Physical Science Exam
A sealed container full of air is placed on top of a block of dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide). In the following questions you will use your understanding of the behavior of molecules to describe what happens as you cool the air. Which of the following best describes the behavior of the air molecules?
(A) Compressible particles like little tufts of wool that are nearly at rest and touching one another.
(B) Particles in random motion that change direction when they strike one another or the walls of a container.
(C) Objects that fill the otherwise empty space of atoms.
(D) Compressible particles like little tufts of wool that are in rapid motion in a fine fluid called ether.
(E) The continuous compressible material that fills up the space in the can.
As the temperature of the gas sitting on the dry ice decreases which of the following is decreasing?
(A) Transparency of the gas.
(B) Average molecular kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
(C) Electrical potential energy of the gas molecules,
(D) Average molecular mass of the gas molecules.
(E) Average molecular volume of the gas molecules.
As the can is cooled, what happens to the pressure inside the can?
(A) It increases because the molecules travel faster and therefore collide more often and harder with the can.
(B) It decreases because the individual molecules get smaller as they are cooled and will have more contact with the can .
(C) It remains the same because the number of molecules is the same.
(D) It decreases because the molecules’ force is transferred into kinetic energy.
(E) It decreases because the molecules move slower and therefore collide with the can less often and with less force.
Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen ions are given the same kinetic energy. If you put them in order of speed, slowest to fastest, what is the correct order?
(A) carbon, then oxygen, then nitrogen
(B) carbon, then nitrogen, then oxygen
(C) oxygen, then nitrogen, then carbon
(D) oxygen, then carbon, then nitrogen
(E) nitrogen, then carbon, then oxygen
Of the following, the one with the longest wavelength is
(A) red light.
(B) blue light.
(C) infrared light.
(D) x rays.
(E) radio waves.
Light forms diffraction and interference patterns. What does this prove about the nature of light?
(A) Light has colors.
(B) Light has electrical charge.
(C) Light carries energy.
(D) Light has particle properties.
(E) Light has wave properties.
When Brownian motion is observed, one actually SEES
(A) molecules colliding with each other.
(B) molecules colliding with larger particles.
(C) molecules moving in erratic paths.
(D) particles larger than molecules moving in erratic paths.
(E) the rapid motion of atoms inside molecules.
If samples of gases like hydrogen, neon or nitrogen are excited by sparking with electricity and if the light emitted by the gaseous sample is viewed through a diffraction grating (a piece of glass or plastic onto which many fine parallel lines are ruled), a few lines of colored light are seen. The light observed in such a spectrum is emitted when an electron in an atom
(A) "jumps" from one energy level up to another higher energy level.
(B) "jumps" from one energy level down to another lower energy level.
(C) is completely removed from the atom.
(D) is converted to the pure energy of a photon.
(E) is absorbed by the nucleus.
A high frequency sound passing through a small opening will generally be concentrated into a region directly behind the opening. A low frequency sound passing through the opening will be spread more uniformly in all directions behind the opening. This is an example of
(A) absorption.
(B) reflection.
(C) Doppler shift.
(D) refraction.
(E) diffraction.
Pure water does not conduct electricity in the solid form (ice) nor when it is a liquid. (Ordinary water containing dissolved minerals, of course, can conduct electricity well enough to kill you.) We say that pure water is
(A) an ionic conductor.
(B) a nonionic conductor.
(C) an ionic nonconductor.
(D) a nonionic nonconductor.
(E) a conductor.
A photon may be described as
(A) a small particle carrying mass and a unit of positive charge.
(B) a small particle carrying mass and a unit of negative charge.
(C) a small particle carrying no mass and one unit of charge.
(D) a small particle with energy and with a unit of positive charge.
(E) a small particle with energy and no charge.
For observing diffraction and interference of electrons by passing them through slits, what would be a suitable size for the slits?
(A) about the width of a dollar bill.
(B) about the diameter of a nickel (coin).
(C) about the thickness of a nickel (coin).
(D) about the spacing between adjacent atoms in a nickel (coin).
(E) none of the above would work.
Which of the following models of the atom does the best job of describing the behavior of electrons?
(A) quantum model
(B) Thomson model
(B) Thomson model
(D) Bohr model (modified solar system model)
(E) molecular model
Sound waves cannot travel through
(A) water vapor.
(B) liquids.
(C) a vacuum.
(D) gases.
(E) solids.
For which phenomenon would the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle be a significant consideration in describing motion?
(A) planets in orbit around the sun.
(B) space shuttle in orbit around the Earth.
(C) billiard balls on a pool table.
(D) Brownian motion of dust particles.
(E) electrons in atoms.
(F) All of the above.
(G) None of the above.
The fact that all the electrons in an atom do not fall into the orbital closest to the nucleus is evidence for
(A) the idea that all atoms are made of charged particles.
(B) the nuclear model of atoms.
(C) the energy levels in atoms.
(D) the exclusion principle.
(E) the idea that electrons in atoms behave as waves.
In a photoelectric effect experiment, first visible light is shone on a negatively charged electroscope. Next light from a special ultraviolet light source is shone on the charged electroscope. Both light sources can be made brighter or dimmer. What is observed?
(A) The light from the flashlight discharges the electroscope, while the light from the UV source does nothing.
(B) The light from the UV source discharges the electroscope, while the light from the flashlight does nothing.
(C) Both light sources discharge the electroscope, they just discharge it faster the brighter the light is.
(D) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the brighter light charging it faster.
(E) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the UV light charging it faster.
If light were only a wave, what should you observe in the photoelectric effect?
(A) The light from the flashlight discharges the electroscope, while the light from the UV source does nothing.
(B) The light from the UV source discharges the electroscope, while the light from the flashlight does nothing.
(C) Both light sources discharge the electroscope if they're bright enough. They just discharge it faster the brighter the light is.
(D) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the brighter light charging it faster.
(E) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the UV light charging it faster.
What is an orbital?
(A) The specific route the electron follows as it travels around the nucleus.
(B) A standing wave describing the probability of detecting electrons around an atom.
(C) An orbit where the electron oscillates up and down an integer number of times as it circles the nucleus.
(D) A single point in the space around an atom where an electron is located.
(E) More than one of the above.
The experiments on beams of particles derived from gases conducting electrical currents (Thomson's gas discharge tube experiments) provide direct experimental evidences for
(A) the idea that all atoms are made of charged particles.
(B) the Nuclear Model of atoms.
(C) the Uncertainty Principle.
(D) the Exclusion Principle.
(E) the idea that electrons in atoms behave as waves.
The difference between blue light and red light is that
(A) red light has more energy per photon.
(B) red light has a higher speed.
(B) red light has a higher speed.
(D) red light has a longer wavelength.
(E) blue light has a longer wavelength.
Which of the following electrons would have a larger wavelength?
Which of the following electrons would have a larger wavelength?
(B) the one with the slowest speed
(C) the one with the smallest mass
(D) all electrons have the same wavelength.
When you shoot electrons at very close slits, like those formed by the atoms in a crystal, and then detect the electrons later on a screen, what do you see?
(A) You see the "shadow" of each atom.
(B) Each electron forms an interference pattern.
(C) Each electron creates a dot, but the dots all together form an interference pattern.
(C) Each electron creates a dot, but the dots all together form an interference pattern.
(E) What you see will change each time because detecting the electrons position makes everything uncertain.
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