Exam 2016, del 2
Molecular Genetics Quiz
Test your knowledge on molecular genetics and chromosomal abnormalities with our engaging quiz! This quiz covers a range of topics, including PCR techniques, karyotyping, and the role of DNA in cancer.
Prepare to challenge your understanding of:
- Restriction Enzymes
- Mosaicism and Nondisjunction
- Forensic DNA Analysis
- Protein Translation
What are restriction enzymes?
Vitamins such as vitamin A
Are used in Sequenom
Enzymes that are limited (i.e, restricted) in how big they can become
Enzymes that cut/cleave through a DNA helix wherever they encounter a specific sequence of nucleotides
Mark techniques used in detection of 10000 bpnucleotide deletion:
Real-Time PCR with simple-probes
Sequencing
Southern-blot
Real-time PCR with Taq-Man probes
MLPA
A male patient has an invertion in one of his chromosomes, mark the correct karyotype:
46 XY, ins(7p2)
46 XY, inv(2q1)
46 XX, ins(4q21)
46 XX, inv(9p13)
Place in order the following steps involved in PCR:(1) newly synthesized strands act as templates, (2) heat seperates strands of target DNA, (3) complementary base pairing between primers and template, (4) DNA nucleotide bases attached by DNA polymerase; new strand synthesized
2 – 3 – 4 – 1
1 – 2 – 3 – 4
3 – 2 – 4 – 1
2 – 1 – 4 – 3
4 – 3 – 2 – 1
Mosaicisms:
All cells have the same karyotype
Some cells of the same patient have another karyotype
Can be seen in Down Syndrome
It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase because
The DNA has not been replicated yet
They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands
They leave the nucleus and are dispersed to other parts of the cell
Enzymes digest the DNA
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum :
Contains RNA
Is responsible for lipid synthesis
Is responsible for protein synthesis
Contains own DNA
This karyogram belongs to:
Patient with Down syndrome
Healthy man
Patient with klinefelter Syndrome
Patient with Turner syndrome
The term Nondisjunction refers:
Failure of a chromatid pairs to separate during meiosis resulting in
Monosomy or trisomy condition
Chromatid pairs separate during meiosis resulting in point mutation
Failure of a chromatid pairs to separate during G1 resulting in monosomy or trisomy condition
Failure of a chromatid condensation during meiosis resulting in monosomy condition
Hydrogen bonds are formed between:
Guanine and Cytosine
Thymine and Cytosine
Adenine and Guanine
Thymine and Uracil
Translation of the mRNA into proteins can be blocked in a specific way by:
RNA interference
Antisense molecules like LNA and PNA
Helicase
RNA polymerase
5’ UTR:
Encodes information to make a protein
Is not translated into a protein
Can be found only in mature mRNA
Is the initiation place of translation
what would be the effect on the primary structure of the coded protein if a single base was deleted from a messenger RNA transcript?
No effect
A single amino acid residue is changed
A complete change in amino acid sequence from the point deletion, frameshift
In frame mutation
Which of the following statements about forensic analysis of DNA is true?
A DNA profile using short tandem repeats (microsatellites) is unique to an individual
Forensic analysis makes use of mutations in coding sequnces to distinguish between individuals
PCR is used for DNA profiling
PCR is used for DNA profiling (DNA fingerprinting) DNA fingerprinting cannot be used for paternity testing
Which of the following statements is not true about cancer?
A cancer is a genetic disease which can be inherited
Cancer is primarily a disease caused by DNA polymorphisms
A cancer is caused by mutations which gives the cell growth advantage
A tumor is not regarded as malignant until it spreads to other parts of the body forming secondary tumors
What is the theoretical progression of nucleic acid amplication by PCR?
1,2,3,4,5,6,…
1,10,100,1000,10000,…
2,4,8,16,32,…
2,4,24,96,384,1024,…
The karyotype of one patient consists of 69 (69 XXY) chromosomes. Such chromosomal alteration can be an example of:
Triploidy
Aneuploidy
Tetraploidy
Trisomy
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