OS Admin and Security - Chapter 1

Operating System is ______

Which one is an operating system goal?

Which one is an operating system goal?

Which one is an operating system goal?

Convenience, ease of use with maximized performance and less care about resource utilization.

OS is a resource allocator

OS is a control program

Manages all resources

Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use

Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer

A computer system is organized according to the number general-purpose processors used.

A computer system is organized according to the first letter of general-purpose processor used.

Most systems use a single general-purpose processor (PDAs through mainframes)

Most systems use a double general-purpose processor (PDAs through mainframes)

Multiprocessors systems are dominating now.

Multiprocessors systems are obsolete now.

Multiprocessors are also known as ______

Tightly coupled systems contain multiple CPUs; those has more than one processor.

Which one is an advantage of Multiprocessors system?

Which one is an advantage of Multiprocessors system?

Which one is an advantage of Multiprocessors system?

What are the two types of multiprocessors system?

All scheduling decisions, I/O processing, and other system activities handled by a single processor.

Processors work in parallel and share resources.

Multiprogramming is one of OS jobs.

Multicoring is one of OS jobs.

Single user cannot keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times

Single user can keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times

______ is a basic form of parallel processing in which several programs are run at the same time on a uniprocessor.

Multiprogramming is a basic form of ______ in which several programs are run at the same time on a uniprocessor.

Since there is only one processor, there can be no true simultaneous execution of different programs.

True simultaneous execution of different programs can occur, even with one processor.

The operating system executes part of one program, then part of another, and so on. Which appears to the user that all programs are executing at the same time.

The operating system executes the entirety of all programs. Which make true simultaneous executions occur.

OS keeps other jobs in memory and on disk in ______

OS has to select a job to run one at a time in the CPU first. This is called ______

When OS has to wait, OS switches to another job.

When OS has to wait, it keeps waiting until the job is done.

Timesharing is also known as ______

Multitasking is also known as ______

A CPU switches between jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating ______ computing.

Response time should be ______ 1 second

Executed program is called ______

Each user has at least one program executing in memory

Each user has at least two program executing in memory

When several jobs ready to run at the same time, OS has to choose which to run first. This is called ______

______ requires OS to ensure reasonable response time

OS moves jobs or processes from memory to disk while waiting for other processes to execute. This is called ______

To ensure reasonable response time , OS use a part of the disk and make it work as a memory called ______ which allows execution of processes not completely in memory.

If there are no processes to execute, no I/O devices to service, and no users to whom to respond, an operating system will sit quietly, waiting for something to happen.

If you interrupt the operating system in its idle mode; it takes this interrupt as an order or process to execute.

If you interrupt the operating system in its idle mode; it might cause malfunction within the system.

The OS must maintain control over the CPU. To accomplish this goal, we can use a ______ which can be set to interrupt the CPU work after a specific time.

The OS must maintain control over the CPU. To accomplish this goal, we can use a timer- which can be set to interrupt the CPU work after a specific time. It prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources

The OS must maintain control over the CPU. To accomplish this goal, we can use a timer- which can be set to interrupt the CPU work after a specific time. It allows infinite loop / process hogging resources

The computer system has ______ operation that allows OS to protect itself and other system components.

What are the Dual-mode that allows OS to protect itself?

When the computer system is executing on behalf of a user application.

When a user application requests a service from the operating system.

______ is how a program requests a service from an operating system's kernel.

System calls include hardware-related services such as accessing a hard disk drive - creation and execution of new processes - communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling

System calls include software-related services only.

______ include hardware-related services such as accessing a hard disk drive - creation and execution of new processes - communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling

______ provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.

A ______ is a program in execution.

______ is a unit of work within the system

Program is a ______

Process is an ______

______ is an executing instance of an application.

A ______ is a path of execution within a process

A thread is a path of ______ within a process

A thread is a path of execution within a ______

A process can contain multiple threads.

A process can only contain a single thread.

Process needs resources to accomplish its task.

Process does not need resources to accomplish its task

Process termination requires reclaim of any reusable resources

Process termination creates resources by converting electricity to binary data

Single-threaded process has one ______ specifying location of next instruction to execute

Process executes instructions sequentially, one at a time, until completion.

Process executes instructions ______

______ process has one program counter per thread

Multi-threaded ______ has one program counter per thread

Multi-threaded process has one ______ per thread

Multi-threaded process has one program counter per ______

Creating and deleting both user and system processes

Suspending and resuming processes

Providing mechanisms for process synchronization

Providing mechanisms for process communication

Providing mechanisms for deadlock handling

______ is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running programs to optimize overall system performance.

Keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom

Deciding which processes (or parts thereof) and data to move into and out of memory

Allocating and deallocating memory space as needed

Holds data in memory (sometimes called random access memory or RAM) and other "built-in" devices such as the processor's L1 cache.

Holds data on hard disks, tapes, and other devices requiring input/output operations.

While managing the storage, OS activities includes:

Files usually organized into directories - Access control on most systems to determine who can access what

______ on most systems to determine who can access what

Creating and deleting files and directories - Mapping files onto secondary storage - Backup files onto stable (non-volatile) storage media

______ is much faster to access than ______.

______ can hold much more data than ______.

Movement between levels of storage hierarchy can be ______

One purpose of OS is to hide particularities of hardware devices (such as printer, mouse, keyboard) from the user

One purpose of OS is to display particularities of hardware devices (such as printer, mouse, keyboard) from the user

I/O subsystem responsible for: Memory management of I/O - General device-driver interface - Drivers for specific hardware devices

I/O subsystem responsible for: Process management of I/O - Generalisation interaction - Drivers for CPU

Storing data temporarily while it is being transferred.

Storing parts of data in faster storage for performance.

The overlapping of output of one job with input of other jobs.

______: any mechanism for controlling access of processes or users to resources defined by the OS

______: defense of the system against internal and external attacks including denial-of-service, worms, viruses, identity theft, theft of service

Systems generally first distinguish among users, to determine who can do what

Systems cannot distinguish among users

______ include name and associated number, one per user

______ then associated with all files, processes of that user to determine access control.

______ allows set of users to be defined and controls managed, then also associated with each process, file.

______ allows user to change to effective ID with more rights

A ______ represents a collection of data values as a sequence

The most common method for implementing list structure is a ______, in which items are linked to one another.

What are the linked list types?

Each item points to its successor

A given item can refer either to its predecessor or to its successor

The last element in the list refers to the first element, rather than to null

Stand-alone general purpose machines

______ provide web access to internal systems

______ are like Web terminals

Laptops (mobile computers) interconnect via ______

Handheld smartphones, tablets, etc.

Leaders of "Computing Environments - Mobile" are ______

Extra feature – more OS features (GPS, gyroscope)

Use IEEE 802.11 wireless, or cellular data networks for connectivity

Allows new types of apps like ______ (in which a view of reality is modified by a computer such as sports scores on TV during a match).

Collection of separate, possibly heterogeneous, systems networked together

The servers provide the services to clients.

Illusion of a single system

Network Operating System provides features between systems across network

______ provides features between systems across network

Many systems now ______, responding to requests generated by ______

______ provides an interface to client to request services (i.e., database)

______ provides interface for clients to store and retrieve files

Another model of distributed system

P2P does not distinguish clients and servers

P2P distinguish clients and servers

In P2P, all nodes are considered peers

In Client/Server, all nodes are considered peers

In P2P, anyone can act as client, server or both

In Client/Server, anyone can act as client, server or both

In P2P, Node must join P2P network

In Client/Server, Node must join P2P network

Registers its service with central lookup service on network

Broadcast request for service and respond to requests for service via discovery protocol

Broadcast request for service and respond to requests for service via ______

Napster and Gnutella are an example of ______

Voice over IP (VoIP) such as Skype is an example of ______

______ computing environment allows operating systems to run applications within other OSes

______ used when source CPU type different from target type (i.e. PowerPC to Intel x86

______ provides virtualization services

Delivers computing, storage, even apps as a service across a network

Logical extension of virtualization as based on virtualization

______ has thousands of servers, millions of VMs, PBs of storage available across the Internet, pay based on usage

Available via Internet to anyone willing to pay

run by a company for the company’s own use

Includes both public and private cloud components

One or more applications available via the Internet (i.e. Word processor)

Software stack ready for application use via the Internet (i.e a database server)

Servers or storage available over Internet (i.e. Storage available for backup use)

______ environments composed of traditional OSes, plus VMMs, plus cloud management tools

Internet connectivity requires security like firewalls

Internet connectivity does not require security like firewalls

In Cloud Computing environment, load balancers spread traffic across multiple applications

In Virtualization, load balancers spread traffic across multiple applications

______ is used when rigid time requirements have been placed on the operation of a processor or the flow of data

______ is often used as a control device in a dedicated application such as break system in automobiles

Embedded systems almost always run real-time operating systems

Embedded systems never run real-time operating systems

Windows CE is an example of ______

Real-time embedded systems most prevalent form of computers

Real-time embedded systems most uncommon form of computers

Vary considerable, special purpose, limited purpose OS, real-time OS, Use expanding

Many other special computing environments as well, Some have OSes, some perform tasks without an OS

______ OS has well-defined fixed time constraints

In Real-Time OS, processing must be done within constraint

In Real-Time OS, processing must be done without constraint

In Real-Time OS, correct operation only if constraints met

In Real-Time OS, correct operation only if constraints are broken

______ operating systems made available in source-code format rather than just binary closed-source

Open-Source Operating Systems are counter to the ______

Open-Source Operating Systems are counter to the ______

Open-Source Operating Systems were started by ______, which has “copyleft” GNU Public License (GPL)

Started by Free Software Foundation (FSF), which has “copyleft”

Which one is an example of Open-Source Operating Systems?

Which one is an example of Open-Source Operating Systems?

Which one is an example of Open-Source Operating Systems?

Open-Source Operating Systems Can use VMM like VMware Player (Free on Windows), Virtualbox (open source and free on many platforms - http://www.virtualbox.com)

VMM like VMware Player and Virtualbox can be used to run guest operating systems for exploration

Which one has the largest size?

Which one has the smallest size?

Which one has the lowest access time?

Which one has the highest access time?

Which one has most bandwidth?

Which one has least bandwidth?

Which one is managed by operating system?

Which one is backed by disk?