Chapter 17
Gustatory sensation
Smell
Taste
Hearing
Touch
What are the three kinds of epithelial taste buds ?
Supporting cells
Gustatory receptors
Basal stem cells
Supporting cells
Form the capsule that surround the gustatory cell receptors
Form the capsule that surround the basal stem cells
Basal stem cell
Produce supporting cell, which then develop into gustatory receptor cells
Produce supporting cell, which then develop into supporting cells
How long do gustatory cells last?
Live about 10 days
Live about 5 days
Live about 20 days
Last only 1 day
What are three types of papillae?
Circulative papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Fungiform papillae
Fillform papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Forms an inverted "W"
Forms and inverted "H"
Form an inverted "S"
Forms an inverted "V"
What kind of papillae degenerates early in childhood?
Filliform papillae
Foliate papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Filiform papillae
Contain no taste buds, although they do provide friction between the tongue and food
Contain taste buds, they do not provide any help with the consumption of food
Where do smell and taste project to?
A higher cortical region of the brain and the limbic system (may trigger a strong emotional memory)
A lower cortical region of the brain and lymphatic system
Humans have how many olfactory receptors? Total area?
10-10 million, total area: about 2 sq. in
10-100 million, total area: about 1 sq. in
10-1 million, total area: about 1 sq. in
Where are the olfactory receptors located?
Located at the superior inch of the cranial cavity
Located at the inferior inch of the nasal cavity
Located at the superior inch of the nasal cavity
Located at the superior inch of the abdominal cavity
What are the 3 types of cells in olfactory receptors?
Supporting cells
Basal stem cells
Browman's (olfactory gland)
Supporting cells (olfactory epithelium)
Columnar epithelial cells (they provide nourish, support, and electrical insulation and help detoxify chemicals)
Basal stem cells of olfactory receptors
Are under epithelial cells and divide to produce olfactory receptors
What are the accessory structures of the eye?
Eyebrows
Eyelids (palpebrae),
eyelashes,
lacrimal apparatus (tears)
Intrinsic eye muscles
Conjuctiva
A thin, protective mucous membrane that covers the eyeball
A thick, protective blood barrier that covers the eyeball
What are the two types of conjuctiva?
Palpebral conjuctiva
Papilla conjunctiva
bulbar conjuctiva
Bulbus conjuctiva
The eyeball measures about ______
Three inches in diameter
Two inches in diamter
One inch in diameter
Four inches in diameter
Sclera
Provides shapes and protects the outer parts
Provides shape and protects the inner parts
Provides lubrication and protects outer parts
Lens
Refracts light, made up of proteins called crystallins
Reflects light, made up of proteins called creatine
Lens (middle)
The focusing power of the lens increases as its curvature becomes greater (more round or convex)
The focusing power of the retina decreases as the curvature becomes lesser
Pigment layer
Absorbs light rays which prevents reflection and scattering of light within the eyeball
Neural layer
Multilayered outgrowth of the brain. Process visual data before it transmits it to the thalamus
Cavities of the eye?
Anterior cavity - between cornea and lens (contains aqueos humor)
Posterior cavity - between lens and retina (contains vitrous and retina humor)
How does vision work
Optic nerve>optic chiasm >optic tract>thalamus>visual cortex of the occipital lobe
Thalamus>superior colliculus >tectospinal tract (motor tract for vision)
What are the three regions of the ear
External inner
middle (3 little bones)
Inner (cochlea + semilunar canals)
What does the middle ear consist of?
Auditory ossicles (mmalleus, incus, stapes)
Auditory or eustachian tube (drain in ear canal when infant is in horizontal and tilt when you get older)
What does the internal ear (labyrinth) consist of?
Cochlea
Utricle
Hair cells
Saccule
Vestibular apparatus
Semicircular ducts
Cochlea
Contains a series of fluid filled channels and membranes that send vibrations to the organ of corti (spiral organ or organ of hearing)
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