CHAPTER 7

In regions close to the pole with reindeer herders in Scandinavia "Saami" society (pop.46,000) it is to live under the rule of the four states. Although the society even if a flag representing the ethnic culture and some decentralization facilities (photo: Sametinget assembly in Karasjok-Norway), Saami has’t any independent or autonomous region of Saami land-based sovereignty. People are free to live in one country as in their native region, can now unhindered by the borders of four states for over twenty years. Citizenship rights and freedom of movement keep soft their relations with the sovereign states. What is the name given for Saami by the Europeans?

The United States purchased Louisiana with money from France (1803) and Florida from Spain (1819). Texas (1845), California-Arizona (1848), and New Mexico (1853) are the US- acquired territories of Mexico, by force. The wealth of oil, uranium and minerals, which was understood well after its purchase (1863), from which state did the US acquire Alaska's territory? (In 2019 summer, President Trump declared let the US buy Greenland! The Greenlanders and Denmark reacted by saying there are no land and people for sale.)

What is the largest island country in the world, where 57,000 people live, with 85 percent of them being Kalaallit-Inuit (Eskimo) and Inuit-White hybrid, which remain loyal to Denmark? (The island is about the size of three Turkey, the ice-free area, just in the summertime, it is also very little space on the waterfront. Nearest to the world pole settlement Qaanaaq at 77º, located on this island.) It has been autonomous for a long time; capital, flag, assembly, prime minister, has independent budget. It has been close to independence for eleven years. They send deputies representing the island to the Danish parliament in Copenhagen. However, they refused to become an EU member despite Denmark's membership. They have reacted to Trump's wish to buy the island, saying that our people and our country are not “for sale”.

It is a people who are the main group of the Samoyeds. They live in the Eurasian tundra (a total of 34,000 people), which is parallel to Russia's Arctic Ocean. At the northern end of European Russia is the ………………… Autonomous Region, which bears its name; only 10 thousand of the 40 thousand people here are from .…………… and Komi indigenous peoples. Of the 21,000 people living in the central city of Naryan Mar (Red Town), only a few thousand are Nenet people. Nevertheless, they attach importance to the existence of this place in terms of communication and public representation. (photos: Celebration of the 80th anniversary of autonomy in Naryan Mar. – In front of the Cultural Center in Naryan Mar.)

Today's Saha people are a nation of Turkish descent, who, at least two thousand years ago, advanced to Siberia crossing the Sayan mountains and along the Lena river, differentiating as fish-deer subsistence fur hunters. It is the largest autonomous country in the world in the enormous Lena drainage basin (3.1 million km²). It is rich in minerals and is worldwide in production of …………… ..; as an autonomous state, it renewed its share agreement with the central federal state (Russian Federation) in its favor. The name of the capital (Tissuskay in its language) is the same as the country name and nation name. (Saha is their original name, but another official name that the world knows.) Half of the population (1 million) is Saha (490 thousand). Others: Russian 35 percent (350 thousand), Ukrainian 20 thousand; and small numbers of Siberian peoples such as Evenk, Even, Tatar, Buryat, Dolgan, Yugakir, Çukçi live. Although the Sahalar and Siberian peoples are Orthodox like the Russians, Shaman-Gok Tengri retains their cultural characteristics. What is the publicy known official name of this Saha’s country/nation/capital city (same), what is the rich mine worldwide they have?

It is one of the countries of Europe with vast lands. With an area of 103 thousand km², it is larger than, for example, Portugal, or Austria. Despite this area, it is the only country in Europe where there is no railway (train and metro). (Let's count the island of Cyprus in Asia, let alone the only city of Andorra, Malta and San Marino, the farthest corners within walking distance.) Half of its population (365 thousand) lives in the capital, its three small towns are close to the capital, all the other settlements are villages, 5-6 hours away from villages by car, there is no public domestic flight and rail transport as there is no need for public transportation. There is a main highway that runs around the country, total road length is extremely short as 1322 km. The vehicle park is 273 thousand; It is the "number one" country with the highest vehicle ownership rate in Europe with 750 cars per 1000 people. What is this country?