Theory and Fundamentals of OS Exam 1
_____ operating systems are designed primarily to maximize resource utilization.
Mainframe
Network
PC
Handheld computer
The most common secondary storage device is _____.
Dynamic random access memory
Magnetic disk
Tape drives
Random access memory
A ____ can be used to prevent a user program from never returning control to the operating system.
Program counter
Portal
Firewall
Timer
Embedded computers typically run on a ____ operating system.
Clustered
Real-time
Windows XP
Network
Bluetooth and 802.11 devices use wireless technology to communicate over several feet, in essence creating a ____.
Wide-area network
Metropolitan-area network
Local-area network
Small-area network
A clustered system ____.
Is an operating system that provides file sharing across a network
Gathers together multiple CPUs to accomplish computational work
Can only operate one application at a time
Is used when rigid time requirements are present
Which of the following is a property of peer-to-peer systems?
Clients and servers are not distinguished from one another
Separate machines act as either the client of the server but not both
They do not offer any advantages over traditional client-server systems
They suffer from the server acting as the bottleneck in performance
Two important design issues for cache memory are ____.
Size and replacement policy
Speed and volatility
Size and access privileges
Power consumption and resuability
What are some examples of multimedia?
Audio and video files
DVD's
Live video over the Internet
All of the above
Which of the following statements concerning open source operating systems is true?
All open source operating systems share the same set of goals
They are always more secure than commercial, closed systems
Solaris is open source
Source code is freely available
Which of the following operating systems is not open source?
Linux
PCLinuxOS
Windows XP
BSD UNIX
A ____ provides a file-system interface which allows clients to create and modify files.
Network computer
File-server system
Wireless network
Compute-server system
The operating system kernel consists of all system and application programs in a computer.
True
False
Flash memory is slower than DRAM but needs no power to retain its contents.
False
True
Interrupts may be triggered by either hardware or software.
False
True
A _____ is an example of a systems program.
Database system
Web browser
Text formatter
Command interpreter
If a program terminates abnormally, a dump of memory may be examined by a ___ to determine the cause of the problem.
Module
Control card
Debugger
Shell
A microkernel is a kernel ____.
That is stripped of all nonessential components
Containing many components that are optimized to reduce resident memory size
That is compressed before loading in order to reduce its resident memory size
That is compiled to produce the smallest size possible when stored to disk
A boot block _____.
Tyipically only knows the location and length of the rest of the bootstrap program
Typically is sophisticated enough to load the operating system and begin its execution
Is composed of multiple disk blocks
Is composed of multiple disk cylinders
In a virtual machine, each program believes that it has ____.
Its own memory
More memory than is physically available on the machine
Multiple processors
Another "virtual" computer to assist in its operations
Java technology is
A specification of a virtual machine
A programming language specification and a specification of a virtual machine
A programming language specification
A virtual machine
_____ is not an example of a benefit of virtual machines.
Protects the host system from guest operating systems
The ability to run several different operating systems that all share the same hardware
The ability to concurrently run several different operating systems
Uses less physical memory than an actual operating system
____ provide(s) an interface to the services provided by an operating system.
Simulators
System calls
Shared memory
Communication
_____ is not one of the major categories of system calls.
Security
Protection
Communications
Process control
____ allow operating system services to be loaded dynamically.
Modules
Files systems
Graphical user interfaces
Virtual machines
Microkernels use ____ for communication.
Message passing
Shared memory
System calls
Virtualization
The Windows CreateProcess()system call creates a new process. What is the equivalent system call in UNIX:
Process()
NTCreateProcess()
Fork()
Getpid()
An initial bootstrap program is in the form of random-access memory (RAM).
True
False
System calls can be run in either user mode or kernel mode.
False
True
Application programmers typically use an API rather than directory invoking system calls.
True
False
The ____ of a process contains temporary data such as function parameters, return addresses, and local variables.
Program counter
Stack
Text section
Data section
A process control block ___.
Determines which process is to be executed next
Is an example of a process queue
Includes information on the process's state
Stores the address of the next instruction to be processed by a different process
The list of processes waiting for a particular I/O device is called a(n) ____.
Ready queue
Standby queue
Device queue
Interrupt queue
The ____ refers to the number of processes in memory.
Process count
Degree of multiprogramming
CPU scheduler
Long-term scheduler
When a child process is created, which of the following is a possibility in terms of the execution or address space of the child process?
The child process runs concurrently with the parent
The child process has a new program loaded into it
The child is a duplicate of the parent
All of the above
A _____ saves the state of the currently running process and restores the state of the next process to run.
Save-and-restore
State switch
Context switch
None of the above
A process may transition to the Ready state by which of the following actions?
Completion of an I/O event
Awaiting its turn on the CPU
Newly-admitted process
All of the above
Which of the following statements is true?
Message passing is most useful for exchanging large amounts of data
Message passing is typically faster than shared memory
Shared memory is typically faster than meassage passing
Shared memory is far more common in operating systems than message passing
The difference between a program and a process is that a program is an active entity while a process is a passive entity.
False
True
The exec()system call creates a new process.
True
False
Java does not support process creation.
True
False
For a single-processor system, there will never be more than one process in the Running state.
False
True
Using a section object to pass messages over a connection port avoids data copying.
True
False
A socket is identified by an IP address concatenated with a port number.
False
True
Sockets are considered a high-level communications scheme.
False
True
The ____ multithreading model multiplexes many user-level threads to a smaller or equal number of kernel threads.
Many-to-some model
Many-to-one model
Many-to-many model
One-to-one model
Which of the following would be an acceptable signal handling scheme for a multithreaded program?
Deliver the signal to the thread to which the signal applies
Deliver the signal to every thread in the process
Deliver the signal to only certain threads in the process
All of the above
LWP is ____.
Short for lightweight processor
Placed between system and kernel threads
Placed between user and kernel threads
Common in systems implementing one-to-one multithreading models
____ is not considered a challenge when designing applications for multicore systems.
Determining if data can be separated so that it is accessed on separate cores
Identifying data dependencies between tasks
Deciding which activities can be run in parallel
Ensuring there is a sufficient number of cores
The ___ model allows a user-level thread to be bound to one kernel thread.
Two-level
One-to-one
Many-to-one
Many-to-many
The most common technique for writing multithreaded Java programs is ____.
Implementing the Runnable interface and defining its run() method
Using the CreateThread() function
Extending the Thread class and overriding the run() method
Designing your own Thread class
A ___ uses an existing thread - rather than creating a new one - to complete a task.
Lightweight process
Asynchronous procedure call
Thread pool
Scheduler activation
Calling the start() method of a Java thread
The start() method cannot be called directly
Only creates the thread
Creates the thread and invokes its run() method
Can be either (A) or (C)
A traditional (or heavyweight) process has a single thread of control.
True
False
Linux distinguishes between processes and threads.
False
True
Which of the following is true of cooperative scheduling?
A process keeps the CPU until it releases the CPU either by terminating or by switching to the waiting state
A process switches from the running state to the ready state when an interrupt occurs
It requires a timer
It incurs a cost associated with access to shared data
___ is the number of processes that are completed per time unit.
Response time
Throughput
CPU utilization
Turnaround time
____ scheduling is approximated by predicting the next CPU burst with an exponential average of the measured lengths of previous CPU bursts.
Multileveled queue
FCFS
RR
SJF
The ____ scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time-sharing systems.
FCFS
SJF
RR
Multilevel queue
Which of the following scheduling algorithms must be nonpreemptive?
Priority algorithms
SJF
RR
FCFS
Which of the following is true of multilevel queue scheduling?
Each queue has its own scheduling algorithm
A queue cannot have absolute priority over lower-priority queues
It is the most general CPU-scheduling algorithm
Processes can move between queues
____ allows a thread to run on only one processor.
Processor set
NUMA
Load balancing
Processor affinity
With ____ a thread executes on a processor until a long-latency event (i.e. A memory stall) occurs.
Fine-grained multithreading
Coarse-grained multithreading
Multicore processors
Virtualization
A significant problem with priority scheduling algorithms is ____.
Complexity
Determining the length of the time quantum
Determining the length of the next CPU burst
Starvation
The _____ occurs in first-come-first-served scheduling when a process with a long CPU burst occupies the CPU.
System-contention scope
Convoy effect
Dispatch latency
Waiting time
In RR scheduling, the time quantum should be small with respect to the context-switch time.
True
False
The most complex scheduling algorithm is the multilevel feedback-queue algorithm.
False
True
SMP systems that use multicore processors typically run faster than SMP systems that place each processor on separate cores.
False
True
What does a CPU do when there are no programs to run?
The OS parks the disk and shuts itself down gracefully
The OS hangs
The OS keeps waiting for an interrupt
The OS prompts the user and asks for his/her decision
Virtualization does not allow a single-CPU system to appear as a multiporcessor system.
False
True
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