EMT 1-28
Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training?
Automated external defibrillation
Oral glucose for hypoglycemia
Use of a manually triggered ventilator
Intranasal medication administration
An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced lift support (ALS) is called a(n):
EMT
Advanced EMT (AEMT)
Paramedic
EMR
In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:
Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure
Is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure
Occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs
Requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:
Pulmonary ventailation
External respiration
Cellular metabolism
Alveolar Ventilation
You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:
Place a bite block in between her teeth, apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, and consider inserting a nasopharyngeal airway
Maintain her airway with manual head position, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen
Wait for the seizure to stop, manually open her airway, insert an oropharyngeal airway, and assess her oxygen saturation with the pulse oximeter
Restrain her extremities to prevent her from injuring herself, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, and assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device
The main legal risk in using the AED is:
Failure of the AED's internal computer chip
Negligence on the part of the manufacturer
Not assessing for a pulse after a shock is delivered
Failing to deliver a shock when one is needed
Which type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?
Online
Direct
Off-line
Radio
Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:
High oxygen levels in the tissues and cells
Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells
An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood
A decrease in arterial oxygen levels
Patients may show agitation or violence or become a threat to themselves or others when they experience a(n) _____________ emergency:
Psychiatric
Behavioral
Functional
Adjustment
When the myocardium requires more oxygen:
The heart contracts with less force
The arteries supplying the heart dilate
The heart rate decreases significantly
The AV node conducts fewer impulses
You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closet hospital is 25 miles away. You should:
Manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit
Administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible
Load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital
Perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly
Learning to adapt to a variety of situations in daily lift, including stresses and strains, is called:
Coping
Disruption
Behavior
Functional
You are dispatched to an apartment complex to respond to a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should:
Treat the parient where he is so that you do not destroy any evidence
Quickly more the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient
Obtain permission from law enforcement before moving anything
Drag the patient into a larger area so that you can begin treatment
The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:
Pyruvic acid
Adenosine triphosphate
Carbon dioxide
Lactic acid
While rescuer one is finishing his/her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:
Suction the patient's mouth and give two more ventilations
Give two breaths and prepare to start compressions
Move to the opposite side of the patient's chest
Assess for a carotid pulse for 15 seconds
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?
Rapid hear rate
Syncope or dizziness
Heart rate less than 60 beats/min
Generalized weakness
Which of the following is not considered a possible cause of a psychiatric disorder?
Social disturbance
Chemical disturbance
Emotional disturbance
Biologic disturbance
EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:
Naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow
Naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient
Naloxone should be administered in increments of 2mg
The effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called:
An embolism
Atherosclerosis
A thrombus
An aneurysm
A persistent feeling of sadness or despair:
Delirium
Depression
Behavioral crisis
Psychosis
Patients develop septic shock secondary to:
An infection that weakens cardiac contractions
Failure of the blood vessels to adequately dilate
Weak vessel tone caused by nervous system damage
Poor vessel function and severe volume loss
When obtaining a 12-lead ECG, the patient should be:
In a supine position with legs elevated
In a semi-Fowler's position with arms raised
In a supine position with legs uncrossed
In a semi-Flower's position with legs crossed
A condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion:
Ecchymosis
Hypovolemic shock
Hematoma
Epistaxis
_________ is a behavior that is characterized by restlessness and irregular physical activity?
Agitation
Aggression
Anxiety
Apathy
During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:
Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assist ventilations
Ask family members if the patient has a history of stoke
Ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed
Immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level
Which of the following is NOT typically linked to a psychological or behavioral crisis?
Being sad the majority of days for weeks on end
Feeling depressed week after week with no discernible cause
Thoughts of suicide
Feeling blue after the breakup of a long-term relationship
An altered mental status may arise from:
An oxygen saturation of 98%
Moderate temperatures
Inadequate blood flow to the brain
Adequate glucose levels in the blood
Which is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?
A pump
A container
Fluid
A battery
Which of the following is an example of a functional disorder:
Organic brain syndrome
Anxiety
Coping
Seizures
What is NOT a safety guideline for behavioral emergencies?
Determining the underlying psychiatric disorder
Encouraging purposeful movement
Being prepared to spend extra time
Assessing the scene
_______ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal
Anatomy
Perfusion
Physiology
Conduction
What is NOT a risk factor to consider when assessing a suicidal patient?
Does the patient appear to be well groomed
Is the environment unsafe
Is there an imminent threat to the patient or others
Is there evidence of self-destructive behavior
A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin:
Hematoma
Hemorrhage
Epistaxis
Coagulation
What is NOT a cause of nontraumatic internal bleeding?
Ulcer
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Aneurysm
Laceration
You should request the assistance of a __________ when a mentally impaired patient refuses the hospital?
Physician
Court order
Law enforcement officer
Psychologist
When restraining a patient on a stretcher, it is necessary to constantly reassess the patient's:
Level of consciousness
Respiration and circulation status
Emotional status
Pain status
Blood flow to the left and right lungs
Atrium
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Blood enters the right atrium from the:
Coronary arteries
Coronary venis
Lungs
Vena cava
What is NOT a factor in the formation of blood clots?
Pumping function of the heart
Blood stasis
Ability of blood to clot
Changes to the walls of blood vessels
Blood contains all of the following EXCEPT:
White blood cells
Plasma
Cerebrospinal fluid
Platelets
What part of the human body helps the cardiovascular system adapt to changes in order to maintain homeostasis?
Respiratory system
Central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Musculoskeletal system
The brain and spinal cord usually cannot go for more than _______ minutes without perfusion, or the nerve cells with be permanently damaged
30 to 45
12 to 20
8 to 10
4 to6
A lack of one or more of the blood's clotting factors is called:
A deficiency
Hemophilia
Platelet anomaly
Anemia
The active pursuit of a state of good health
Distress
Wellness
Eustress
Health
An established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession, or to function as an organization
Licensure
Wellness
Credentialing
Certification
Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object
Communicable disease
Infectious disease
Indirect contact
Airborne transmission
The designated area in which the EMS agency is responsible for the provision of prehospital emergency care and transportation to the hospital
Service territory
Public safety access point
Medical control
Primary service area
Reactions to stress that occur during a traumatic situation
Acute stress reactions
Psychological stress reactions
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Delayed stress reactions
A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur
Infection
Hepatitis
Exposure
Contamination
The branch of medicine that is focused on examining the health needs of entire populations with the goal of preventing health problems:
Secondary prevention
Communicable disease
Primary prevention
Public health
The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States:
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Primary prevention
Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent
Public Health
Communicable disease
Health promotion
Secondary prevention
A stress disorder characterized by gradual lessening of compassion over time:
Communicable Disease
Compassion fatigue
Moral distress
Eustress
The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent:
Immune
Pathogen
Wellness
Host
Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel:
Transmission
Infection Control
Contamination
Standard Precautions
________ damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Hepatitis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection
Immune
Indirect Contact
Concealment
Cover
Prolonged or excessive stress
Cumulative Stress Reactions
Eustress
Delayed Stress Reactions
Psychological Stress Reactions
Cooling of the body after death until it matches the ambient temperature:
Putrefaction
Rigor Mortis
Proximate causation
Algor Mortis
The right of a patient to make informed choices regarding his or her health care:
Patient autonomy
Expressed consent
Implied consent
Informed consent
Written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession; written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk or harm
Standard of care
Informed consent
Duty to act
Scope of practice
What is false and damaging information about a person that is communicated in writing?
Assault
Libel
Slander
Defamation
Oral questions asked of parties and witnesses under oath
Defamation
Kidnapping
Interrogatories
Depositions
What is unlawfully touching a patient or providing emergency care without consent
Assault
Negligence
Battery
Discovery
Written documentation by a physician giving permission to medical personnel to not attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest
Advance directive
Duty to act
Emergency doctrine
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order
What is a wrongful act that gives rise to a civil lawsuit
Torts
Defamation
Ethics
Negligence
A term that is relating to medical jurisprudence (law) or forensic medicine
Medicolegal
Bioethics
Putrefaction
Negligence
Blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin
Rigor Mortis
Dependent lividity
Patient autonomy
Algor Mortis
Describes the sections of the abdominal cavity, in which two imaginary lines intersect at the umbilicus, dividing the abdomen into four equal areas
Lateral
Medial
Anterior
Quadrants
What is the term for lying face down
Proximal
Prone
Supine
Dorsal
Ventral means:
The bottom surface of the foot
The anterior surface of the body
The straightening of a joint
The pointed extremity of a conical structure
Below a body part or nearer to the feet
Superior
Anterior
Distal
Inferior
Part of a term that appears before a word root, changing the meaning of the term
Suffix
Combining vowel
Prefix
Word root
The bending of a joint
Adduction
Lateral
Flexion
Extension
The side away from you in the standard anatomic position.
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
Medial
The forward facing part of the hand in the anatomic position
Dorsal
Medial
Plantar
Palmar
The main part of a term that contains the primary meaning
Combining vowel
Word root
Suffix
Prefix
What is extension
Straightening of a joint
The pointed extremity of a conical structure
The bending of a joint
Motion toward the midline
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