Pediatric final test- 2014

A pediatrician examining a newborn in a bright hospital room, with educational charts on the wall, emphasizing child health and safety.

Pediatric Knowledge Quiz

Test your knowledge on pediatric medicine with our comprehensive quiz designed for healthcare professionals and enthusiasts alike. This quiz covers a wide range of topics related to pediatric assessment, development, and common conditions in infants and children.

Key Features:

Multiple choice format for easy selection
Covers a variety of pediatric topics
Ideal for self-assessment and learning

61 Questions15 MinutesCreated by CaringChild345

Choose true sentences concerning body temperature checking techniques.

It is not possible to check infants body temperature in nonaggressive way.

Proper body temperature in infants is higher than in adults.

Body temperature depends on the gender.

None of above is true

Acronym TORCH is used in health history when the doctor asks about:

Baby’s health status immediately after birth.

Maternal diseases during pregnancy.

Previous vaccinations

Social conditions.

Choose the normal physical findings in infants:

Respiratory rate 70-80/min.

Cardiac rate 100-140/min

Liver palpable 2 cm below the costal margin

Closed anterior fontanel in 5-month-old infant

Sign the proper physical parameters in an average child at the end of 3 year of life (the head circumference at birth was 36 cm):

Height - 95 cm, weight - 15 kg, head circumference - 51-52 cm

Height - 87 cm, weight - 10 kg, head circumference - 50 cm

Height - 95 cm, weight - 12,5 kg, head circumference - 51 cm

Height - 110 cm, weight - 18 kg, head circumference - 53-54 cm

Which of the following signs can be associated with hydrocephalus: 1/ enlarged fontanels, 2/ “setting-sun” sign, 3/ dilatation of blood vessels on the head, 4/ wide spaces of skull sutures:

1,2

1,2,3,4

2,3,4

1,3,4

Enlargement of breast glandular tissue in girls younger than 2 years is called:

Premature thelarche

Premature pubarche.

Premature adrenarche.

Premature menarche.

Which of the following factor (s) is/are essential for normal development of genitals in girls:

Testosterone.

Dihydrotestosterone.

5-α- reductase.

None of above.

Enlargement of the scrotum in 1-month-old boy may be caused by:

An inguinal (scrotal) hernia.

A hydrocele.

Retractile testes.

All of above

In the course of normal puberty in girls, adenarche is responsible for the following sign (-s):

Pubarche.

Thelarche.

Body odor.

Menarche.

Which of the following results in ambiguous genitalia in newborn girl?***

Increased androgen production during fetal life.

Inadequate androgen action.

Abnormalities in the androgen receptors.

5-α-reductase deficiency.

Sign the true sentence/-es:

The proper reaction of 3-month-old child to the sound is turning head towards the source of sound.

The opticopalpebral reflex is a good way for checking newborns’ vision.

An infant at the end of 3 month of life can follow objects in 180-degree angle.

Few-day-old newborns can fixate momentarily (for example mother’s face).

Find the false sentences about gross motor development

7-month-old infant stands by itself

1.5-month-old infant rolls over

7-month-old infant born in 28 Hbd (week of gestation) must sit without support

1-year-old child can steadily jump forward

Cooing compromises of vowel sounds, so infants around the world coo identically

Both sentences are true

Both sentences are false

First sentence is true, second one is false

First sentence is false, second one is true

5 minutes after the term delivery of an infant the following symptoms and signs were noted: some flexion of extremities, central cyanosis, heart rate below 100/min., irregular breathing and no response to catheter in nostril. Total scores in Apgar scale is:

1 point

2 points

3 points

4 points

Choose the correct answers concerning the prognosis in the mentioned above newborn:

With such an Apgar score mortality rate is 50%.

With such an Apgar score there is a 3 fold increase in some neurological abnormalities in the 1-st year of age.

Apgar score has no influence on the future development of this particular newborn, because it was born at term.

Only in preterm newborns a low Apgar score is predictive for future poorer psycho- motor development.

An edematous swelling of the scalp in newborn caused by prolonged pressure of the occiput against the cervix during labor is called:

Physiologic craniotabes

Cephalhaematoma.

Erythema toxicum.

Caput succedaneum.

Meconium should be present to the end of first 24 hours of life. If it’s not, surgical consultation should be performed immediately.

The first sentence is true, the second one is not.

The first sentence is not true, but the second one is.

Both sentences are true, and there is a correlation between

Both sentences are not true.

Find the false sentences about surfactant:

It’s increases the surface tension of fluid that lines the alveoli

Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by a deficiency of surfactant in immature lungs

The level of deficiency of surfactant depends on the rank of prematurity

Surfactant is a lipoprotein which is produced by alveolar epithelium

22. Newborns’ circulation is characterized by: 1/ presence of fine murmurs, 2/ spherical shape of heart, 3/ range of normal heart rate from 90/min during sleep, to above 160/min during activity, 4/ heart size to body ratio is lower in comparison to adults. True is:

All of above

1,2,3

2,3,4

1,3,4

Which of the following factors protect the newborns from the loss of heat:

Presence of adipose tissue

Newborns’ usual direct position

Presence of brown fat

The neonates’ proportionally lower surface area in relation to the body weight

Newborns’ kidneys are able to concentrate urine to one and one-half osmolality of plasma, so neonate is protected against dehydration

Both sentences are true

Both sentences are false

First sentence is true, second one is false

First sentence is false, second one is true

SGA (small-for-gestational age) is a newborn:

Born below 38 week of gestation

Born with birth body weight (BBW) <10-90>percentile for gestational age

Born with BBW <10 percentile for gestational age

Born below 28 week of gestation

26. A grayish-white, cheesy-like consistency substance, covering the newborn’s skin is called:

Milia

Lanugo

Vernix caseosa

Erythema toxicum

Which of the characteristics most clearly differentiates the venous hum murmur from murmur heard in patent ductus arteriosus?

Position of auscultation on the chest wall.

Heard in both systole and diastole.

Venous hum murmur is always of low intensity.

Exaggeration of disappearance of murmur by position of head.

Find the true sentences about 1-st heart’s sound:

It’s produced by opening the semilunar valves

It’s loudest over the base of heart

It becomes quietest in patients suffering from hydropericardium

All above are false

Find the false sentences about innocent murmurs:

Most of them are diastolic murmurs

Intensity depends on the presence of fever

They are not common during childhood

They always need the deeper cardiologic diagnostics

What symptoms may indicate cardiac failure in infants

Difficulty in feeding

Respiratory rate 40/min

Cardiac rate 180/min

Liver palpable 4 cm below the costal margin

An inability to passively flex the neck forward is named

Nuchal rigidity.

Upper Kernig sign.

Neck stiffness.

Nuchal Brudzinski sign.

To stretch reflexes belongs: a/ Romberg test, b/ knee jerk, c/ Rossolimo jerk, d/ passage test. True answer is:

All

None

A,b,c

B,c

Newborn, after the birth trauma, presented signs of Bell’s palsy. It means:

Asymmetry of upper part of the face

Asymmetry of lower part of the face

Asymmetry of a half of a face on the affected side

Asymmetry of a half of a face on the opposite side

34. The signs suggesting spasticity are: 1/ “the clasp-knife phenomenon”, 2/ “cogwheel tremor”, 3/ positive Babinski reflex, 4/ “scissors” position of lower limbs. True are:

1,2,3

1,3,4

2,3,4

1,2,4

Coordination tests are all of the following, except:

“Screwing the bulbs”

Romberg test

Handmill test

Knee jerk

36. A 3-year-old boy suffers from high fever, tachypnea and stridor. What do you suspect?

Epiglottis inflammation.

Laryngitis.

Pharyngitis.

Obturative bronchitis.

Expiratory high pitch wheezes heard with stethoscope and/or without stethoscope in narrowing of lower respiratory tracts are called:

Rales

Fine crackles

Wheezing

Bronchial stridor

What is characteristic for hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil?

The age of child between 2 and 3 years

Snoring during sleep

Opened mouth

Chronic rhinitis and excretory otitis media

Foreign body falls typically to the right bronchus, because of:

Right bronchus is wider.

Right bronchus lies lower.

Right bronchus lies more vertically.

Right bronchus lies closer to bifurcation.

Wheezes, rhonchi, coarse crackles can be present in all following cases, except:

Asthma

Pulmonitis

Bronchitis

Sore throat

Phenomena of rebound tenderness (Blumberg’s sign) is a sign of:

Hepatomegaly

Dynamic ileus

Peritoneal irritation

Ascites

Episodically increased, hyperactive, tinkling bowel sounds are characteristic of

The early stages of the mechanical ileus.

Dynamic ileus

Electrolyte disorder (hypokalemia)

Peritoneal hemorrhage

Choose the correct statement regarding atresia of the oesophagus:

A history of maternal polyhydramnios exists

The catheter cannot be inserted into the stomach immediately after birth.

The infant has excessive oral and pharyngeal secretions

The onset of symptoms may be delayed up to the age of one month

Hirschsprung’s disease results from:

Congenital defect of central nervous system

A congenital absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexus

Congenital glucose intolerance

Loss of normal peristalsis activity of part of bowel because of abnormal innervation

Enlargement of the abdomen limited to the epigastrium may be caused by:

Imperforated anus

Acute dilatation of the stomach

Pyloric stenosis ( the large stomach with visible peristaltic waves and collapse of the hypogastrium)

Atresia or stenosis of the duodenum

9-month-infant, who presents intermittent colicky pain, vomiting and bloody mucus in examination per rectum is suspected of :

Habitual constipation

Hirschsprung’s disease (aganglionic megacolon)

Pyloric stenosis

Intussusception

50. What laboratory findings are characteristic for RBC in iron deficiency anaemia

Microcystosis

Hypochromia

Anizocystosis

Decreases red cell distribution width (RDW)

The reticulocyte count is low in:

Hemorrhage

Acute acquired hemolytic anemia

Aplastic anemia

Enzymatic defects of red blood cells

Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia should be continued for:

Normal blood values.

One week after blood values are normal.

Two weeks after blood values are normal

Two months after blood values are normal.

Physiologic adjustment to anaemia includes:

Increased oxygen extraction (increased arteriovenous difference).

Decreased cardiac output.

Shunting of blood flow toward vital organs and tissues.

Bradycardia.

The main causes of physiologic anaemia include:

An abrupt cessation of erythropoiesis with onset of respiration.

Increased level of erythropoietin.

A shortened survival span of the foetal red cells

The sizeable expansion of blood volume that accompanies rapid weight gain during the first 3 months of life.

Contraindications to breast feeding:

HCV infection in mother.

HSV infection of the breast.

Cytostatic treatment (chemiotheraphy) in mother.

Immaturity of the newborn.

Typical daily menu of 6-month-old artificially-fed infant looks as follows: 3 x 220 ml of starting formula, 1 x 200 ml vegetable soup without meat, 1 x fresh apple, 1 x 220 ml starting formula with grain gruel. Choose right sentence(-s).

There should be 5 meals a day instead of 6 .

There is too big volume of formula per day.

There shouldn’t be grain gruel in this age

There should be meat in this diet.

Sign the true sentence/-es:

During infancy vit D3 is given to everybody since October to March in dose 400 IU/day.

Vit K is given to neonate in first day of life and to every breast-fed infant since 8 day of life to the end of 3 month of life.

Regurgitation is common in infants particularly up to 6 month of life and it can persist up to 12 month.

The main treatment of colic is using laxatives.

Choose the right sentences about cellular components of human milk.

Neutrophils are 70% of all blood cells present in human milk.

Macrophages are 50% of cells present in human milk.

Lymphocytes B and T amount in human milk is almost the same like in mother’s blood.

Colostrum is very rich in cellular components comparing with following mother’s milk.

Symptom(-s), which can suggest infant‘s underfeeding is (are):

According to an interview - infant is „still crying“.

The weight increase rate is 50 grams per month.

Infant needs no more than 3 diapers changing during 24 hrs.

It is impossible to suspect underfeeding based on the above symptoms

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