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EMT 1-28

Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training?

Automated external defibrillation

Oral glucose for hypoglycemia

Use of a manually triggered ventilator

Intranasal medication administration

An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced lift support (ALS) is called a(n):

EMT

Advanced EMT (AEMT)

Paramedic

EMR

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure

Is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure

Occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs

Requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:

Pulmonary ventailation

External respiration

Cellular metabolism

Alveolar Ventilation

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:

Place a bite block in between her teeth, apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, and consider inserting a nasopharyngeal airway

Maintain her airway with manual head position, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen

Wait for the seizure to stop, manually open her airway, insert an oropharyngeal airway, and assess her oxygen saturation with the pulse oximeter

Restrain her extremities to prevent her from injuring herself, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, and assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device

The main legal risk in using the AED is:

Failure of the AED's internal computer chip

Negligence on the part of the manufacturer

Not assessing for a pulse after a shock is delivered

Failing to deliver a shock when one is needed

Which type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?

Online

Direct

Off-line

Radio

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:

High oxygen levels in the tissues and cells

Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells

An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood

A decrease in arterial oxygen levels

Patients may show agitation or violence or become a threat to themselves or others when they experience a(n) _____________ emergency:

Psychiatric

Behavioral

Functional

Adjustment

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

The heart contracts with less force

The arteries supplying the heart dilate

The heart rate decreases significantly

The AV node conducts fewer impulses

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closet hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

Manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit

Administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible

Load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital

Perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly

Learning to adapt to a variety of situations in daily lift, including stresses and strains, is called:

Coping

Disruption

Behavior

Functional

You are dispatched to an apartment complex to respond to a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should:

Treat the parient where he is so that you do not destroy any evidence

Quickly more the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient

Obtain permission from law enforcement before moving anything

Drag the patient into a larger area so that you can begin treatment

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

Pyruvic acid

Adenosine triphosphate

Carbon dioxide

Lactic acid

While rescuer one is finishing his/her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:

Suction the patient's mouth and give two more ventilations

Give two breaths and prepare to start compressions

Move to the opposite side of the patient's chest

Assess for a carotid pulse for 15 seconds

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?

Rapid hear rate

Syncope or dizziness

Heart rate less than 60 beats/min

Generalized weakness

Which of the following is not considered a possible cause of a psychiatric disorder?

Social disturbance

Chemical disturbance

Emotional disturbance

Biologic disturbance

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

Naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow

Naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient

Naloxone should be administered in increments of 2mg

The effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs

An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called:

An embolism

Atherosclerosis

A thrombus

An aneurysm

A persistent feeling of sadness or despair:

Delirium

Depression

Behavioral crisis

Psychosis

Patients develop septic shock secondary to:

An infection that weakens cardiac contractions

Failure of the blood vessels to adequately dilate

Weak vessel tone caused by nervous system damage

Poor vessel function and severe volume loss

When obtaining a 12-lead ECG, the patient should be:

In a supine position with legs elevated

In a semi-Fowler's position with arms raised

In a supine position with legs uncrossed

In a semi-Flower's position with legs crossed

A condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion:

Ecchymosis

Hypovolemic shock

Hematoma

Epistaxis

_________ is a behavior that is characterized by restlessness and irregular physical activity?

Agitation

Aggression

Anxiety

Apathy

During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assist ventilations

Ask family members if the patient has a history of stoke

Ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed

Immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level

Which of the following is NOT typically linked to a psychological or behavioral crisis?

Being sad the majority of days for weeks on end

Feeling depressed week after week with no discernible cause

Thoughts of suicide

Feeling blue after the breakup of a long-term relationship

An altered mental status may arise from:

An oxygen saturation of 98%

Moderate temperatures

Inadequate blood flow to the brain

Adequate glucose levels in the blood

Which is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?

A pump

A container

Fluid

A battery

Which of the following is an example of a functional disorder:

Organic brain syndrome

Anxiety

Coping

Seizures

What is NOT a safety guideline for behavioral emergencies?

Determining the underlying psychiatric disorder

Encouraging purposeful movement

Being prepared to spend extra time

Assessing the scene

_______ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal

Anatomy

Perfusion

Physiology

Conduction

What is NOT a risk factor to consider when assessing a suicidal patient?

Does the patient appear to be well groomed

Is the environment unsafe

Is there an imminent threat to the patient or others

Is there evidence of self-destructive behavior

A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin:

Hematoma

Hemorrhage

Epistaxis

Coagulation

What is NOT a cause of nontraumatic internal bleeding?

Ulcer

Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Aneurysm

Laceration

You should request the assistance of a __________ when a mentally impaired patient refuses the hospital?

Physician

Court order

Law enforcement officer

Psychologist

When restraining a patient on a stretcher, it is necessary to constantly reassess the patient's:

Level of consciousness

Respiration and circulation status

Emotional status

Pain status

Blood flow to the left and right lungs

Atrium

Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary artery

Aorta

Blood enters the right atrium from the:

Coronary arteries

Coronary venis

Lungs

Vena cava

What is NOT a factor in the formation of blood clots?

Pumping function of the heart

Blood stasis

Ability of blood to clot

Changes to the walls of blood vessels

Blood contains all of the following EXCEPT:

White blood cells

Plasma

Cerebrospinal fluid

Platelets

What part of the human body helps the cardiovascular system adapt to changes in order to maintain homeostasis?

Respiratory system

Central nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Musculoskeletal system

The brain and spinal cord usually cannot go for more than _______ minutes without perfusion, or the nerve cells with be permanently damaged

30 to 45

12 to 20

8 to 10

4 to6

A lack of one or more of the blood's clotting factors is called:

A deficiency

Hemophilia

Platelet anomaly

Anemia

The active pursuit of a state of good health

Distress

Wellness

Eustress

Health

An established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession, or to function as an organization

Licensure

Wellness

Credentialing

Certification

Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object

Communicable disease

Infectious disease

Indirect contact

Airborne transmission

The designated area in which the EMS agency is responsible for the provision of prehospital emergency care and transportation to the hospital

Service territory

Public safety access point

Medical control

Primary service area

Reactions to stress that occur during a traumatic situation

Acute stress reactions

Psychological stress reactions

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Delayed stress reactions

A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur

Infection

Hepatitis

Exposure

Contamination

The branch of medicine that is focused on examining the health needs of entire populations with the goal of preventing health problems:

Secondary prevention

Communicable disease

Primary prevention

Public health

The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States:

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Primary prevention

Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent

Public Health

Communicable disease

Health promotion

Secondary prevention

A stress disorder characterized by gradual lessening of compassion over time:

Communicable Disease

Compassion fatigue

Moral distress

Eustress

The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent:

Immune

Pathogen

Wellness

Host

Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel:

Transmission

Infection Control

Contamination

Standard Precautions

________ damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers:

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Hepatitis

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection

Immune

Indirect Contact

Concealment

Cover

Prolonged or excessive stress

Cumulative Stress Reactions

Eustress

Delayed Stress Reactions

Psychological Stress Reactions

Cooling of the body after death until it matches the ambient temperature:

Putrefaction

Rigor Mortis

Proximate causation

Algor Mortis

The right of a patient to make informed choices regarding his or her health care:

Patient autonomy

Expressed consent

Implied consent

Informed consent

Written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession; written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk or harm

Standard of care

Informed consent

Duty to act

Scope of practice

What is false and damaging information about a person that is communicated in writing?

Assault

Libel

Slander

Defamation

Oral questions asked of parties and witnesses under oath

Defamation

Kidnapping

Interrogatories

Depositions

What is unlawfully touching a patient or providing emergency care without consent

Assault

Negligence

Battery

Discovery

Written documentation by a physician giving permission to medical personnel to not attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest

Advance directive

Duty to act

Emergency doctrine

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order

What is a wrongful act that gives rise to a civil lawsuit

Torts

Defamation

Ethics

Negligence

A term that is relating to medical jurisprudence (law) or forensic medicine

Medicolegal

Bioethics

Putrefaction

Negligence

Blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin

Rigor Mortis

Dependent lividity

Patient autonomy

Algor Mortis

Describes the sections of the abdominal cavity, in which two imaginary lines intersect at the umbilicus, dividing the abdomen into four equal areas

Lateral

Medial

Quadrants

What is the term for lying face down

Proximal

Prone

Supine

Dorsal

Ventral means:

The bottom surface of the foot

The anterior surface of the body

The straightening of a joint

The pointed extremity of a conical structure

Below a body part or nearer to the feet

Superior

Distal

Inferior

Part of a term that appears before a word root, changing the meaning of the term

Suffix

Combining vowel

Prefix

Word root

The bending of a joint

Adduction

Lateral

Flexion

Extension

The side away from you in the standard anatomic position.

Posterior

Inferior

Medial

The forward facing part of the hand in the anatomic position

Dorsal

Medial

Plantar

Palmar

The main part of a term that contains the primary meaning

Combining vowel

Word root

Suffix

Prefix

What is extension

Straightening of a joint

The pointed extremity of a conical structure

The bending of a joint

Motion toward the midline

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