are properly called:
Erythrocytes
Hepatocytes
Astrocytes
Adipocytes
Lymphocytes
Fatty acids are not very soluble in blood plasma. Left to themselves, they tend to form micelles and at high concentrations, may cause blood plasma to appear milky, or lipemic. Free fatty acids are transported in the blood by:
Aluminum
Glycogen
Cholesterol
Albumin
Luminol
Cholesterol is not oxidized for energy within the body, but you might help eliminate it from your body if you could increase the formation of:
Triacylglycerols
Protein hormones
Steroid hormones
Mineralocorticoids
Bile salts or acids
The principal site of cholesterol synthesis is:
The liver
The ovaries
The intestines
The testes
The skin
Proteins are ____ made of amino acid ____ .
Monomers; polymers
Polymers; polypeptides
Polymers; monomers
Monomers; molecules
Catabolism of amino acids usually follows one of two paths, depending upon the types of degradation products they form. Amino acids are said to be
Ketogenic or glucogenic
Ammonotelic or uricotelic
Phototropic or phototaxic
Ammonotelic or uricotelic
Metabolism of fats and carbohydrates differs from protein metabolism in that
Protein can be stored, fat and carbohydrate can't
Fat can be stored, protein and carbohydrate can't
Fats and carbohydrate can be stored, protein can't
Protein and fat can be stored, but carbohydrates can't
Urea is synthesized I
Adipocytes
Erythrocytes
Hepatocytes
Astrocytes
One amino acid which is non-essential for humans, but is the most common amino acid found in white blood cells. Which one?
Glycine
Phenylalanine
Histidine
Taurine
Sedentary persons who consume rich diets sometimes suffer gout, a condition which may cause toes to swell and joints to become painful due to an accumulation of
Glucose
Fatty tissue
Acetylcholine
Uric acid
Unlike many physiological substances, metabolism of ammonia is under very strict control because
Ammonia is relatively insoluble in water
Ammonia is very toxic
Ammonia reacts readily with acids and could cause acidosis
Ammonia could be consumed by intestinal bacteria if they were not held in check
Blood capillaries are fragile and may break upon impact (such as a slap in the kisser), allowing components of blood to spill into the interstitial spaces, where they degrade slowly. The resulting 'black' eye might be due to a greenish pigment called
Biliverdin
Bilirubin
Hemoglobin
Cytochrome
Degradation of ketogenic amino acids results in two-carbon fragments which may be formed into ketone bodies or fatty acids, or oxidized to carbon dioxide and water by
Glycolysis
The dark cycle
The pentose phosphate pathway
Gluconeogenesis
The TCA cycle
The process of transcription can be broadly categorised into 3 main stages: initiation, elongation & termination. During transcription _________
DNA is made complimentary to RNA
RNA is made complimentary to DNA
A protein is made from the RNA base sequence
A protein is made from the DNA base sequence
Translation is primarily facilitated by ribosomes located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, on the outer surface of the nuclear envelope, or in the cytoplasm. During translation _______
DNA is made complimentary to RNA
RNA is made complimentary to DNA
A protein is made from the RNA base sequence
A protein is made from the DNA base sequence
What is the basic role of mRNA?
Transfer the amino acids to the ribosome
Transfer the amino acids to the nucleus
Transfer the DNA message to the ribosome
Transfer the mRNA message to the nucleus
If the DNA code reads CCAATTGG then the tRNA code would read
CCAATTGG
CCAAUUGG
GGUUAACC
GGTTAACC
Since the only type of molecule that a gene can code for is a protein, how is it that a trait relating to the metabolism of carbohydrate can be influenced by genes?
Enzyme proteins are broken down into carbohydrates
Enzyme proteins influence carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrates are protein molecules
Carbohydrates react with proteins in the body
What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
It is where mRNA synthesis occurs
It is where DNA synthesis occurs
It is where protein synthesis occurs
It is where gene synthesis occurs
The action of disrupting the three-dimensional shape of a protein is termed
Dehydration
Denaturation
Deamination
Hydrolysis
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