CLINICAL ANALYSIS AREA: Urinalysis/ Clinical Microscopy Section

Elevated levels indicate diabetes mellitus or starvation (ketonuria)

Detects red blood cells or hemoglobin (hematuria / hemoglobinuria)

Elevated levels indicate liver disorders

Elevated levels indicate liver or hemolytic disorders

Detects bacterial infection

Detects white blood cells / infection

Determines the number and type of cellular elements

Detects blood, bilirubin, and other pigments

Detects presence of cellular and crystalline elements

Measures the concentration of urine

Determines the acidity / alkalinity of urine

Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders (proteinuria)

Elevated levels indicate diabetes mellitus (glycosuria)