Ports

Harbors can be broadly classified as: I. Natural harbors II. Semi – natural harbors III. Artificial harbors IV. Commercial harbors

2: A port is a harbor in which terminal facilities are provided. The different types of ports are as follows: I. Ocean port II. Inland port III. Entry port IV. Free port

The harbor entrance should, if possible, be located on the ______ of the harbor.

Generally the width of the harbor entrance should be __________.

The maximum current velocity through the harbor entrance should not exceed _________

For a single – berth pier, the clear water area between two piers should be ______ to allow for tugboat assistance.

The stopping distance of a ship will depend on factors such as ship speed, the displacement and shape of the hull, and horsepower ratio. The stopping distance of a loaded ship is

When more than one ship has to be accommodated along the berth, a clearance length of _________ should be provided between the adjacent ships.

For harbor basins, the width required to permit a ship to swing freely into a berth is ___________ for berths at 45°.

For harbor basins, the width required to permit a ship to swing freely into a berth is _______ for berths at 90°.

The safety distance between two moored tankers or moored tanker and a passing ship, will depend upon the overall layout of the harbor, the number of tugboats assisting in the berthing or unberthing operation, the environmental conditions and the population of in the area. The safety distance between a moored oil tanker and a passing ship shall be:

The size of water area for anchorages will therefore primarily depend on the number, type and size of ships, which require protection and the type of mooring system available. The water depth at an anchoring area should preferably not exceed approximately _______ due to the length of the anchor chain of the ship. The bottom condition must not be too hard, otherwise the anchor will be dragged along the bottom and not dig into the sea bottom.

Waves continue to grow after they reach a velocity equal to _____ but at a decreasing rate. Energy losses from friction, transfer of energy into currents and the development of white caps means the wave will not grow until the wave speed reaches the wind speed. The wind speed is 146 kph.

The ratio of the wave length to its height for ocean waves is between:

A very long standing wave on a large but limited body of water generally occurring when a storm dies down after producing a wind tide is called:

Waves generated by storms, which occur outside area of observation.

An instrument used to measure the intensity of wind

A wave generated in deep water, when reaching shoaling waters, changes not only its height but also in its length but the period will _________.

An open water of navigable depth is called:

Waves are formed by the frictional drag of wind across the water surface. This is a process of transferring energy from wind to water. Water particles are moved from their position by the wind, and then returned to the original position by gravity, which is a restoring force. These waves are called:

The pressure against a vertical wall due to waves is called

A change in the dissection of travel of the wave with change in depth of water which distributes wave energy along the seashore unevenly is called: