CLINICAL ANALYSIS AREA: Urinalysis/ Clinical Microscopy Section

Elevated levels indicate diabetes mellitus or starvation (ketonuria)
Ketones
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic (cells, casts, crystals)
Detects red blood cells or hemoglobin (hematuria / hemoglobinuria)
Ketones
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic (cells, casts, crystals)
Elevated levels indicate liver disorders
Ketones
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic (cells, casts, crystals)
Elevated levels indicate liver or hemolytic disorders
Ketones
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic (cells, casts, crystals)
Detects bacterial infection
Ketones
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic (cells, casts, crystals)
Detects white blood cells / infection
Ketones
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic (cells, casts, crystals)
Determines the number and type of cellular elements
Ketones
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic (cells, casts, crystals)
Detects blood, bilirubin, and other pigments
Color
Clarity
Specific gravity (SG)
PH
Protein
Glucose
Detects presence of cellular and crystalline elements
Color
Clarity
Specific gravity (SG)
PH
Protein
Glucose
Measures the concentration of urine
Color
Clarity
Specific gravity (SG)
PH
Protein
Glucose
Determines the acidity / alkalinity of urine
Color
Clarity
Specific gravity (SG)
PH
Protein
Glucose
Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders (proteinuria)
Color
Clarity
Specific gravity (SG)
PH
Protein
Glucose
Elevated levels indicate diabetes mellitus (glycosuria)
Color
Clarity
Specific gravity (SG)
PH
Protein
Glucose
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