Pediatric final test- 2014
Pediatric Knowledge Quiz
Test your knowledge on pediatric medicine with our comprehensive quiz designed for healthcare professionals and enthusiasts alike. This quiz covers a wide range of topics related to pediatric assessment, development, and common conditions in infants and children.
Key Features:
- Multiple choice format for easy selection
- Covers a variety of pediatric topics
- Ideal for self-assessment and learning
Choose true sentences concerning body temperature checking techniques.
It is not possible to check infants body temperature in nonaggressive way.
Proper body temperature in infants is higher than in adults.
Body temperature depends on the gender.
None of above is true
Acronym TORCH is used in health history when the doctor asks about:
Baby’s health status immediately after birth.
Maternal diseases during pregnancy.
Previous vaccinations
Social conditions.
Choose the normal physical findings in infants:
Respiratory rate 70-80/min.
Cardiac rate 100-140/min
Liver palpable 2 cm below the costal margin
Closed anterior fontanel in 5-month-old infant
Sign the proper physical parameters in an average child at the end of 3 year of life (the head circumference at birth was 36 cm):
Height - 95 cm, weight - 15 kg, head circumference - 51-52 cm
Height - 87 cm, weight - 10 kg, head circumference - 50 cm
Height - 95 cm, weight - 12,5 kg, head circumference - 51 cm
Height - 110 cm, weight - 18 kg, head circumference - 53-54 cm
Which of the following signs can be associated with hydrocephalus: 1/ enlarged fontanels, 2/ “setting-sun” sign, 3/ dilatation of blood vessels on the head, 4/ wide spaces of skull sutures:
1,2
1,2,3,4
2,3,4
1,3,4
Enlargement of breast glandular tissue in girls younger than 2 years is called:
Premature thelarche
Premature pubarche.
Premature adrenarche.
Premature menarche.
Which of the following factor (s) is/are essential for normal development of genitals in girls:
Testosterone.
Dihydrotestosterone.
5-α- reductase.
None of above.
Enlargement of the scrotum in 1-month-old boy may be caused by:
An inguinal (scrotal) hernia.
A hydrocele.
Retractile testes.
All of above
In the course of normal puberty in girls, adenarche is responsible for the following sign (-s):
Pubarche.
Thelarche.
Body odor.
Menarche.
Which of the following results in ambiguous genitalia in newborn girl?***
Increased androgen production during fetal life.
Inadequate androgen action.
Abnormalities in the androgen receptors.
5-α-reductase deficiency.
Sign the true sentence/-es:
The proper reaction of 3-month-old child to the sound is turning head towards the source of sound.
The opticopalpebral reflex is a good way for checking newborns’ vision.
An infant at the end of 3 month of life can follow objects in 180-degree angle.
Few-day-old newborns can fixate momentarily (for example mother’s face).
Find the false sentences about gross motor development
7-month-old infant stands by itself
1.5-month-old infant rolls over
7-month-old infant born in 28 Hbd (week of gestation) must sit without support
1-year-old child can steadily jump forward
Cooing compromises of vowel sounds, so infants around the world coo identically
Both sentences are true
Both sentences are false
First sentence is true, second one is false
First sentence is false, second one is true
5 minutes after the term delivery of an infant the following symptoms and signs were noted: some flexion of extremities, central cyanosis, heart rate below 100/min., irregular breathing and no response to catheter in nostril. Total scores in Apgar scale is:
1 point
2 points
3 points
4 points
Choose the correct answers concerning the prognosis in the mentioned above newborn:
With such an Apgar score mortality rate is 50%.
With such an Apgar score there is a 3 fold increase in some neurological abnormalities in the 1-st year of age.
Apgar score has no influence on the future development of this particular newborn, because it was born at term.
Only in preterm newborns a low Apgar score is predictive for future poorer psycho- motor development.
An edematous swelling of the scalp in newborn caused by prolonged pressure of the occiput against the cervix during labor is called:
Physiologic craniotabes
Cephalhaematoma.
Erythema toxicum.
Caput succedaneum.
Meconium should be present to the end of first 24 hours of life. If it’s not, surgical consultation should be performed immediately.
The first sentence is true, the second one is not.
The first sentence is not true, but the second one is.
Both sentences are true, and there is a correlation between
Both sentences are not true.
Find the false sentences about surfactant:
It’s increases the surface tension of fluid that lines the alveoli
Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by a deficiency of surfactant in immature lungs
The level of deficiency of surfactant depends on the rank of prematurity
Surfactant is a lipoprotein which is produced by alveolar epithelium
22. Newborns’ circulation is characterized by: 1/ presence of fine murmurs, 2/ spherical shape of heart, 3/ range of normal heart rate from 90/min during sleep, to above 160/min during activity, 4/ heart size to body ratio is lower in comparison to adults. True is:
All of above
1,2,3
2,3,4
1,3,4
Which of the following factors protect the newborns from the loss of heat:
Presence of adipose tissue
Newborns’ usual direct position
Presence of brown fat
The neonates’ proportionally lower surface area in relation to the body weight
Newborns’ kidneys are able to concentrate urine to one and one-half osmolality of plasma, so neonate is protected against dehydration
Both sentences are true
Both sentences are false
First sentence is true, second one is false
First sentence is false, second one is true
SGA (small-for-gestational age) is a newborn:
Born below 38 week of gestation
Born with birth body weight (BBW) <10-90>percentile for gestational age
Born with BBW <10 percentile for gestational age
Born below 28 week of gestation
26. A grayish-white, cheesy-like consistency substance, covering the newborn’s skin is called:
Milia
Lanugo
Vernix caseosa
Erythema toxicum
Which of the characteristics most clearly differentiates the venous hum murmur from murmur heard in patent ductus arteriosus?
Position of auscultation on the chest wall.
Heard in both systole and diastole.
Venous hum murmur is always of low intensity.
Exaggeration of disappearance of murmur by position of head.
Find the true sentences about 1-st heart’s sound:
It’s produced by opening the semilunar valves
It’s loudest over the base of heart
It becomes quietest in patients suffering from hydropericardium
All above are false
Find the false sentences about innocent murmurs:
Most of them are diastolic murmurs
Intensity depends on the presence of fever
They are not common during childhood
They always need the deeper cardiologic diagnostics
What symptoms may indicate cardiac failure in infants
Difficulty in feeding
Respiratory rate 40/min
Cardiac rate 180/min
Liver palpable 4 cm below the costal margin
An inability to passively flex the neck forward is named
Nuchal rigidity.
Upper Kernig sign.
Neck stiffness.
Nuchal Brudzinski sign.
To stretch reflexes belongs: a/ Romberg test, b/ knee jerk, c/ Rossolimo jerk, d/ passage test. True answer is:
All
None
A,b,c
B,c
Newborn, after the birth trauma, presented signs of Bell’s palsy. It means:
Asymmetry of upper part of the face
Asymmetry of lower part of the face
Asymmetry of a half of a face on the affected side
Asymmetry of a half of a face on the opposite side
34. The signs suggesting spasticity are: 1/ “the clasp-knife phenomenon”, 2/ “cogwheel tremor”, 3/ positive Babinski reflex, 4/ “scissors” position of lower limbs. True are:
1,2,3
1,3,4
2,3,4
1,2,4
Coordination tests are all of the following, except:
“Screwing the bulbs”
Romberg test
Handmill test
Knee jerk
36. A 3-year-old boy suffers from high fever, tachypnea and stridor. What do you suspect?
Epiglottis inflammation.
Laryngitis.
Pharyngitis.
Obturative bronchitis.
Expiratory high pitch wheezes heard with stethoscope and/or without stethoscope in narrowing of lower respiratory tracts are called:
Rales
Fine crackles
Wheezing
Bronchial stridor
What is characteristic for hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil?
The age of child between 2 and 3 years
Snoring during sleep
Opened mouth
Chronic rhinitis and excretory otitis media
Foreign body falls typically to the right bronchus, because of:
Right bronchus is wider.
Right bronchus lies lower.
Right bronchus lies more vertically.
Right bronchus lies closer to bifurcation.
Wheezes, rhonchi, coarse crackles can be present in all following cases, except:
Asthma
Pulmonitis
Bronchitis
Sore throat
Phenomena of rebound tenderness (Blumberg’s sign) is a sign of:
Hepatomegaly
Dynamic ileus
Peritoneal irritation
Ascites
Episodically increased, hyperactive, tinkling bowel sounds are characteristic of
The early stages of the mechanical ileus.
Dynamic ileus
Electrolyte disorder (hypokalemia)
Peritoneal hemorrhage
Choose the correct statement regarding atresia of the oesophagus:
A history of maternal polyhydramnios exists
The catheter cannot be inserted into the stomach immediately after birth.
The infant has excessive oral and pharyngeal secretions
The onset of symptoms may be delayed up to the age of one month
Hirschsprung’s disease results from:
Congenital defect of central nervous system
A congenital absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexus
Congenital glucose intolerance
Loss of normal peristalsis activity of part of bowel because of abnormal innervation
Enlargement of the abdomen limited to the epigastrium may be caused by:
Imperforated anus
Acute dilatation of the stomach
Pyloric stenosis ( the large stomach with visible peristaltic waves and collapse of the hypogastrium)
Atresia or stenosis of the duodenum
9-month-infant, who presents intermittent colicky pain, vomiting and bloody mucus in examination per rectum is suspected of :
Habitual constipation
Hirschsprung’s disease (aganglionic megacolon)
Pyloric stenosis
Intussusception
49. Prolapse of the anus may result from:
Fibrocystic disease
Chronic constipation
Polyps
Myoneural disorder
50. What laboratory findings are characteristic for RBC in iron deficiency anaemia
Microcystosis
Hypochromia
Anizocystosis
Decreases red cell distribution width (RDW)
The reticulocyte count is low in:
Hemorrhage
Acute acquired hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Enzymatic defects of red blood cells
Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia should be continued for:
Normal blood values.
One week after blood values are normal.
Two weeks after blood values are normal
Two months after blood values are normal.
Physiologic adjustment to anaemia includes:
Increased oxygen extraction (increased arteriovenous difference).
Decreased cardiac output.
Shunting of blood flow toward vital organs and tissues.
Bradycardia.
The main causes of physiologic anaemia include:
An abrupt cessation of erythropoiesis with onset of respiration.
Increased level of erythropoietin.
A shortened survival span of the foetal red cells
The sizeable expansion of blood volume that accompanies rapid weight gain during the first 3 months of life.
An iron-storage protein which may be marked in the serum is:
Transferin
Ferritin
Hemosiderin
Protoporphyrin
Contraindications to breast feeding:
HCV infection in mother.
HSV infection of the breast.
Cytostatic treatment (chemiotheraphy) in mother.
Immaturity of the newborn.
Typical daily menu of 6-month-old artificially-fed infant looks as follows: 3 x 220 ml of starting formula, 1 x 200 ml vegetable soup without meat, 1 x fresh apple, 1 x 220 ml starting formula with grain gruel. Choose right sentence(-s).
There should be 5 meals a day instead of 6 .
There is too big volume of formula per day.
There shouldn’t be grain gruel in this age
There should be meat in this diet.
Sign the true sentence/-es:
During infancy vit D3 is given to everybody since October to March in dose 400 IU/day.
Vit K is given to neonate in first day of life and to every breast-fed infant since 8 day of life to the end of 3 month of life.
Regurgitation is common in infants particularly up to 6 month of life and it can persist up to 12 month.
The main treatment of colic is using laxatives.
Choose the right sentences about cellular components of human milk.
Neutrophils are 70% of all blood cells present in human milk.
Macrophages are 50% of cells present in human milk.
Lymphocytes B and T amount in human milk is almost the same like in mother’s blood.
Colostrum is very rich in cellular components comparing with following mother’s milk.
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