Neuro

The finches with beaks that were best adapted to successfully retrieve food were the finches most likely to survive long enough to _______, passing to their offspring the likelihood of having a similarly adaptive beak.

The circumstances surrounding an event and the interactions between behavior, brain and environment are referred to as

Compared to rats raised in standard environments, how do rats raised in complex enriched environments differ?

Internal conditions affecting environmental context include

Phrenology is notable for being the first formal attempt at

The process by which life experiences and the environment can change gene expression is called

Broca's investigation of Tan's language disability and brain damage would be categorized as a(an) ____________ study.

Electroencephalography (EEG) directly measures

_______________ would be the preferred imaging technique to study the role of white matter pathways in the brain.

The increased popularity of ___________ has contributed to the emergence of the field of cognitive neuroscience.

The cells supporting the neurons of the brain are the ________

What are the two key propositions that guide modern neuroscience? Describe each one in a single sentence (one sentence each).

_______ are only one of the cell types found in the nervous system.

______________ have a branched structure and receive stimulation from other neurons.

The part of a neuron that sends information to another neuron is the ________

Sensory neurons ________

Negotiations can be said to involve an “intermediary” who communicates between two parties. The “intermediary” between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron is a ________

Damage to the medulla can produce problems in ________

Which of the cranial nerves extends to the body’s organs?

Being given a "pat on the back" refers to being hit on the body’s ____________ surface.

A cut through the brain that divides the two hemispheres (a cut "between the eyes") is called a ____________ section.

Visual information is processed in the ________ lobe.

A primary function of the thalamus is to ________

You’ve just been mugged and punched. Your __________ is likely highly activated at this time

The bulges on the surface of the cerebral cortex are referred to as ________

One of the specialized functions of the left cerebral hemisphere is ________

The immune response within the central nervous system (CNS) is ________

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is dedicated to the control of movement and decision making?

Voluntary intentional movements of the skeletal muscles are controlled by the ________

Which branch of the nervous system can be characterized as the “rest-and-digest” system?

Up to 80% of the brain’s neurons can be found in ________

Sensory neurons move the muscles

One function of microglia is to clean up the debris in the nervous system.

Axon

Soma

Dendrites

The point at which one neuron’s axon terminal contacts the next neuron’s dendrite is the

Because the cell membrane is permeable to some ions and relatively impermeable to others is why the neuron has

One function of the ion channels in the neuronal membrane is to

When a neuron is resting, the inside of the neuron

__________ are charged molecules

Sodium ions are concentrated in the __________________ space.

_______ would tend to move into the neuron based on both the electrical gradient and concentration gradient

The sodium-potassium pump forces sodium ions ______ the cell and potassium ions_________ the cell.

_________________ are the neuron’s means of transmitting information.

The term depolarization refers to

If depolarization of the neuronal membrane reaches threshold the result is

Where are synaptic vesicles stored?

Saltatory conduction occurs in

The neurotransmitter binds to a structure on the postsynaptic neuron called a

If different postsynaptic potentials occur at the same time but at different locations, then ______________________ is occurring.

If different postsynaptic potentials arrive at the same location but in a rapid sequence, then ______________________ is occurring

The typical resting potential of a neuron is

What determines how frequently an action potential can be generated?

The membrane potential that must be reached to trigger the opening of voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels (and initiating an action potential) is the

Action potentials tend to originate from the

The release of neurotransmitters from the vesicles is known as

Sodium want_____ potassium wants _____.