Bio exam 2
1. Which of the following did NOT represent a challenge that plants faced in colonizing land from the ocean?
Avoidance of herbivores
Mechanical support
Hydration
Dispersal of sperm and offspring
Protection from ultraviolet radiation
As a result of the diversification and rise to ecological dominance of angiosperms, tropical forests are thought to have become:
Cooler, shadier, and more humid.
Warmer, shadier, and drier.
More humid, with the temperature and light environment unchanged.
Cooler and drier.
Which of the following correctly describes the “fern” we see when walking in the woods?
The diploid sporophyte
The haploid sporophyte
The diploid gametophyte
The haploid gametophyte
Which taxonomic group of angiosperms contributes most to the global food supply for human societies?
Monocots
Eudicots
Grasses and fruits
Vegetables and fruits
Based on a lack of _____ in their fossil record, the earliest land plants are thought to have only been able to maintain photosynthesis intermittently.
Vascular tissues
Cuticle
Stomata
Sporopollenin
Which taxonomic group of land plants still in existence today was the dominant group of land plants when the angiosperms began their rapid increase in speciation and distribution?
Gymnosperms
Bryophytes
Ferns and horsetails
Lycophytes
Which of the following plants were present on Earth 350 million years ago?
Only lycophytes and ferns/horsetails
Angiosperms
Conifers
Ferns and horsetails
Lycophytes
Which of the following plants were present on Earth 100 million years ago?
All of these choices are correct.
Angiosperms
Conifers
Ferns and horsetails
Cycads
As discussed in the text, angiosperms are, by far, the most diverse group of plants. According to the phylogenetic tree in Figure 33.1, which group would be considered the LEAST diverse?
Coleochaete
Ferns and horsetails
Gymnosperms
Lycophytes
Green algae
Which of the following is a feature of land plants that is also found among the group of green algae from which land plants arose, and, therefore, may represent a “pre-adaptation” to life on land?
Retention of embryo by parent
Chloroplasts
Multicellular diploid generation
Cuticle
Which of the following traits were likely present in the last common ancestor of bryophytes?
Multicellular sporophytes
Vascular tissues
Stomata
Photosynthetic sporophytes
Roots
Land plants (not necessarily angiosperms) appeared in the fossil record approximately 200 million years ago, only slightly before the appearance of complex animals on Earth.
False
True
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding angiosperms?
Although the appearance of angiosperms coincided with a decrease in the overall diversity of other groups of plants, their appearance also influenced the evolution of new species of non-angiosperm plants.
Angiosperms are the second most diverse group of plants (the first is gymnosperms).
Over 400 million years ago on Earth, the landscape was dominated by angiosperm trees and shrubs.
The appearance of angiosperms on Earth did not affect the atmosphere or landscape; Earth's landscape has changed very little over the last 400 million years.
They are some of the earliest known plants to have existed on Earth, and they appeared—alongside lycophytes—approximately 400 million years ago.
With the appearance of angiosperms on Earth, all other types of plants became extinct. The conifers, cycads, and ferns seen today are in no way related to plant species existing millions of years ago.
False
True
Which of the following groups of land plants first appeared in the fossil record MOST recently?
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Ferns
Horsetails
Vascular tissue evolved first in
Lycophytes
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Gametophytes are
Haploid
Diploid
Either haploid or diploid
The first adaptation by plants to living on land was the
Waxy cover (cuticle)
Seed
Vascular tissue
Roots
Leaves
The first stomate evolved on a
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
The most evolutionarily advanced plant to contain sperm is in the
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Ferns
Lycopods
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