CH22

The pivotal figure at the Congress of Vienna, Prince Klemens von Metternich, represented

Austria

England

Prussia

Russia

The first revolution after the settlement reached at the Congress of Vienna occurred in 1820 in

Poland

Russia

Italy

Spain

The Revolution of 1830 in France was largely a result of

The harsh treatment that France had received at the Congress of Vienna

Nationalistic demands to restore French domination over Europe as it had existed in Napoleon's time

Working-class disturbances inspired by the death of Louis XVIII, who had supported economic reform

The hostility of the bourgeoisie to oppressive measures imposed by Charles X, the "ultra"-royalist king

The Reform Act of 1832

Granted unions the right to strike

Eliminated so-called "rotten boroughs"

Extended suffrage to workers

Dramatically restricted the power of the monarchy

The June Revolution in Paris was carried out by

A coalition of workers and intellectuals

The bourgeoisie

A coalition of the bourgeoisie and moderate working-class leaders

Workers

The most powerful and effective force for change in the German states in 1848 was the

Demand of the peasantry for land reform and relief from their manorial obligations

Desire of the liberal middle classes to establish constitutional republics

Nationalist sentiment that supported German unification but sometimes disagreed on the means for achieving it

Protest of factory workers for improved factory conditions and wages

As a result of the Frankfurt Assembly

A united German republic was proclaimed, with a democratically elected president

A united Germany emerged, ruled by the Austrian emperor, whose state included the largest population of Germans

A parliamentary union was proclaimed, but it failed because the Prussian king refused the offer to become its constitutional monarch

Liberalism in Germany, although temporarily defeated, established itself as the major movement of the future

The most serious threat to Austrian unity came from

Middle-class liberalism

The Magyars in Hungary

Northern Italy

Bohemia

The Italian revolutionary uprisings of 1848–1849 ended in independence from the Austrians in

Both Milan and Venice

Milan

Neither Milan nor Venice

Venice

The revolutions of 1848 were undermined, in large part, by

The failure of liberalism to win substantial support

The lack of real issues to motivate rebellion

The popularity of conservatism

Class divisions and nationalist animosities

The revolutions in Central Europe in 1848 demonstrated that

Ruling authorities embraced nationalism to increase their power

Nationalists were deeply passionate about the rights of other peoples

Nationalism and liberalism were not natural allies

Nationalism and liberalism were natural allies

Francis Palacky is regarded by many as the father of the ________ nation

Romanian

Italian

Hungarian

Czech

One of the major goals of Metternich at the Congress of Vienna was to

Encourage the revolutionary ideals of the French Revolution

Remove power from traditional authorities and invest it in the middle classes

Create a balance of power among the European states

Endorse the spirit of nationalism among ethnic minorities

When expansionist ambitions threatened the Congress of Vienna, Prince Talleyrand of France suggested that Britain, Austria, and France form an alliance against

Prussia and Russia

Italy and Poland

Poland and Prussia

Russia and Italy

All of the following experienced a failed revolution between 1820 and 1829 EXCEPT

Russia

Italy

Greece

Spain

In the early nineteenth century, Britain

Enacted only the political reforms called for by the Chartists

Initiated gradual reforms, with the support of the Whigs and sometimes the king, to prevent revolutions

Shared Metternich's fear that change was threatening and rejected calls for all reforms except religious ones

Was free of any social unrest or violence because there was little sympathy for economic or political change

All of the demands of the Chartists were eventually realized in Britain EXCEPT

Annual elections for Parliament

Universal manhood suffrage

The secret ballot

The abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament

At the conclusion of the Revolution of 1848 in France, Louis Napoleon became president of the Second Republic in an election in which ________ could vote

Only the bourgeoisie

All adult males and females

Only the workers

All adult males

The failure of revolution in Germany in 1848 resulted, in part, from

Ethnic rivalry

The collapse of the alliance between middle-class liberals and urban artisans

The mass support enjoyed by conservatives

The refusal of the ruling class to take violent measures that might have kept enthusiasm for revolution high

The Hapsburg Empire was bound together by

Language and culture

Ethnic homogeneity

Religious unity

Dynastic inheritance

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