Opthamology (Kong piseth)

A detailed diagram of the human eye anatomy with labels indicating various parts like the cornea, lens, optic nerve, and muscles. The background should be educational, perhaps including some graphs or charts related to eye health.

Ophthalmology Knowledge Quiz

Test your knowledge of ophthalmology with this comprehensive quiz! With 199 questions covering various aspects of eye anatomy, diseases, and treatments, this quiz is perfect for students, teachers, and anyone interested in the field of eye care.

  • Learn about ocular structures and their functions.
  • Understand common eye conditions and their implications.
  • Challenge yourself with multiple-choice and checkbox questions.
199 Questions50 MinutesCreated by LearningEye245
Orbital bone has:
4
5
6
7
Ocular muscles has:
4
5
6
7
Optic nerve is cranial nerve pair:
2
3
4
5
Normal Intra Ocular pressure:
1-10 mmHg
10-20mmHg
20-30mmHg
30-40mmHg
Normal Visual Acuity in meter:
6/6
6/12
6/18
6/24
. Layers of the cornea:
3
4
5
6
Central thickness of the cornea:
0,3mm
0.5mm
0.8mm
1mm
Optical power of the lens:
10D
20D
30D
40D
Optical power of the cornea:
10D
20D
30D
40D
Blurred vision in Diabetic Retinopathy caused by:
Vitreous hemorrhage
Conjunctivitis
Ocular allergy
Dry eye
Normal axial length of the eye globe:
11-12mm
15-16mm
23-24mm
28-29mm
Myopia:
Axial length is longer than normal
Distant object is clear
Near object is blur
Both distant and near objects are blurred
Hypermetropia or Hyperopia:
Axial length is longer than normal
Distant object is clearer than near
Cornea is steeper than normal
Minus lenses correct hyperopia
Presbyopia caused by:
Ageing change
Eye trauma
Chemical burn
Infection
What is the major cause of Cataract:
Ageing change
Eye trauma
Congenital
Infection
Glaucoma is:
Retinopathy
Optic neuropathy
Choroid disease
Low Intraocular pressure
Strabismus:
Vertical deviation more than Horizontal deviation
Esotropia is eye turn outward
Can be treated by surgery or glasses
Cannot cause amblyopia
Cataract:
Can be treated by medication
Phacoemulsification is surgical technique by using ultrasound machine
Diabetes are not risk of early cataract development
If untreated cannot cause blind.
Diabetic retinopathy:
Decreased vision caused by vitreous hemorrhage or macular edema
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is occurred before Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
Duration is not a risk factor of diabetic retinopathy development
Uncontrolled blood sugar is not a risk factor of DR development
Refractive errors:
Corrected by contact lenses
Myopia corrected by plus lens
Hyperopia corrected by cylindrical lenses
Astigmatism corrected by minus lenses.
Which of the following is the correct answer for ectropion:
Outward turning of lower eyelid margine
Misdirected eyelashes rubbing against the globe.
Inward turning of lower eyelid margine.
Aberrant second row of eyelashes.
Which of the following is the correct answer for Entropion:
Outward turning of lower eyelid margine.
Misdirected eyelashes rubbing against the globe
Inward turning of lower eyelid margine.
Aberrant second row of eyelashes.
Which of the following is the correct answer for Trichiasis:
Outward turning of lower eyelid margine.
Misdirected eyelashes rubbing against the globe.
Inward turning of lower eyelid margine.
Aberrant second row of eyelashes.
Definitive or permanent treatment of ectropion is:
With lubricant agents
Taping the eyelid into position with adhesive tape.
With lubricant agents and Taping the eyelid into position with adhesive tape.
Surgery
Which of the following is the correct answer for Orbital cellulitis:
Infection of the subcutaneous tissue anterior to the orbital septum.
Infection of the soft tissue behind the orbital septum.
Painless nodule on upper eyelid.
Small abcess of Meibomian gland
What are signs of Orbital cellulitis:
No pain
No proptosis
No restriction of eye movement.
Proptosis, pain and restriction with eye movement.
Which of the following is the correct answer for pre-septal cellulitis:
Infection of the subcutaneous tissue anterior to the orbital septum.
Small abcess of Meibomian gland
Painless nodule on upper eyelid.
Infection of the soft tissue behind the orbital septum.
All of the following are signs of pre-septal cellulitis, Except.:
No pain
No proptosis
No restriction of eye movement
Proptosis, pain and restriction with eye movement.
Lipide layer αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€αž–αžΈ:
Lacrimal gland
Meiboman gland
Conjuntiva goblet cell
Epithelium of the cornea
Aqueuos layer αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€αž–αžΈ:
Lacrimal gland
Meiboman gland
Conjunctiva goblet cell
Epithelium of the cornea
Mucin layer αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€αž–αžΈ:
Lacrimal gland
Meiboman gland
Conjunctiva goblet cell
Epithelium of the cornea
Αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Lipid layer:
0.2ΞΌm
0.7ΞΌm
1ΞΌm
0.1ΞΌm
Αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹Aqueuos layer:
0.2ΞΌm
7ΞΌm
1ΞΌm
0.1ΞΌm
Meibomian glands αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž›αžΎαž˜αžΆαž“αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž–αžΈ:
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
Meibomian glands αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž–αžΈ:
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…αž“αŸƒαž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€:
Lipid layer
Mucin layer
Aqueuos layer
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹Cornea αž˜αžΆαž“:
9
6
4
5
7
ΑžαžΎαž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆ6 nerves palsy:
Abduction αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“
Adduction αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…αž”αž„αŸ’αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ Cornea αž‚αžΊ:
Epiderm
Epithelium
Bowman layer
Endothelium
Stroma
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž”αž„αŸ’αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ Cornea αž‚αžΊ:
Epiderm
Bowman layer
Endothelium
Stroma
Descemet membrane
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž€αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž“αŸƒ Cornea αž‚αžΊ:
Epiderm
Bowman layer
Descemet membrane
Endothelium
Stroma
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαž”αž„αŸ’αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹cornea:
Bowman layer
Descemet membrane
Stroma
Endothelim
Epithelim
Αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™αž˜αžΆαž“ endothelial cell :
300/mm2
30 000/mm2
3000/mm2
4000/mm2
1500/mm2
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹Cornea αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžœαžΆαž˜αž·αž“αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αžœαž·αž‰αž‘αŸαž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž:
Epithelium
Endothelium
Αž…αžΌαž›αž‚αžΌαžŸαž™αž€ αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Orbital Bone:
Patietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Maxilla bone
Αž˜αžΆαž“αžαŸ‚αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž½αž™αž‚αžαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αžŸαžΆαŸ†αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αŸ‡αž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαžš ( Organe Transplant ) αž”αžΆαž“αžαžΎαžœαžΆαž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ:
Αž€αŸ‚αžœαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ Lens
Αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ Corneal
ΑžŸαžŸαŸƒαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž– Retina
Αž€αžΌαž“αž€αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αŸ†αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ Pupil
ΑžαžΎαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ )Retina) αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž˜αž»αžαž„αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–:
Retina (αžŸαžŸαŸƒαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž– )
Optic Disc ឬ Optic Nerve ( αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ‚αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΌαž“αž–αžΈαž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αŸ…αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž› )
Lens (αž€αŸ‚αžœαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ )
Corneal (αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ )
ΑžαžΎ Orbital bone αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαžΉαž„αž˜αžΆαŸ†αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸ:
Frontal bone
Maxillary bone
Zygomatic bone
Lacrimal bone
ΑžαžΎ Conjunctiva αž…αŸ‚αž€αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€:
Palpebral conjunctirva
Fornical conjunctirva
Bulbar conjunctirva
All of the above
ΑžαžΎ Eyelid αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ (Layer) :
4 αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹
5 αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹
6 αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹
7 αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹
Lens Thickness αž‚αžΊ:
4 x 9mm
4 x 10mm
5 x 9mm
6 x 11mm
Aqueous αž•αž›αž·αžαžŠαŸ„αž™ :
Iris
Cornea
Ciliary body
Choroid
Ciliary body αž˜αžΆαž“αž˜αž»αžαž„αžΆαžš :
Aqueous production
Aqueous drainage
Accomodation
All of the above
Uveal Tract αž˜αžΆαž“:
Choroid
Iris
Ciliary body
Relina
Choroid; lris and ciliary body
Cornea αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆ Transparent Tissue αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžš:
Uniform structure
Avascular
Deturgescence
Uniform structure, a vascular and deturgescence,
ΑžαžΎαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αž‘αŸ…αž…αž·αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΉαž˜ Covnoa:
Aqueous
Tears
Vessels of limbus
Aqueous, tears and vessels of limbus
In Myopia : Axial Length is shorter than normal:
True
False
A β€œPlus” Lens is used to correct Myopia:
True
False
In Hypermetropia: Axial length is longer than normal:
True
False
In Myopic patients:
Distant objects are clear
Near objects are blurry
True
False
Cataract can treat by:
Medication
LASER coagulation
Surgery
Cryotherapy
ΑžαžΎ Age related Macular degeneration αž…αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘:
1
2
3
ΑžαžΎαž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“ Retinal vein occlusion(RVO):
Increasing age
Hypertension, Vasculitis
Hyperviscosity, Raised IOP
Thrombophilic disorder
Increasing age, hypertension vasculitis, hyperviscosity raised IOP and thrombophilic disorder
ΑžαžΎ Classification αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Retinal vein occlusion αž…αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘:
2
3
4
ΑžαžΎαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž€αžΎαž Retinal Artery occlusion (RAO):
Embolization from carotid or cardiac source
Vaso obliteration by atheroma or arteritis
Thrombophilic disorder
Embolization from carotid or cardiac source AndVaso obliteration by atheroma or arteritis
ΑžαžΎClinicalαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž“αž·αž„αžšαž”αžΎαž€αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αžΆαžαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€:
Background Diabetic retinopathy
Preproliferative Diabetic retinopathy
Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic maculopathy
ΑžαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› Diabetic Retinopathy αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž—αžΆαž–:
Αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ (eye drop)
Αž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ laser Photocoagulation
Αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Avastine αž…αžΌαž›αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ (IVA)
Αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ Vitrectomy
ΑžαžΎαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αŸ‚αž“αž‡αžΆαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžšαž›αŸ€αž„:
Congential
Cranial nerve palsy
Traumatic
Chronic progression external opthalmoplegia (CPEO)
Myasthenia gravis
Medication
ΑžαžΎαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž§αž”αžŸαž‚αŸ’αž‚αž‡αž½αž”αž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Dacryocystitis:
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Diverticula of the lacrimal sac
Dacryoliths
Trauma
Lacrimal sac tumor
ΑžαžΎαž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž™αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžαž»αžŸαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Cranial Nerve Supply:
MR, IR, SR, IO, Supply by 3rd nerve
SO Supply by 4th nerve
LR Supply 6th nerve
IR Supply by 6th nerve
Αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαž‘αŸ…αž αŸ…αžαžΆ Age Related macular degeneration:
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒ optic disc αžαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž
Αžšαž”αžΎαž€αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αžΆαžαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΌαž…αžαžΆαžαž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αž€αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž“αŸƒαžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αžΆαžαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž“αŸƒ Age Related macular degeneration:
Macular Scar
Macular drusen
Macular hemorrhage
Sign and Symptom in acute angle glaucoma:
Blurred vision
Red eye
Painful and blurred vision
Lose for visual field
The best choice of treatment in acute angle closure glaucoma is:
Anton glaucoma
Trabeculectomy
Anti glaucoma follow by peripheral iridectomy (PI)
Anti glaucoma follow by Trabeculectomy
In open angle glaucoma, The patient come to see Doctor in case of:
Eye painful
Lose of visual field
Red eye
Eye irritation
Αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž€αž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αž™αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž“ (Pterygium) αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”:
Antibiotic
Surgical excision
Irrigation
Laser
ΑžαžΎαž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž—αžΆαž‚αžšαž™αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžαž»αžŸαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž…αžΌαž›αžαžΆαž˜αž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹ Punctum:
Upper punctum αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž™αž€αž‘αžΉαž€αž”αžΆαž“ 20%
Lower punctum αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž™αž€αž‘αžΉαž€αž”αžΆαž“ 80%
Lower punctum αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž™αž€αž‘αžΉαž€αž”αžΆαž“ 90%
ΑžαžΎαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αŸ‚αž“αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€:
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ Oily Layer
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ Water layer
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ Mucin Layer
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ Epithelium
Αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž€αžΎαžαž˜αž€αž˜αžΆαž“ dacryostenosis αžαžΎαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž‡αžΆαž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž™αžαž»αžŸ:
ΑžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ DCR αžαŸ‚αž˜αŸ’αžŠαž„αž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαŸαž…
Αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ Massage of Lacrymal Sac αž˜αž»αž“αž‚αŸ
Αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›5αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž‘αžΎαž„αž‘αŸ…αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ DCR αž”αžΆαž“
Αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›6αžαŸ‚αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžŠαžΎαž˜αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ Probing
ΑžαžΎαž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž™αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαž»αžŸ Management αž“αŸƒ Strabismus:
Correct any refractive component
In children, patching or occlusion therapy for amblyopia
Medication treatment
ΑžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžŠαžΌαž…αž˜αŸ’αžŠαŸαž…αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž’αžΆαž™αž»1αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž˜αžΆαž“ Esotropia αžαžΎαž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž™αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž·αž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ:
Strabismus surgery αž˜αž»αž“αž‚αŸ
Check vision
Determine and measure Deviation
Retinoscopy
ΑžαžΎαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž€αž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αž™αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž“αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ’αž‚αž·αž…αž›αžΎαž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαžŸαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αžšαž›αžΆαž€αžŠαŸ„αž™αž‡αžΆαžαž·αž‚αžΈαž˜αžΈ
Αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ UV
Αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž€αž˜αŸ’αžαŸ…, αžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹
Αž”αŸ’αžšαŸαžΈαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
ΑžαžΎαžœαž·αž’αžΈαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž€αž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αž™αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž“αž˜αžΌαž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž›αŸ’αž’αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸ:
ΑžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αž€αž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αž™αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž“αž…αŸαž‰
ΑžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αž€αž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αž™αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž“αž…αŸαž‰ αž αŸαžΈαž™αž™αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαžŸαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž€αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡
Αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αž‘αž»αŸ†αž›αŸαžΈαž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹ contact lens αž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αž’αžΆαž
Αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ’αž‚αž·αž…αž›αŸαžΈαž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαŸαžΈαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΈαž”αž»αžΈαž™αžΌαž‘αž·αž… (anti-biotique)
ΑžαžΎαž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚?
Αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ
Αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αž•αŸ’αžŸαž·αž
αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸ
Αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž’αž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΈαž”αž»αžΈαž™αŸ‰αžΌαž‘αž·αž… (anti-biotique)
Αž’αž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΈαž αžΆαŸ†αŸ’αžœαž„αž αŸ’αž‚αž› (anti-fungus)
Αž’αž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΈαžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸ (anti-virus)
Αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸαž‰αŸαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘:
Αž˜αž½αž™αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘
Αž–αžΈαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘
Αž”αžΈαž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘
Αž”αž½αž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘
Αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαž»αž›αŸ’αž™αž—αžΆαž–αžšαžœαžΆαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž•αž›αž·αž αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž‘αžΉαž€αž…αŸαž‰
Αž˜αžΆαž“αžαž»αž›αŸ’αž™αž—αžΆαž–αžšαžœαžΆαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž•αž›αž·αž αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž‘αžΉαž€αž…αŸαž‰
Αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž–αžΆαž’αž‘αžΉαž€
Αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΈαž”αž»αžΈαž™αŸ‰αžΌαž‘αž·αž…
Αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž‘αŸ‚αžŸαŸαžš
ΑžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž‘αžΉαž€
ΑžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜
Αž—αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹,αž…αž»αž€αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžšαžœαžΆαŸ†αž„
Αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αž‚αŸ†αž αŸαžΈαž‰
Αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸ αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹
Αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαž‘αŸ…αž αŸ…αžαžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αžΆαžŸαŸ’αž‘αžΈαž…αž˜αŸ‰αžΆαž (Astigmatism) αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αž”αŸ‰αŸ„αž„ αž«αž•αžαžαž»αžŸαž–αžΈαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ
ΑžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αž”αŸ’αžšαž˜αžΌαž›αž•αŸ’αžŠαž»αŸ†αž›αžΎαžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αžΆαžαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΎαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ
Αž˜αžΎαž›αž†αŸ’αž„αžΆαž™αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹
Αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαž‘αŸ…αž αŸ…αžαžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž”αŸ’αžšαŸαžŸαž”αžΆαž™αž’αžΌαž”αž–αžΆ (prebyopia) αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž€αžΎαžαž‘αž·αž„αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž’αžΆαž™αž»40αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž‘αžΎαž„αž‘αŸ…
Αž’αžΆαž€αž»αŸ†αž˜αŸ‰αžΌαžŠαŸαž αŸ’αžŸαž·αž“ (Accommodation) αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡
Αž˜αŸαžΈαž›αž‡αž·αžαž˜αž·αž“αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹
Αž˜αžΎαž›αž†αŸ’αž„αžΆαž™αž˜αž·αž“αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹
Αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸ†αž αž»αžŸαž€αŸ†αžŽαž»αŸ†αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžœαŸ‰αŸ‚αž“αžαžΆ
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹contact lens
Αž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž‘αŸ‚αžŸαŸαžš
Αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžαžΆαŸ†αŸ’αž“αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
ΑžαžΎαž€αŸ’αžšαž»αž˜αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŠαŸ„αž™ Lacrimal gland:
Basic tear secretion
Reflex tearing
Αž…αžΌαž›αžšαŸ€αž”αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ Diabetic Retinopathy αžαžΎαž˜αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡:
Αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‡αžΆαžαž·αžŸαŸ’αž€αžšαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžˆαžΆαž˜ αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžˆαžΆαž˜ αž“αž·αž„αžŸαŸ†αž–αžΆαž’αžˆαžΆαž˜αž’αŸ„αž™αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž›αž€αŸ’αžαŸαžŽαž›αŸ’αž’αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαž‡αžΆαž˜αž»αž“αžŸαž·αž“
Αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž‘αžΆαžŸαŸŠαŸ‚ PRP=Pan Retinal Photocoagulation
Αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹ Avastin / Lucentis / Triamcinolone αž…αžΌαž›αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŸαžŸαŸƒαž”αžΆαžαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€Vitrectomy
Αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αŸαžΈαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž•αž›αž·αžαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸ:
Lacrimal gland
Meiboman gland
Conjunctival goblet cells
Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αŸ—αž“αŸƒαž€αŸ†αž αž»αžŸαž€αŸ†αžŽαž»αŸ†αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžš αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚:
Αž’αžΆαžŸαŸ’αž‘αžΈαž€αž˜αŸ‰αžΆαž (astigmatism)
Αž’αž»αžΈαž–αŸ‚αž˜αŸαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαž” (hypermetropia)
ΑžŸαŸ†αž›αžΆαž€αž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αžΈαž‰αŸ‰αž»αž” (myopia)
Αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž“αŸƒαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αžΈαž‰αŸ‰αžΌαž”αž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžš:
ΑžαŸ†αžŽαžšαž–αžΌαž‡
Αž€αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ€αžœαž—αŸ… αž¬αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αž·αž…αŸ’αž…αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αž·αžαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“
Αž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸαž„αž αŸ’αž‚αŸαž˜ αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αž»αŸ†αž–αŸ’αž™αžΌαž‘αŸαžšαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž˜αŸ‰αŸ„αž„
Αž‰αž»αŸ†αžΆαž’αžΆαž αžΆαžšαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαžαž· Carbone Hydrate αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“
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Αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αŸαžΈαž„αž”αžΆαž™
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Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αžΆαžŸαŸ’αž‘αžΈαž€αž˜αŸ‰αžΆαž
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Aphakiaαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Blind spot αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αŸαžΈαž›αž˜αž·αž“αžƒαŸαžΈαž‰αž“αŸ…αžαŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹Macula
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Αž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αŸαžΈαž›αž˜αž·αž“αžƒαŸαžΈαž‰αž“αŸ…αžαŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹Fovea Centralist
Αž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αŸαžΈαž›αž˜αž·αž“αžƒαŸαžΈαž‰αž“αŸ…αžαŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹Retinal Detachment
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Chalazionαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžšαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰Cebaceous Gland
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Αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžšαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰Meibomian Gland
Αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžšαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰Lacrimal sac
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Accommodationαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
ΑžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαž”αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†Cilary Muscle αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž€αž€αŸ‚αžœαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžαŸαžΈαž„αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αŸαžΈαž›αž‡αž·αž
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Ciliary Injection αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Congential Glaucomaαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Dacryoadenitisαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž“αŸ…Lacrimal Gland
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Αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž“αŸ…αž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΌαžšαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ Lacrimal Duct
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Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αž‘αŸαžΈαž„αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž–αž–αž½αž€αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸ
Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αž‘αŸαžΈαž„αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž–αž–αž½αž€αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ
Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αž‘αŸαžΈαž„αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž–αž–αž½αž€αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αž’αž»αž„αž€αžΌαžŸαŸαžΈαžŸαž»αžΈαž™αŸ‰αžΆαžŸαž»αžΈαžŸ
Αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™Endophthalmitisαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰Meibomian Gland
Αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰Cebaceous Gland
Αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžšαž“αŸ…αž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž“αž·αž„αž“αŸ…αž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαžŸαžŸαŸ’αžαŸαžΈαž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Extraocular Muscles αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
ΑžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†Oblique Muscles
ΑžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†Levator Muscles
ΑžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†Rectus Muscles
ΑžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†Obliqueαž“αž·αž„αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†Rectus Muscles
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Hyphaema αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Hyopyonαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž˜αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αžŠαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸαžΆαž™αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Iridodialysisαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž˜αž»αžαž„αžΆαžšαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαž”αžαž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž—αŸ’αž›αŸαžΈαž„αž–αž·αž›
Αž€αž€αž·αžαžŠαžΆαž…αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈαžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž“αŸ…αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž€αžΌαž“αž€αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αŸ†αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
ΑžŠαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžšαž αŸ‚αž€αž‘αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈαžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Lid ecchymosis αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžšαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αž€αŸαžΈαžαž…αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž”αžΌαžŸ
ΑžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αŸαžΈαž„αž‡αžΆαŸ†αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ’αž‚αž·αž…αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžœαžαŸ’αžαž»αž‘αžΆαž›
Αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž”αž€αžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž‘αžΉαž€αž€αŸ’αžαŸ…
ΑžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž αŸαžΈαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αž‘αŸαžΈαž„αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž’αžΆαž›αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž»αžΈ
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Macula degeneration αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αž–αžΆαŸ’αž αž‘αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈMacula αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžšαž”αŸαžΈαž€αžŠαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαŸ‰αŸαž‘αžΈαžŽαžΆαž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αŸ—
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Αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αž–αžΆαŸ’αž αž‘αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈMacula αž‘αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αžœαŸαž™
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Mucous membrane αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αŸˆ
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ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž“αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈαžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αž“αŸƒαžšαžΆαž„αž€αžΆαž™αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸ
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Ophthalmia Neonatorumαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸαžΈαžαž‘αŸαžΈαž„αž›αŸαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αžΆαžšαž€αž†αŸ’αž„αž„αž–αžΈαž‘αŸ’αžœαžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž™αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ
Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸαžΈαžαž‘αŸαžΈαž„αž›αŸαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αžΆαžšαž€αž†αŸ’αž„αž„αž–αžΈαž‘αŸ’αžœαžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž™αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αž–αŸ’αžšαžΌαž“
Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸαžΈαžαž‘αŸαžΈαž„αž›αŸαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αžΆαžšαž€αž†αŸ’αž„αž„αž–αžΈαž‘αŸ’αžœαžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž™αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸ
Αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸαžΈαžαž‘αŸαžΈαž„αž›αŸαžΈαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αžΆαžšαž€αž†αŸ’αž„αž„αž–αžΈαž‘αŸ’αžœαžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž™αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αž•αŸ’αžŸαž·αž
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Photophobia αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž…αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…
Αž…αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž—αžΆαž–αžαŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹
Αž…αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž‘αžΈαž„αž„αžΉαžαžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„
Αž…αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž—αŸ’αž›αžΊαžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™proptosis αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž»αž‰αž‘αŸ…αž˜αž»αžαž›αžΆαž“αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
Αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžœαž·αžαžšαž½αž‰αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Ptosis αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™posterior Chamber αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Aqueous Humorαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž•αž›αž·αžαžŠαŸαžΆαž™ciliary Body
Αž•αž›αž·αžαžŠαŸαžΆαž™ciliary processes
Αž•αž›αž·αžαžŠαŸαžΆαž™lacrimal gland
Αž•αž›αž·αžαžŠαŸαžΆαž™strauma
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Astigmatism αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™ Binocular vision αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž½αž™αž˜αŸαžΈαž›αžƒαŸαžΈαž‰αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αžαŸ‚αž˜αž½αž™
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž–αžΈαžšαž˜αŸαžΈαž›αžƒαŸαžΈαž‰αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αžαŸ‚αž˜αž½αž™
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Bulbar conjunctiva αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Palpebral Conjunctiva αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Buphthalmousαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Senile Cataract αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Secondary Glaucomaαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Iridectomyαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
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Αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αŸαžΆαŸ‡αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸαžΆαž„αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΌαžšαžαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž“αŸƒαžαž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αžαž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸαžΆαž™αž–αžΈαž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž‘αŸ‡
Αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αž½αžŸαž‡αž»αž›αžαž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸ’αžšαŸαžΆαž™αž–αžΈαžšαž„αžšαž”αž½αžŸ
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Dacryocystectomyαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž„αžαž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž”αŸ’αžšαŸαžΈCanulaαž—αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αžŸαžŸαž»αžΊαžšαžΆαŸ†αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αžΉαž€αžŸαŸαžšαŸ‰αžΌαž˜
Αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αŸαžΆαŸ‡αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸαžΆαž„αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΌαžšαžαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž“αŸƒαžαž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αžαž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸαžΆαž™αž–αžΈαž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž‘αŸ‡
Αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αž½αžŸαž‡αž»αž›αžαž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸ’αžšαŸαžΆαž™αž–αžΈαžšαž„αžšαž”αž½αžŸ
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Entropionαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
ΑžšαŸαžΆαž˜αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž½αž™αžšαžΊαž–αžΈαžšαžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αžαŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž€αž–αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
ΑžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαž»αž”αžšαž˜αžΌαžšαž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„
ΑžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž„αžšαž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
ΑžšαŸαžΆαž˜αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž„αžšαž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Nystagmusαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαžŠαŸαžΆαž™αž―αž€αž―αž„αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αžš
Αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαžŸαŸ†αž‘αžΉαž„αž˜αŸαžΈαž›αž›αŸαžΈ
Αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž˜αŸαžΈαž›αž…αž»αŸ‡αž€αŸ’αžšαŸαžΆαž˜
Αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž·αž“αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαžŠαŸαžΆαž™αžŸαŸ†αž‘αžΉαž„αž‘αŸ…αž˜αž»αžαžαŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Hypertropiaαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžšαžŠαŸ€αž„αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžšαžŠαŸ€αž„αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžšαžŠαŸ€αž„αž‘αŸαžΈαž„αž›αŸαžΈ
Αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αžšαžŠαŸ€αž„αž…αž»αŸ‡αž€αŸ’αžšαŸαžΆαž˜
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Abduction Nerveαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ£αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ€αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ₯αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ¦αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…
Αž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™Adduction Nerveαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸαž™αžαžΆαŸˆ
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ£αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ€αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ₯αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„
ΑžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αžαž½αžšαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ¦αž”αž–αžΆαžΆαŸ’αž‡αž’αŸαžΆαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαŸαžΈαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž€αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„
Αž³αžŸαžAnti-paraciteαž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαŸαžΈαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αŸ…αž›αŸαžΈαž˜αŸαžšαŸαžΆαž‚αŸˆ
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸ
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž–αŸ’αžšαžΌαž“
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž•αŸ’αžŸαž·αž
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ
Αž³αžŸαžαž–αž½αž€ anti-inflammation αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Cataract
Conjunctivitis
Glaucoma
Diabetic Retinopathy
Αž³αžŸαžαž–αž½αž€ Anti-glaucoma αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Cataract
Conjunctivitis
Glaucoma
Diabetic Retinopathy
Αž³αžŸαžαž–αž½αž€ Anti-VEGF αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž—αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€
Cataract
Conjunctivitis
Glaucoma
Diabetic Retinopathy
Αž³αžŸαžαž–αž½αž€ Anti-biotic αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž—αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αžœαžΈαžšαžΈαžŸ
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž–αŸ’αžšαž½αž“
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž•αŸ’αžŸαž·αž
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ
Αž³αžŸαžαž–αž½αž€ Anti-viral αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž—αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αžœαžΈαžšαžΈαžŸ
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž–αŸ’αžšαž½αž“
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž•αŸ’αžŸαž·αž
Αž–αž–αž½αž€αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ
ΑžαžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαŸ†αž»αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžš Cranial nerve 4
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
ΑžαžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαŸ†αž»αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžš Cranial nerve 6
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
ΑžαžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαŸ†αž»αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžš Cranial nerve 3
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Superior oblique
Orbicularis muscle
ΑžαžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαŸ†αž»αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžš Cranial nerve 7
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Superior oblique
Orbicularis muscle
Αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“ power αžŸαžšαž»αž”αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Lens and Cornea αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›
+20D
+60D
+70D
+40D
Αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“ power αžŸαžšαž»αž”αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Lens αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›
+20D
+60D
+70D
+40D
Αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“ power αžŸαžšαž»αž”αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Cornea αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›
+20D
+60D
+70D
+40D
Sensory nerve αžŠαŸ‚αž› inner age the cornea αž‚αžΊ
Cranial nerve 2
Cranial nerve 4
Cranial nerve 5
Cranial nerve 6
ΑžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ cornea αž‚αžΊ
Stroma
Endothelium
Bowman’layer
Descemet’s layer
Cornea has αž˜αžΆαž“
2 layers
3 layers
4 layers
5 layers
Eyelid αž˜αžΆαž“
2 lamellars
3 lamellars
4 lamellars
5 lamellars
Orbital Bone αž‚αžΊ
Frontale bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Parietal bone
ΑžαžΎαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αŸ‚αž“αž‡αžΆαž•αŸ‚αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹Orbital bone?
Palatine
Frontal
Zygomatic
Nasal
Secretory system αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹lacrimal system αž‚αžΊ
Puntum
Canaliculus
Meiboman gland
Lacrimal sac
Excretory system αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹lacrimal system αž‚αžΊ
Lacrimal gland
Conjunctiva goblet cells
Meiboman gland
Nasolacrimal duct
Main lacrimal gland αž‚αžΊ
Meiboman gland
Lacrimal sac
Lacrimal gland
Gland of krause
Central thickness of the cornea
0.3mm
0.5mm
0.8mm
1mm
Blurred vision in Diabetic Retinopathy caused by
Vitreous hemorrhage
Conjunctivitis
Ocular allergy
Dry eye
Glaucoma is
Retinopathy
Optic neuropathy
Choroid disease
Low intraocular pressure
Presbyopia cause by
Ageing change
Eye trauma
Chemical burn
Corneal ulcer
Diabetic Retinopathy
Decreased vision caused by vitreous hemorrhage or macular edema
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is occurred before Nonproliferative diabetic retinopthy
Duration is not a risk factor of diabetic retinopathy development
Uncontrolled blood surgar is not a risk factor of DR development
Refractive errors:
Corrected by contact lenses
Myopia corrected by the plus lens
Hyperopia corrected by cylindrical lenses
Accessary lacrimal gland αž‚αžΊ:
Conjunctiva globet cells
Canaliculus
Common canaliculus
Lacrimal gland
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