Dissertation Prof Asso. Yem Sophal 6DD
1. Research is
an activity of finding facts in society or scientific world
a long essay or dissertation on a fact really happening
"re" meaning again and again plus "search"
a systematic investigation into and study of materials, methods and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
2. Research question is
a question asked in a research
a question asked in a research to form hypothesis
a question on core of the topic whose answer is a result to be written in a dissertation
the fundamental core of a research project, study. It focuses the study, determines the methodology, and guides all stages of a dissertation
3. Thesis is
a proposition involving research, written by a candidate for a college degree
a long essay involving research, written by a candidate for a college degree
a text involving research, written by a candidate for a college degree
a long essay or dissertation involving research aiming at solving a problem with accurate method, discussion and conclusion
4. Topic of a thesis ត្រូវមាន៖
what, who, where, when, why
what, who, where. when, which
what, who, where. when, worry
none of these answers
5. Topic of a thesis is composed of
what, who, where. when, wonder
what, who, where. when, widen
what, who, where. when
what, who, where. when, win
6. Which of the following best describes quantitative research?
the collection of non-numerical data
an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses
research that is exploratory
research that attempts to generate a new theory
7. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___.
a constant:
a variable
a cause-and-effect relationship
a descriptive relationship
8. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):
categorical variable
dependent variable
independent variable
intervening variable
9. All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except:
it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data
it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect
it uses the deductive scientific method
it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
10. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except:
it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest
it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and pictures
it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world
it uses the inductive scientific method
11. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships?
nonexperimental Research
experimental Research
12. What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?
extraneous variables are never present
a positive correlation usually exists
a negative correlation usually exists
manipulation of the independent variable
13. In _____, random assignment to groups is never possible and the researcher cannot manipulate the independent variable:
basic research
quantitative research
experimental research
causal-comparative and correlational research
14. What is the defining characteristic of experimental research?
resistance to manipulation
manipulation of the independent variable
the use of open-ended questions
focuses only on local problems
15. A positive correlation is present when _______:
two variables move in opposite directions
two variables move in the same direction
one variable goes up and one goes down
several variables never change.
16. Research in which the researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative research within a stage or across two of the stages in the research process is known as ______:
action research
basic research
quantitative research
mixed model research
17. Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as _____?
experimental research
historical research
replication
archival research
18. ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable:
causal-comparative research
experimental research
ethnography
correlational research
19. Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables?
age, temperature, income, height
grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance
gender, religion, ethnic group
age, temperature, income, height and grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance
20. The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods?
experimental
causal comparative
correlational
ethnography
21. The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is:
positive
negative
perfect
they are not correlated
22. Rationale for the study is to
tell why you raise the topic to study
tell when you raise the topic to study
tell a problem you raise the topic to study
tell a solution you raise the topic to study
23. General objective is
a general idea on thesis results
an aim you desire to show in your thesis
a general idea on the thesis discussion
a general idea on the thesis conclusion
24. Specific objective is
an objective defining specific point, which is separated from the general objective
an objective defining specific step, which is separated from the general objective
an objective defining specific point from the general objective that orientates the thesis hypothesis
an objective defining specific point from the general objective that orientates the thesis conclusion
25. Introduction is
a piece of the dissertation relevant to simple composition
a piece of the dissertation relevant to the disease you focus
a piece of the dissertation relevant to the background of the disease
a piece of the dissertation relevant to your topic on simple and scientific assentation
26. Literature review is to
a piece of writing relevant to what the topic needs
a piece of writing relevant to what the rationale for the study needs
a piece of writing relevant to the what the thesis results need
a piece of writing relevant to the what the objectives need
27. Cross-sectional study is
a study of prevalence of a disease
a study of percentage of a disease
a study to collect data at one specific point in time of a whole activity of a sample or subject
a study to collect data a whole activity of a sample or subject
28. Retrospective cohort study is
a historic cohort study, generally means to take a look back at events that already have taken place
a study on history of a disease that you are raising to write your dissertation
a study on history of an author that you are raising to write your dissertation
a study on disease cases happening in a period of time
a study on disease cases happening in a region of a period of time
29. Case study is
a study on disease cases happening in a period of time
a study on disease cases happening in a region of a period of time
a study or dissertation on cases of a disease or something written by a person, group, which has been studied over time
a study on disease cases happening in a group of people
30. Case control study is
a study on two groups of samples that one is a group of disease cases and another is a group of control cases
a study on two groups of samples that one is a group of ill samples and another is a group of healthy samples
a study to control ill samples so as to collect data for dissertation
a study on two groups of samples that ones using real medications and others using placebo
31. Qualitative data is
information that has high quality for writing a dissertation
information gathered from a study that is descriptive and not based on numbers and not measurable
information that has high quality for analyzing out the results
information that has high quality for building tables of a dissertation
32. Quantitative data
information that has huge quantity for writing a dissertation
information that has huge quantity for analyzing out the results
information gathered from a study that is descriptive and based on countable and measurable things
data of descriptive research
33. Correlation is
a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things or variables
a relationship between two diseases happening together
a relationship between two researches done in the same period
a relationship between two or more diseases contracted in a group of samples
34. Hypothesis is
hypo + thesis
a supposition made on the basis of the investigation results
a supposition made on the basis of the thesis objectives
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
35. Alternative hypothesis is
denoted by H1 or Ha, is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause
the hypothesis that is alternative in the dissertation
the hypothesis that determines the results differently from the rationale for the study
the hypothesis that determines the results differently from the objectives of the study
36. Null hypothesis
the hypothesis that is null (not written in the dissertation)
the hypothesis that is opposite to the conclusion of a dissertation
denoted by H0, is usually the hypothesis that sample observations result purely from chance
the hypothesis that is different from the real results of a dissertation
37. Analysis on thesis topic is aiming to be
different, pertinent, feasible, useful and acceptable
different, pertinent, feasible, useful and beneficial
new, different, feasible, useful and acceptable
new, pertinent, feasible, useful and acceptable
38. Analysis to establish tables of results is followed by
specific objectives
general objectives
rationale for the study
introduction of the thesis
39. Commentaries on tables are written on the base of
why the results happening
what and why are the results happening
what are the total results
what are contained in the table
40. Discussion is a part of a dissertation that
have to focus arguments of a group of people
have to focus on figures in tables, reasons and assertions form other authors
have to focus on fiercely debate with each others
have to write about results of other authors
41. An important practical issue to consider when designing a research project is:
Which theoretical perspective you find most interesting
Whether or not you have time to retile the bathroom first
Which colour of ring binder to present your work in
How much time and money you have to conduct the research
42. What is a research design?
A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory
The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data
The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph
43. If a study is "reliable", this means that:
It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted
The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions
The findings can be generalized to other result settings
The methods are stated clearly enough for the research to be replicated
44. In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:
The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed
The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other
A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research
An ambiguous concept whose meaning depends on how it is defined
45. What is a cross-sectional design?
A study of one particular section of society, e.g. the middle classes
One that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood
The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time
A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time
46. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
If they guide your literature search
If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
All of the answers in this question
47. Which of the following should be included in a research proposal?
Your academic status and experience
The difficulties you encountered with your previous reading on the topic
Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them
All of the answers in this question
48. Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?
Your sample frame and sampling strategy
The ethical issues that might arise
Negotiating access to the setting
All of the answers in this question
49. What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research?
Find out exactly what your institution's requirements are for a dissertation
Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use
Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee
All of the answers in this question
50. Why do you need to review the existing literature?
To make sure you have a long list of references
Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
To find out what is already known about your area of interest
To help in your general studying
51. To read critically means:
Taking an opposing point of view to the ideas and opinions expressed
Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding
Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions
Being negative about something before you read it
52. A systematic literature review is:
One which starts in your own library, then goes to on-line databases and, finally, to the internet
A replicable, scientific and transparent process
One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area
A responsible, professional process of time-management for research
53. What is meta-analysis?
A technique of correcting for the errors in individual studies within a survey of a large number of studies, to demonstrate the effect of a particular variable
A process of secondary-data gathering to assemble all the possibilities for a variable's effects
A substitute for original research, which is justified by constraints of time or money
A specialized step in a computer software program (SPSS e.g.)
54. When accessing the internet, which of these steps is the most essential?
Recording the full URL
Noting the access dates
Downloading material to be referenced
They are all equally important
55. The importance of measurement in quantitative research is that:
It allows us to delineate fine differences between people or cases
It provides a consistent device or yardstick
It allows for precise estimates of the degree of relationship between concepts
All of the answers in this question
56. Quantitative research has been criticized because:
The measurement process suggests a spurious and artificial sense of accuracy
The reliance on instruments and procedures makes it high in ecological validity
It underestimates the similarities between objects in the natural and social worlds
All of the answers in this question
57. A sampling frame is:
A summary of the various stages involved in designing a survey
An outline view of all the main clusters of units in a sample
A list of all the units in the population from which a sample will be selected
A wooden frame used to display tables of random numbers
58. A simple random sample is one in which:
From a random starting point, every nth unit from the sampling frame is selected
A non-probability strategy is used, making the results difficult to generalize
The researcher has a certain quota of respondents to fill for various social groups
Every unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected
59. It is helpful to use a multi-stage cluster sample when:
The population is widely dispersed geographically
You have limited time and money available for travelling
You want to use a probability sample in order to generalize the results
All of the answers in this question
60. Why is it important for structured interviews to follow a standardized procedure?
To increase validity, as the interview can be adapted for each respondent
To increase reliability, because all respondents receive the same interview stimulus
To allow for an in-depth exploration of the topic
To make it easier for untrained interviewers to carry out complex surveys
61. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of telephone interviewing?
Researchers do not have to spend so much time and money on travelling
Some people in the target population may not own a telephone
It can be difficult to build rapport over the telephone
Interviewers cannot use visual cues such as show cards
62. According to your text, what are the five key objectives of science?
prediction, summary, conclusion, explanation, description
influence, prediction, questions, exploration, answers
exploration, description, explanation, prediction, influence
questions, answers, prediction, explanation, summary
63. Which of the following best describes quantitative research?
the collection of nonnumerical data
an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses
research that is exploratory
research that attempts to generate a new theory
64. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called:
categorical variable
dependent variable
independent variable
intervening variable
65. All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except:
it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data
it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect
it uses the deductive scientific method
it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
66. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics
it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest
it relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures
it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world
it uses the inductive scientific method
67. Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as:
experimental research
historical research
replication
archival research
68. Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables?
age, temperature, income, height
grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance, remembering level
gender, religion, ethnic group, eye color
All of the answers in this question
69. The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research
Experimental
Causal-comparative
Correlational
Ethnography
70. The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is
Positive
Negative
Perfect
They are not correlated
71. A good qualitative problem statement:
Defines the independent and dependent variables
Conveys a sense of emerging design
Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested
Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find
72. The statement of purpose in a research study should:
Identify the design of the study
Identify the intent or objective of the study
Specify the type of people to be used in the study
Describe the study
73. One step that is not included in planning a research study is:
Identifying a researchable problem
A review of current research
Statement of the research question
Conducting a meta-analysis of the research
74. The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:
Cost and time required to conduct the study
Skills required of the researcher
Potential ethical concerns
All of the answers in this question
75. The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?
Introduction
Method
Data analysis
Discussion
76. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies
The research participants
The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study
The planned research procedures
All of the answers in this question
77. Which of the following need(s) to be obtained when doing research with children?
Informed consent from the parent or guardian
Assent from the child if he or she is capable
agree with the parents or guardian and the child
All of the answers in this question
78. Which of the following generally cannot be done in qualitative studies conducted in the field?
Getting informed consent
Keeping participants from physical harm
Maintaining consent forms
Having full anonymity rather than just confidentiality
79. Which of the following is not an ethical guideline for conducting research with humans?
Getting informed consent of the participant
Telling participants they must continue until the study has been completed
Keeping participants’ identity anonymous
Telling participants they are free to withdraw at any time
80. Ideally, the research participant's identity is not known to the researcher. This is called:
Anonymity
Confidentiality
Deception
Desensitizing
81. Research participants must give what before they can participate in a study?
Guidelines
A commitment
Informed consent
Private information
82. Which scale is the simplest form of measurement?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
83. Which of these is not a method of data collection
Questionnaires
Interviews
Experiments
Observations
84. Secondary/existing data may include which of the following?
Official documents
Personal documents
Archived research data
All of the answers in this question
85. Which one of the following is of a method of data collection:
Questionnaires
Interviews
Secondary
all of the answers in this question
86. A census taker often collects data through which of the following?
Standardized tests
Interviews
Secondary data
Observations
87. A baseline
Is used as the standard against which change induced by the treatment is assessed
Is the occurrence of a response in its freely occurring or natural state
Is first obtained prior to the administration of a treatment
all of the answers in this question
88. Which of the following is characteristic of qualitative research?
Generalization to the population
Random sampling
Unique case orientation
Standardized tests and measures
89. Phenomenology has its disciplinary origins in:
Philosophy
Anthropology
Sociology
Many disciplines
90. The type of qualitative research that describes the culture of a group of people is called
Phenomenology
Grounded theory
Ethnography
Case study
91. Which of the following does not apply to qualitative research?
Data are often words and pictures
Uses the inductive scientific method
Ends with a statistical report
Involves direct and personal contact with participants
92. The following is a step in the process of historical research?
Identifying a research topic and formulation of the research problem or question
Data synthesis
Data collection and/or literature review
All of the answers in this question
93. Which of the following is a weakness of quantitative research?
Provides precise, numerical data
The researcher’s categories that are used might not reflect local constituencies’ understandings
Testing hypotheses that are constructed before the data are collected
Can study a large number of people
94. Which of the following is a weakness of qualitative research?
The results are more easily influenced by the researcher’s personal idiosyncrasies
Data are based on the participant’s own categories of meaning
Can determine idiographic causation
Useful for describing complex phenomena
95. What is the value you calculate when you want the arithmetic average?
Mean
Median
Mode
Percentage
96. The standard deviation is
The square root of the variance
A measure of variability
An approximate indicator of how numbers vary from the mean
All of the answers in this question
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