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Create an image of a complex network of computers, illustrating distributed systems in action, with connections and data flows represented graphically.

Mastering Distributed Systems Quiz

Test your knowledge and understanding of distributed systems with our comprehensive quiz. Covering various topics from concurrency control to cloud services, this quiz will challenge your grasp of the principles that govern distributed environments.

Whether you are a student, a professional, or just someone interested in distributed computing, you will find this quiz insightful and informative. Key areas include:

Concurrency Control
Distributed Databases
System Reliability
Time-Space Diagrams

63 Questions16 MinutesCreated by AnalyzingData42

Which of the following statements represent false assumptions about a Distributed System?

Latency is zero

Network is reliable

Uses the asynchronous communication model

Topology does not change

Which of the following statements is true about time-space diagrams:

They show the time evolution of a distributed system showing the processes, atomic events execution and the messages exchanged by the processes

Together with the concept of “cut” they define the Lamport scalar time

They show the time usage of the memory space in the distributed system

They help identifying security problems in a distributed system

Which of the following objectives should be achieved by concurrency control algorithms?

Guarantee that multiple transactions can be executed simultaneously while still being isolated

Schedule individual read/write operations as to achieve transaction isolation and consistency

Increase data security and privacy across several transaction

The global state of a distributed system (choose the right answer):

Is represented by the state of all processes and of all communication channels

Is represented by the state of all processes and their sent messages

Is represented by a snapshot of the memory of the distributed system’s processing nodes

Is represented by a snapshot of the messages in transit in the communication channels

Which of the following statements referring to Message Queues communication between processes are correct?

It is a type of direct communication

It is a type of indirect communication

The communication entities must be active at the same time

The communication entities may not be active at the same time

In a transaction related pessimistic concurrency control algorithm (choose the right answer):

Transactions are executed without checking for serializability condition

Transactions operation are synchronized before they are executed

Transactions operation are synchronized after they are executed

Transactions are executed and the check for serializability is done right after committing

The Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) is a measure that is specific to (choose the right answer):

Availability

Performance

Reliability

Consistency

In a Distributed Database Environment, the Global Conceptual Schema contains information about (choose the right answer):

The locations where the individual tables are stored

The database tables, their columns, data types, primary and secondary keys, etc.

How the database tables are fragmented and where the fragments are located

Which of the following statements is true about Chandy-Lamport snapshot algorithm for FIFO channels?

The marker is sent by a site before taking its snapshot

The marker is sent by a site after taking its snapshot

Which of the following statements are true for a P2P system?

A P2P system consists of many server processes and many client processes

A P2P system consists of one server process and many client processes

All P2P processes offer the same interfaces

All P2P processes run the same program

Which of the following statements describe the vertical fragmentation of a database?

Splits a table and groups the columns into fragments

Splits a table and groups the rows based on the values of one or more columns

Splits a tables and groups the rows based on the rows of another table

Splits a tables and groups the rows based on the column of another table

To improve low utilization ratio of server machines in virtual clusters it is recommended to (choose the right answer):

Increase servers' memory

Perform server consolidation

Allocate the execution of the same task on more servers

Add new server machines

Which type of cloud service provides resources allow the users to develop, deploy, and manage the execution of their applications?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS)

CAP theorem states that every distributed system can provide only two of the following properties (choose the right answer):

Consistency, Availability, Performance

Consistency, Availability, Partition-Resilience

Consistency, Access, Performance

Concurrency, Availability, Partition-Resilience

Which of the following are true about logical clocks

They capture the event causality in a more accurate way than physical time

They measure the time between two distributed system events

The time measured is expressed in nanoseconds

They can be used to timestamp the events of a distributed system execution

In RPC mode a stub is:

A remote procedure implemented by a server

A proxy of a remote procedure

A server side dispatcher module used to identify the procedure to be executed

Which of the following statements are true in case of full virtualization:

Guest OS knows that it is running in virtualized environment

Guest OS is completely abstracted from the underlying infrastructure

Guest OS is used without any modification

Guest OS is modified to replace non-virtualizable instructions with hypercalls

Bi-directional streaming is (choose the appropriate answer):

A feature of all RPC technologies

A feature of gRPC

A feature of virtualization

Which of the following is a feature of a Distributed System (DS)?

If one node fails, the rest of the DS nodes will stop execution

If one node fails, only the directly connected nodes to the failed node will stop execution

F one node fails, the rest of the nodes will continue to operate

Which of the following represent benefits of resource virtualization?

Elastic usage of hardware resource

Server consolidation

Lower energy consumption

Which of the following statements are true for a Distributed Transaction (DT)?

A DT must be of all or nothing semantics

A DT generates a transition of a database from a consistent state to a consistent state

DT’s effect is transparent to other transactions until it commits

A deadlock situation may occur in all concurrent executed DTs no matter of the concurrency control technique

Which of the following is NOT true about Java RMI?

Parameters can be passed both by reference and by value

The distributed object interface must be deployed both on client and serve

The distributed garbage collector counts both local and remote references to an object

RMI Registry is a reference implementation for a naming service

Which of the following must be satisfied by the global state of a distributed system to be consistent?

Every message recorded as sent by the sender processor should be in the communication channel or already received by the destination process

If a message is not recorded as sent it cannot be in the communication channel or already received

There should be no messages in the communication channels

The order of the sent messages recorded at the sender processes should be the same at the receiving processes.

A database is said to be distributed if (check all true statements):

All its stored data is localized at a single site

Any of its tables are stored at different sites

One or more of its tables are replicated and their copies are stored at different sites

One or more of its tables are fragmented and the fragments are stored at different sites

In a two-phase locking algorithm (check all true statements):

In the Growing Phase, the scheduler acquires all the locks a transaction is needed

In the Growing Phase, the scheduler acquires all the locks needed for write operations

In the Shrinking Phase the scheduler releases the locks as each operation completes

In the Shirking Phase the scheduler releases all locks at once after transaction terminates

Which type of failures are also known as Byzantine failures?

The omission failures

The arbitrary failures

The timing failures

The masking failures

An explicit wait-for graph may be used for implementing (choose the right answer):

A deadlock detection technique for lock-based concurrency control

A deadlock detection technique for optimistic concurrency control

In the One Phase Atomic Commit protocol (check all true statements):

The coordinator takes the commit or abort decision

The participants vote commit or abort

The coordinator together with the participants take the commit or abort decision using voting

The participants cannot decide to abort the transaction on their own

System Throughput is:

An indicator of availability

An indicator of the number of queries/requests per second

An indicator of durability

In transaction implementation technique based on write-ahead logs (check all true statements):

Each of the participant nodes keeps its own log of transaction changes

Only the coordinator keeps a log of transaction changes

The data is effectively changed only after the log is written successfully

The data is changed and then, the modification is written to the log

Which of the followings are true about vertical fragmentation of a table in distributed storage design?

Only one of the fragments must include the primary key column(s) of the original table

All fragments must include the primary key column(s) of the original table.

The fragments may not include the primary key column(s) of the original table.

Vertical fragmentation must allow table re-construction from the fragments

For which type of logical clocks the event timestamp must include the processor index for having a totally ordered events in a distributed system?

Scalar time

Vector time

Both scalar time and vector time

Which of the followings are true about atomic commit protocols in distributed transactions?

Each Participant must call the join() operation defined by the Coordinator interface;

The Coordinator must call the join() operation defined by Participants' interface

In a distributed transaction, the Coordinator must have the references to all Participants;

Check all true statements about Virtual Machines (VMs).

All VMs running on the same server must have the same guest Operating System

VMs can be replicated in multiple servers;

VM instances may be created from a template VM

The virtualization layer provides services for data exchange between VMs

Which of the followings are specific only to distributed deadlocks?

Deadlock situations are detected by using wait-for graphs;

Deadlock situations are detected by using timeout timers;

A phantom deadlock situation may happen during a deadlock detection process;

Concurrency control is the main task of:

Recovery Manager

Data Manager

Scheduler

Transaction Manager

Which of the following is the correct definition of the reliable one to one communication:

Any message in the outgoing message buffer is delivered to the incoming message buffer

The message received is identical to one sent, and no messages are delivered twice

Any message in the outgoing message buffer is delivered to the incoming message buffer and the message received is identical to one sent, and no messages are delivered twice

The transparency type that offers the same interface to a service, no matter if it is local or remote is called:

Access transparency

Location transparency

Migration transparency

Concurrency transparency

Check all true statements about a Global Conceptual Schema (GCS)

Includes how distributed tables are fragmented

Includes storage locations for distributed tables

Includes information about tables replication

Includes all primary keys of the tables

Includes all foreign keys of the tables

Google App Engine (GAE) is a type of:

Infrastructure as a Service

Software as a Service

Platform as a Service

None of the indicated answers

(True or False) Failure is easier to be detected for synchronous distributed systems than for asynchronous distributed systems

True

False

In which type of virtualization technique the guest operating system needs to be modified to be adapted to the hypervisor?

Full Virtualization of type 1

Full Virtualization of type 2

Para-Virtualization

Hardware-assisted Virtualization;

(True or False) In a distributed system, strong consistency of replicated data has a positive impact over latency.

True

False

Check all true statements about a RPC client stub

It should be compiled and linked with the client code

It should be compiled and linked with the server code

It should implement the remote procedure

It is used to achieve the goal of semantic transparency

Cat chef crezi ca mai am sa tot bag intreabari aici?

Check all true statements about a binding agent used in client - server binding process;

Binding agent location should be known by both servers and clients

Binding agent location should be known only by the clients

Communication overhead is low when most of the clients are short lived;

Replicated binding agents involves high overhead

Replicated binding agents involves low overhead

An interprocess communication where both send and receive operations are blocking operations is called:

Transient communication

Persistent communication

Synchronous communication

Asynchronous communication

Which of the following statements are true about Chandy-Lamport snapshot algorithm?

It works for all types of communication networks;

It works only for specific communication networks;

The marker must be sent by a node after taking its snapshot

Which of the followings are true about table fragmentation in distributed storage design:

Table fragments must not be replicated

Table fragments must be stored at different sites

Table fragmentation increases data processing parallelism

Table fragmentation helps in case of disaster recovery

Which of the followings are true about nested distributed transactions?

Children sub-transactions may run on different machines;

Children sub-transactions must run on the same machine;

Children sub-transactions may run in parallel;

For consistency reasons, children sub-transactions must be executed one after the other;

Consider a transaction T operating on an object x and transaction U operating on an object y. Check all true statements below.

T read / U read is a conflicting situation;

T read / U write is a conflicting situation;

T write/ U read is a conflicting situation;

T write / U write is a conflicting situation;

The mentioned operations are not conflicting situations;

Check the true statement

Asynchronous distributed system failures can be detected by using timeout timers;

Synchronous distributed system failures can be detected by using timeout timers

Timeout timers can be used for failure detection in both synchronous and asynchronous distributed systems

Which of the followings is true about a flat distributed transaction?

Each transaction operation must be completed before executing another operation;

Each transaction operation must be executed at a different site;

Transaction operations may be executed in parallel;

The unwanted situation that may happen, when the acquired locks are progressively released before transaction execution completion is called:

Lost update situation

Inconsistent retrieval situation

Cascading abort situation

Deadlock situation

Which of the followings is true about the events in a distributed system?

The timestamp of an event represents the physical time when the event happened

Concurrent logical events must occur at the same physical time

Logically concurrent events are not causally related events;

Which ACID property describes the fact that all transaction effects should be saved into permanent storage after the successful transaction commit.

Consistency

Isolation

Durability

Atomicity

Which of the followings are features of Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC) technique?

It is recommended for private workspace transaction implementations;

It is recommended for write-ahead log transaction implementations;

There are no conflicts in OCC, hence all concurrent transactions may commit without any validation;

In OCC all transactions must be validated before they are allowed to comm

Which of the followings represent benefits of resource virtualization?

Server consolidatio

Elastic usage of hardware resource

Avoids single points of failure

Limited infrastructure and resource demand

(True or False) Data replication improves data consistency.

True

False

The ability of a distributed system to limit the latency due to system faults is called:

Reliability

Consistency

Availability

Efficiency

Which of the following statements are true about the atomic Two-Phase Commit Protocol (2PC) for Distributed Transactions?

The participants must save the involved transaction data into permanent storage before voting commit;

The participants must save the involved transaction data into permanent storage after voting commit;

Each protocol step defines a timeout timer for avoiding algorithm blocking;

The coordinator may decide to commit the transaction even if a participant voted abort;

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