General Sociology Chapter 3

The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as

A society is

General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called

Which of the following is considered a cultural universal?

The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called

An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting

An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. While she does not partake in this "treat" herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective?

Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important and described in his concept of verstehen?

Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity?

An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called

Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n)

In American society, we often formalize norms into

A law is

Informal norms are

Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as

While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating

Mores are

Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as

Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as

According to Robin Williams, which of the following is NOT among the basic American values?

In surveys of first-year college students conducted since 1966, which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?

Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as

A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of

A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of

What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation?

Which sociological perspective would maintain that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status?

A dominant ideology is

Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media?

Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system?

Discovery is the

Invention is the

Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of

Diffusion is the

English-speaking people in the U.S. Commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of

The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called

Nonmaterial culture

A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of

The belief in a higher power can be considered

Culture lag is

An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language?

A subculture is

In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of

An ultraconservative militia group that wants all federal lands given over to private sale and citizen control is an example of

Culture shock is

Beth, who has lived all her life an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa on a service trip and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals. It is safe to say she is experiencing

Bilingualism is the use of two or more languages

The belief that conformity to a single language helps to unify members of a society reflects which sociological perspective?

"Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view." This statement best reflects the views of which sociological perspective?

Armed militia groups, such as the one that was involved in the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, are an example of