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CTFL 2018 Sample Exam B v1.3

A detailed and engaging graphic of a software testing environment featuring test cases, charts, and a certification badge, in a modern digital art style

CTFL 2018 Sample Exam B Quiz

Test your knowledge with our comprehensive quiz based on the CTFL 2018 Sample Exam B! Designed for those preparing for a certification in testing, this quiz features 40 multiple choice questions that cover various important topics in software testing.

Get ready to evaluate your skills and knowledge with the following:

40 challenging questions
Focus on real-world testing scenarios
Immediate feedback on your answers

40 Questions10 MinutesCreated by TestingWizard47

Which of the following provides the definition of the term test case?

Subset of the value domain of a variable within a component or system in which all values are expected to be treated the same based on the specification

A set of preconditions, inputs, actions, expected results and postconditions, developed based on test conditions

Work products produced during the test process for use in planning, designing, executing, evaluating and reporting on testing

A source to determine an expected result to compare with the actual result of the system under test

Which of the following is a typical objective of testing?

To find defects and failures

To validate the project plan works as required

Ensuring of complete testing

Comparing actual results with expected results

Which of the following is an example of a failure in a car cruise control system?

The developer of the system forgot to rename variables after a cut-and-paste operation

Unnecessary code that sounds an alarm when reversing was included in the system

The system stops maintaining a set speed when the radio volume is increased or decreased

The design specification for the system wrongly states speeds

Which of the following is a defect rather than a root cause in a fitness tracker?

Because the author of the requirements was unfamiliar with the domain of fitness training, he therefore wrongly assumed that users wanted heartbeat in beats per hour

The tester of the smartphone interface had not been trained in state transition testing, so missed a major defect

An incorrect configuration variable implemented for the GPS function could cause location problems during daylight saving times

Because the designer had never worked on wearable devices before, she as designer of the user interface therefore misunderstood the effects of reflected sunlight

As a result of risk analysis, more testing is being directed to those areas of the system under test where initial testing found more defects than average.

Which of the following testing principles is being applied?

Beware of the pesticide paradox

Testing is context dependent

Absence-of-errors is a fallacy

Defects cluster together

Given the following test activities and tasks:

Test design
Test implementation
Test execution
Test completion

Entering change requests for open defect reports
Identifying test data to support the test cases
Prioritizing test procedures and creating test data
Analyzing discrepancies to determine their cause

Which of the following BEST matches the activities with the tasks?

A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

Which of the following BEST describes how value is added by maintaining traceability between the test basis and test artifacts?

Maintenance testing can be fully automated based on changes to the initial requirements

It is possible to determine if a new test case has increased coverage of the requirements

Test managers can identify which testers found the highest severity defects

Areas that may be impacted by side-effects of a change can be targeted by confirmation testing

Which of the following qualities is MORE likely to be found in a tester’s mindset rather than in a developer’s?

A tester´s mindset tends to grow and mature as the tester gains experience

Ability to see what might go wrong

Good communication with team members

Attention to detail

Given the following statements about the relationships between software development activities and test activities in the software development lifecycle:

Each development activity should have a corresponding testing activity
Reviewing should start as soon as final versions of documents become available
The design and implementation of tests should start during the corresponding development activity
Testing activities should start in the early stages of the software development lifecycle

Which of the following CORRECTLY shows which are true and false?

True – 1, 2; False – 3, 4

True – 2, 3; False – 1, 4

True – 1, 2, 4; False – 3

True – 1, 4; False – 2, 3

Given that the testing being performed has the following attributes:

Based on interface specifications
Focused on finding failures in communication
The test approach uses both functional and structural test types

Which of the following test levels is MOST likely being performed?

Integration testing

Acceptance testing

System testing

Component testing

Which of the following statements about test types and test levels is CORRECT?

Functional and non-functional testing can be performed at system and acceptance test levels, while white-box testing is restricted to component and integration testing

Functional testing can be performed at any test level, while white-box testing is restricted to component testing

It is possible to perform functional, non-functional and white-box testing at any test level

Functional and non-functional testing can be performed at any test level, while white-box testing is restricted to component and integration testing

Which of the following statements BEST compares the purposes of confirmation testing and regression testing?

The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that all previously run tests still work correctly, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to ensure that any fixes made to one part of the system have not adversely affected other parts

The purpose of confirmation testing is to check that a previously found defect has been fixed, while the purpose of regression testing is to ensure that no other parts of the system have been adversely affected by the fix

The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that any changes to one part of the system have not caused another part to fail, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to check that all previously run tests still provide the same results as before

The purpose of confirmation testing is to confirm that changes to the system were made successfully, while the purpose of regression testing is to run tests that previously failed to ensure that they now work correctly

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes a role of impact analysis in Maintenance Testing?

Impact analysis is used when deciding if a fix to a maintained system is worthwhile

Impact analysis is used to identify how data should be migrated into the maintained system

Impact analysis is used to decide which hot fixes are of most value to the user

Impact analysis is used to determine the effectiveness of new maintenance test cases

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY reflects the value of static testing?

By introducing reviews, we have found that both the quality of specifications and the time required for development and testing have increased

Using static testing means we have better control and cheaper defect management due to the ease of detecting defects later in the lifecycle

Now that we require the use of static analysis, missed requirements have decreased and communication between testers and developers has improved

Since we started using static analysis, we find coding defects that might have not been found by performing only dynamic testing

Which of the following statements on the use of checklists in a formal review is CORRECT?

As part of the review planning, the reviewers create the checklists needed for the review

As part of the issue communication, the reviewers fill in the checklists provided for the review

As part of the review meeting, the reviewers create defect reports based on the checklists provided for the review

As part of the review initiation, the reviewers receive the checklists needed for the review

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the roles and responsibilities in a formal review?

Manager – Decides on the execution of reviews

Review Leader - Ensures effective running of review meetings

Scribe – Fixes defects in the work product under review

Moderator – Monitors ongoing cost-effectiveness

The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:

There is a role of a scribe
The purpose is to detect potential defects
The review meeting is led by the author
Reviewers find potential defects by individual review
A review report is produced

Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?

Informal Review

Walkthrough

Technical Review

Inspection

You have been asked to take part in a checklist-based review of the following excerpt from the requirements specification for a library system:

Librarians can:

Register new borrowers
Return books from borrowers
Accept fines from borrowers
Add new books to the system with their ISBN, author and title
Remove books from the system
Get system responses within 5 seconds

Borrowers can:

Borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time
View the history of books they have borrowed/reserved
Be fined for failing to return a book within 3 weeks
Get system responses within 3 seconds
Borrow a book at no cost for a maximum of 4 weeks
Reserve books (if they are on-loan)

All users (librarians and borrowers):

Can search for books by ISBN, author, or title
Can browse the system catalogue
The system shall respond to user requests within 3 seconds
The user interface shall be easy-to-use

You have been assigned the checklist entry that requires you to review the specification for inconsistencies between individual requirements (i.e. Conflicts between requirements).

Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies inconsistencies between pairs of requirements?

6-10, 6-15, 7-12

6-15, 9-11

6-10, 6-15, 9-11

6-15, 7-12

Which of the following provides the BEST description of exploratory testing?

A testing practice in which an in-depth investigation of the background of the test object is used to identify potential weaknesses that are examined by test cases

An approach to testing whereby the testers dynamically designs and execute tests based on their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous tests

An approach to test design in which test activities are planned as uninterrupted sessions of test analysis and design, often used in conjunction with checklist-based testing

Testing based on the tester's experience, knowledge and intuition

Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques?

Coverage is measured based on a selected structure of the test object
The processing within the test object is checked
Tests are based on defects’ likelihood and their distribution
Deviations from the requirements are checked
User stories are used as the test basis

Using notation for the following 4 options:

Black - Black-box test techniques

White - White-box test techniques

Experience - Experience-based test techniques

Black – 4, 5 White – 1, 2; Experience – 3

Black – 3 White – 1, 2; Experience – 4, 5

Black – 4 White – 1, 2; Experience – 3, 5

Black – 1, 3, 5 White – 2; Experience – 4

A fitness app measures the number of steps that are walked each day and provides feedback to encourage the user to keep fit.

The feedback for different numbers of steps should be:

Up to 1000 - Couch Potato!

Above 1000, up to 2000 - Lazy Bones!

Above 2000, up to 4000 - Getting There!

Above 4000, up to 6000 - Not Bad!

Above 6000 - Way to Go!

Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the BEST equivalence partition coverage?

0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000

1000, 2001, 4000, 4001, 6000

123, 2345, 3456, 4567, 5678

666, 999, 2222, 5555, 6666

A daily radiation recorder for plants produces a sunshine score based on a combination of the number of hours a plant is exposed to the sun (below 3 hours, 3 to 6 hours or above 6 hours) and the average intensity of the sunshine (very low, low, medium, high).

Given the following test cases:

	Hours	Intensity	Score
T1	1.5	v. low	10
T2	7.0	medium	60
T3	0.5	v. low	10

What is the minimum number of additional test cases that are needed to ensure full coverage of ALL VALID INPUT equivalence partitions?

A smart home app measures the average temperature in the house over the previous week and provides feedback to the occupants on their environmental friendliness based on this temperature.

The feedback for different average temperature ranges (to the nearest °C) should be:

Up to 10°C - Icy Cool!

11°C to 15°C - Chilled Out!

16°C to 19°C - Cool Man!

20°C to 22°C - Too Warm!

Above 22°C - Hot & Sweaty!

Using BVA (only Min- and Max values), which of the following sets of test inputs provides the highest level of boundary coverage?

0°C, 11°C, 20°C, 22°C, 23°C

9°C, 15°C, 19°C, 23°C, 100°C

10°C, 16°C, 19°C, 22°C, 23°C

14°C, 15°C, 18°C, 19°C, 21°C, 22°C

Decision table testing is being performed on a speeding fine system. Two test cases have already been generated for rules R1 and R4, which are shown below:

	Rules	R1	R4
Conditions	Speed > 50	T	F
	School Zone	T	F
Actions	$250 Fine	F	F
	Driving license withdrawal	T	F
Given the following additional test cases:

	Rules	DT1	DT2	DT3	DT4
Input	Speed	55	44	66	77
	School Zone	T	T	T	F
Expected Result	$250 Fine	F	F	F	T
	Driving license withdrawal	T	F	T	F

Which two of the additional test cases would achieve full coverage of the complete decision table (when combined with the test cases that have already been generated for rules R1 and R4)?

DT1,DT2

DT2,DT3

DT2,DT4

DT3,DT4

Given the following state model of a battery charger software:

Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 1.29.16 PM

Which of the following sequences of transitions provides the highest level of transition coverage for the model?

OFF → WAIT → OFF → WAIT → TRICKLE → CHARGE → HIGH → CHARGE → LOW

WAIT → TRICKLE → WAIT → OFF → WAIT → TRICKLE → CHARGE → LOW → CHARGE

HIGH → CHARGE → LOW → CHARGE → TRICKLE → WAIT → TRICKLE → WAIT → TRICKLE

WAIT → TRICKLE → CHARGE → HIGH → CHARGE → TRICKLE → WAIT → OFF → WAIT

Which of the following statements BEST describes how test cases are derived from a use case?

Test cases are created to exercise defined basic, exceptional and error behaviors performed by the system under test in collaboration with actors

Test cases are derived by identifying the components included in the use case and creating integration tests that exercise the interactions of these components

Test cases are generated by analyzing the interactions of the actors with the system to ensure the user interfaces are easy to use

Test cases are derived to exercise each of the decision points in the business process flows of the use case, to achieve 100% decision coverage of these flows

Which of the following descriptions of statement coverage is CORRECT?

Statement coverage is a measure of the number of lines of source code exercised by tests

Statement coverage is a measure of the proportion of executable statements in the source code exercised by tests

Statement coverage is a measure of the percentage of lines of source code (without comments) exercised by tests

Statement coverage is a measure of the number of executable statements in the source code exercised by tests

Which of the following descriptions of decision coverage is CORRECT?

Decision coverage is a measure of the percentage of possible paths through the source code exercised by tests

Decision coverage is a measure of the percentage of business flows through the component exercised by tests

Decision coverage is a measure of the ‘if’ statements in the code that are exercised with both the true and false outcomes

Decision coverage is a measure of the proportion of decision outcomes in the source code exercised by tests

Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing?

Error guessing requires you to imagine you are the user of the test object and guess mistakes the user could make interacting with it

Error guessing involves using your personal experience of development and the mistakes you made as a developer

Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical mistakes made by developers

Error guessing requires you to rapidly duplicate the development task to identify the sort of mistakes a developer might make

Which of the following BEST explains a benefit of independent testing?

The use of an independent test team allows project management to assign responsibility for the quality of the final deliverable to the test team, so ensuring everyone is aware that quality is the test team’s overall responsibility

If a test team external to the organization can be afforded, then there are distinct benefits in terms of this external team not being so easily swayed by the delivery concerns of project management and the need to meet strict delivery deadlines

An independent test team can work totally separately from the developers, need not be distracted with changing project requirements, and can restrict communication with the developers to defect reporting through the defect management system

When specifications contain ambiguities and inconsistencies, assumptions are made on their interpretation, and an independent tester can be useful in questioning those assumptions and the interpretation made by the developer

Which of the following tasks is MOST LIKELY to be performed by the test manager?

Write test summary reports based on the information gathered during testing

Review tests developed by others

Prepare and acquire test data

Analyze, review, and assess requirements, specifications and models for testability

Given the following examples of entry and exit criteria:

The original testing budget of $30,000 plus contingency of $7,000 has been spent
96% of planned tests for the drawing package have been executed and the remaining tests are now out of scope
The trading performance test environment has been designed, set-up and verified
Current status is no outstanding critical defects and two high-priority ones
The autopilot design specifications have been reviewed and reworked
The tax rate calculation component has passed unit testing.

Which of the following BEST categorizes them as entry and exit criteria:

Entry criteria – 5, 6; Exit criteria – 1, 2, 3, 4

Entry criteria – 2, 3, 6; Exit criteria – 1, 4, 5

Entry criteria – 1, 3; Exit criteria – 2, 4, 5, 6

Entry criteria – 3, 5, 6; Exit criteria – 1, 2, 4

Given the following priorities and dependencies for these test cases:

Test Case	Priority	Technical	Logical
		dependency on:	dependency on:
TC1	High	TC4
TC2	Low
TC3	High		TC4
TC4	Medium
TC5	Low		TC2
TC6	Medium	TC5

Which of the following test execution schedules BEST considers the priorities and technical and logical dependencies?

TC1 – TC3 – TC4 – TC6 – TC2 – TC5

TC4 – TC3 – TC1 – TC2 – TC5 – TC6

TC4 – TC1 – TC3 – TC5 – TC6 – TC2

TC4 – TC2 – TC5 – TC1 – TC3 – TC6

Which of the following statements about test estimation approaches is CORRECT?

With the metrics-based approach, the estimate is based on test measures from the project and so this estimate is only available after the testing starts

With the expert-based approach, a group of expert users identified by the client recommends the necessary testing budget

With the expert-based approach, the test managers responsible for the different testing activities predict the expected testing effort

With the metrics-based approach, an average of the testing costs recorded from several past projects is used as the testing budget

Which of the following BEST defines risk level?

Risk level is calculated by adding together the probabilities of all problem situations and the financial harm that results from them

Risk level is estimated by multiplying the likelihood of a threat to the system by the chance that the threat will occur and will result in financial damage

Risk level is determined by a combination of the probability of an undesirable event and the expected impact of that event

Risk level is the sum of all potential hazards to a system multiplied by the sum of all potential losses from that system

Which of the following is MOST likely to be an example of a PRODUCT risk?

The expected security features may not be supported by the system architecture

The developers may not have time to fix all the defects found by the test team

The test cases may not provide full coverage of the specified requirements

The performance test environment may not be ready before the system is due for delivery

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an example of product risk analysis CORRECTLY influencing the testing?

The potential impact of security flaws has been identified as being particularly high, so security testing has been prioritized ahead of some other testing activities

Testing has found the quality of the network module to be higher than expected, so additional testing will not be performed in that area

The users had problems with the user interface of the previous system, so additional usability testing is planned for the replacement system

The time needed to load web pages is crucial to the success of the new website, so an expert in performance testing has been employed for this project

You are performing system testing of a train reservation system. Based on the test cases performed, you have noticed that the system occasionally reports that no trains are available, although this should actually be the case. You have provided the developers with a summary of the defect and the version of the tested system. They recognize the urgency of the defect and are now waiting for you to provide further details.

In addition to the information already provided, the following additional information is given:

Degree of impact (severity) of the defect
Identification of the test item
Details of the test environment
Urgency/priority to fix
Actual results
Reference to test case specification

Which of this information is most useful to include in the defect report?

1,2,6

1,4,5,6

2,3,4,5

3,5,6

Given the following test activities and test tools:

Performance measurement and dynamic analysis
Test execution and logging
Management of testing and testware
Test design

Requirements coverage tools
Dynamic analysis tools
Test data preparation tools
Defect management tools

Which of the following BEST matches the activities and tools?

1–B,2–C,3–D,4–A

1–B,2–A,3–C,4–D

1–B,2–A,3–D,4–C

1–A,2–B,3–D,4–C

Which of the following is MOST likely to be used as a reason for using a pilot project to introduce a tool into an organization?

The need to evaluate how the tool fits with existing processes and practices and determining what would need to change

The need to evaluate the test automation skills and training, mentoring and coaching needs of the testers who will use the tool

The need to evaluate whether the tool provides the required functionality and does not duplicate existing test tools

The need to evaluate the tool vendor in terms of the training and other support they provide

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