General Sociology Chapter 3
The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as
A society is
All these answers are correct
A fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture.
The norms, values, and beliefs of a large group of people.
The totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior.
General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called
Cultural integration.
Cultural relativism
Cultural diffusion
Cultural universals
Which of the following is considered a cultural universal?
Athletic sports
Money restrictions
None of these answers is correct
War
The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called
Cultural relativism
Value stability
Culture shock
Ethnocentrism
An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting
Monophobicism
Ethnocentrism
Xenocentrism
Cultural relativism
An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. While she does not partake in this "treat" herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting
Xenocentrism
Monophobicism
Cultural relativism
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective?
Conflict perspective
Functionalist perspective
Feminist perspective
Interactionist perspective
Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important and described in his concept of verstehen?
Ethnocentrism
Cultural integration
Cultural relativism
Xenocentrism
Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity?
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Feminist perspective
Interactionist perspective
An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called
Sanctioning
Material culture
An argot
Language
A law is
None of these answers is correct
A form of governmental social control
An informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
A norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
Informal norms are
Norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
None of these answers is correct.
Made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state.
Deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as
Formal norms
Mores
Sanctions
Informal norms
While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating
Mores
Informal norms
Formal norms
Laws
Mores are
Norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state.
Norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
None of these answers are correct
Norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as
Cultural universals
Laws
Folkways
Mores
Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as
Mores
Values
Sanctions
Folkways
According to Robin Williams, which of the following is NOT among the basic American values?
Nationalism
Equality
Frugality
The supremacy of science and reason over faith
In surveys of first-year college students conducted since 1966, which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?
Being very well off financially
Developing a meaning philosophy of life
Achieving frame
Finding true love
Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as
Folkways
Mores
Values
Sanctions
A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of
A sanction
Replication
A more
A typology
A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of
A sanction
A law
Cultural diffusion
Replication
What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation?
Cultural shock
Cultural war
Subcultures
Contracultures
Which sociological perspective would maintain that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status?
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Interactionist perspective
Global perspective
A dominant ideology is
A set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.
A subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle.
A specialized language used by members of a group or subculture.
None of these answers is correct
Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media?
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Interactionist perspective
Global perspective
Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system?
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Interactionist perspective
Feminist perspective
Discovery is the
Combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
Process of introducing new elements into a culture.
Process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
Process by which cultural items are spread to different groups.
Invention is the
Combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
Process of introducing new elements into a culture.
Process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
Process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.
Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of
Diffusion
Innovation
Invention
Discovery
Diffusion is the
Combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
Process of introducing new elements into a culture.
Process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
Process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.
English-speaking people in the U.S. Commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of
Nonmaterial culture
Cultural diffusion
Cultural shock
Cultural relativity
The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called
Norms
Materical culture
Nonmaterial culture
Values
Nonmaterial culture
Is more resistant to change than material culture.
Is less resistant to change than material culture.
Changes at the same pace as material culture.
Does not change once it has been created.
A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of
Xenocentrism
Nonmaterial culture
Material culture
Argots
The belief in a higher power can be considered
Materical culture
Nonmaterial culture
An argot
Substance culture
Culture lag is
The totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior.
Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture.
The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives.
A period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions.
An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language?
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Interactionist perspective
Feminist perspective
A subculture is
A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the dominant group.
A large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture.
The totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior.
A specialized language that is used by members of a group.
In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of
Culture
Subcultures
Contracultures
Countercultures
An ultraconservative militia group that wants all federal lands given over to private sale and citizen control is an example of
Dominant culture
Counterculture
Material culture
Dominant ideology
Culture shock is
The act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture.
The feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own.
Being unaware of the existence of other cultures.
A set of beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests
Beth, who has lived all her life an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa on a service trip and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals. It is safe to say she is experiencing
Cultural relativity
Cultural diffusion
Cultural shock
Cultural integration
Bilingualism is the use of two or more languages
In all sectors of public and private life.
In particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate.
Only in educational settings
Only in workplaces
The belief that conformity to a single language helps to unify members of a society reflects which sociological perspective?
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Interactionist perspective
Global perspective
"Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view." This statement best reflects the views of which sociological perspective?
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Interactionist perspective
Feminist perspective
Armed militia groups, such as the one that was involved in the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, are an example of
A subculture
A counterculture
A culture
Both a subculture and a counterculture
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