מבחן 10

1. As the world's human population keeps ___________, the natural habitats of wild animals continue to be destroyed to make way for houses, factories and highways

(1) turning

(2) growing

(3) resting

(4) learning

4. People are more likely to give money to a charitable cause when they are assured that even a dollar will help than when they are asked to _________ a large sum

(1) contribute

(2) coordinate

(3) demonstrate

(4) disregard

8. Although Francis Bacon advocated a scientific way of thinking, many superstitious and ________ beliefs are expressed in his writings.

(1) unconcerned

(2) unforeseen

(3) ungrateful

(4) unfoundedThis

Restatements

This part consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each question, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

Restatements

12. Although it is mostly desert, Saudi Arabia is one of the richest countries in the world thanks to its oil deposits.

(1) Saudi Arabia became a rich country after a large number of oil deposits were found in its deserts.

(2) Saudi Arabia's oil deposits have made the country very rich, even though most of its territory is desert.

(3) Many countries in the world have oil deposits in their deserts, but Saudi Arabia is the richest of them.

(4) Since its oil deposits have made it so rich, Saudi Arabia has been able to takeadvantage of its deserts.

13. In 1954 British philosopher Bertrand Russell suggested that a meeting of scientists be convened for the purpose of discussing nuclear disarmament.

(1) In 1954 Bertrand Russell proposed that scientists meet in order to discuss the subject of nuclear disarmament.

(2) A group of scientists that met in 1954 invited Bertrand Russell to speak about nuclear disarmament.

(3) Bertrand Russell presented his ideas to the scientists who convened in 1954 to discuss nuclear disarmament.

(4) Scientists who held a meeting in 1954 to discuss nuclear disarmament adopted many of Bertrand Russell's suggestions.

14. Few would contest the claim that Frank Lloyd Wright was the greatest American architect of the twentieth century.

(1) Only a few people can claim to be as famous as Frank Lloyd Wright, the greatest American architect of the twentieth century.

(2) Few have been able to compete with Frank Lloyd Wright for the title of greatest twentieth-century American architect.

(3) Most people are familiar with the name of the greatest American architect of the twentieth century: Frank Lloyd Wright.

(4) Most people would agree that Frank Lloyd Wright was the greatest twentieth-century American architect.

15. Clouds, water surfaces and land surfaces emit electromagnetic energy as infrared radiation, the intensity of which increases as the temperature rises.

(1) The intensity of the electromagnetic energy, or infrared radiation, emitted by clouds and by water and land surfaces causes their temperatures to rise

(2) The infrared radiation emitted by clouds and by water and land surfaces when the temperature is high is more intense than their electromagnetic energy.

(3) The higher the temperature, the more intense the electromagnetic energy in the form of infrared radiation emitted by clouds and by water and land surfaces.

(4) When the temperature is high, the intense electromagnetic energy emitted by clouds and by water and land surfaces turns into infrared radiation.

16. Columbus grossly underestimated the distance between Europe and Cathay prior to his initial voyage to the New World.

(1) Before he travelled to the New World for the first time, Columbus thought that Cathay was much closer to Europe than it actually was.

(2) It was only after travelling to Cathay from Europe that Columbus realized how great the distance between them was.

(3) Before he travelled the great distance from Europe to Cathay in the New World, Columbus had little idea of what to expect during the voyage.

(4) It took Columbus less time to travel from Europe to Cathay than he had estimated it would take before his voyage began.

17. Many American writers and poets, disillusioned with their country's moral standards, became expatriates in the post-World War I period.

(1) In the period following World War I, many American writers and poets – disappointed with America's moral standards – left their country.

(2) Although many American poets and writers were disappointed with the moral standards of their country after World War I, they remained patriots.

(3) The subjects that America's writers and poets chose to write about reflected their belief that the country's moral standards had declined following World War I.

(4) Many disillusioned American writers and poets chose to live abroad in the post-World War I period and consequently had less influence on their country's moral standards.

Reading comprehension

This part consists of two reading passages, each followed by several related questions. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Reading comprehension

This part consists of two reading passages, each followed by several related questions. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

18. The main purpose of the text is to -

(1) compare seahorses to other types of fish

(2) discuss the importance of seahorses

(3) describe different types of seahorses

(4) discuss one way in which seahorses are unusual

20. The main idea of the second paragraph is that -

(1) seahorses are not like most other animals in terms of which parent becomes pregnant

(2) there are not many animals which exist today that look as strange as the seahorse

(3) both male and female seahorses can become pregnant and give birth

(4) it is difficult to compare seahorses to other animals

21. According to the third paragraph, in what way are female seahorses like the females of other animal species?

(1) They have a brood pouch.

(2) They produce eggs.

(3) They become pregnant.

(4) They provide food for their young.

22. In lines 17-19 ("For example ... pouches") the author compares -

(1) human and seahorse pregnancies

(2) different types of mothers and babies

(3) the roles of male and female seahorses

(4) seahorse embryos and human babies

23. The main purpose of the text is to -

(1) compare different shaving devices

(2) explain why shaving is so popular today

(3) describe the types of people who shave

(4) discuss shaving in the past and present

24. The main purpose of the first paragraph is to discuss -

(1) surveys on shaving conducted in America and Europe

(2) how men's shaving habits change over their lifetime

(3) whether or not women prefer men who are clean-shaven

(4) why men shave and how much time they spend shaving

26. The Egyptian tomb painting described in the third paragraph shows that -

(1) the ancient Egyptian kings shaved their faces but not their heads

(2) some peoples shaved their beards while others did not

(3) having a beard could be a disadvantage to a man in battle

(4) the best warriors in ancient times had beards and long hair

27. According to the last paragraph, in the Roman Empire and Turkey -

(1) most men did not shave

(2) a beard was an indication of a man's social status

(3) shaving was considered an important activity

(4) only slaves had beards

Restatements

28. Simple in military terms, the Gulf War was unusually complex politically.

(1) The Gulf War would have been much simpler politically had it not been so complex militarily.

(2) The Gulf War was unusual not because of its political complexity but because of the military strategies it involved.bent shape of its molecules.

(3) It was not easy to understand the Gulf War in military terms, and its political causes were even more complicated.

(4) The Gulf War was extremely complicated politically but not at all complicated militarily.

29. Evolutionary biologist Paul Ewald contends that infection may precipitate the onset of such chronic conditions as Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis, which are generally attributed to genetics or the inevitable progression of aging.

(1) Paul Ewald has discovered that Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis, both chronic conditions, are caused by a combination of infection, genetics and aging.

(2) Paul Ewald attributes such chronic conditions as Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis not to infection, but rather to genetics and the inevitable progression of aging.

(3) Although chronic conditions like Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis are usually precipitated by aging, genetics and infection also play an important role, according to Paul Ewald.

(4) Although chronic conditions like Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis are usually thought to result from genetics or the aging process, Paul Ewald believes that these conditions can be triggered by infection.

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