Research Exam Definitions Part 1
Research Exam Definitions Part 1
Test your knowledge with our engaging quiz focused on key research concepts and definitions. Designed for students and professionals alike, this quiz covers a range of topics that are crucial for understanding research methodologies and practices.
- Multiple-choice questions
- Incremental learning approach
- Ideal for research students and practitioners
A research strategy aimed at initiating change processes, with an incremental focus, for narrowing the gap between the desired and actual states.
Action research
Problem statement
Exploratory research
Basic research
Research conducted to generate knowledge and understanding of phenomena that adds to the existing body of knowledge.
Applied research
Fundamental research
Action research
Primary research
Cluster sampling within a specified area or region, a probability sampling design.
Systematic sampling
Random sampling
Area sampling
Convenience sampling
Focuses on collecting information about a specific object, event or activity, such as a particular business unit or organization.
Ethnography
Case study
Survey study
Grounded theory
A scale that uses multiple items to seek a single response.
Category scale
Itemized scale
Likert scale
Paired comparative scale
A research study conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationships among variables.
Exploratory study
Descriptive study
Field study
Causal study
A probability sampling design in which the sample comprises groups or chunks of elements with intragroup heterogeneity and intergroup homogeneity.
Area sampling
Cluster sampling
Stratified sampling
Judgement sampling
Contains predetermined categories for recording what is observed.
Coding schemes
Funneling
Category scale
Sampling frame
A scale that provides a benchmark or point of reference to assess attitudes, opinions, and the like.
Paired comparative scale
Comparative scale
Forced choice scale
Category scale
Members of a social group under study are not told they are being observed.
Unconcealed observation
Pure observation
Pure participation
Concealed observation
Relates to whether the members of the social group under study are told that they are being observed.
Concealment of observation
Concealed observation
Unconcealed observation
Pure observation
A scale developed through the unanimous agreement of a panel of judges as to the items that measure a concept.
Judgement scale
Interval scale
Consensus scale
Dichotomous scale
A scale where the respondents distribute a a fixed number of points across several items.
Constant or Fixed Sum scale
Itemized rating scale
Consensus scale
Comparative scale
Establishes the representative sampling of a whole set of items that measures a concept, and reflects how well the dimensions and elements thereof are delineated.
Criterion-related validity
Reliability
Validity
Content validity
An artificially created or "lab" environnement in which research is concluded.
Contrived setting
Uncontrived setting
Concealed
Unconcealed
Observational research is carried out under carefully arranged conditions.
Uncontrolled observation
Controlled observation
Structured observation
Unstructured observation
A nonprobability sampling design in which information or data for the research are gathered from members of the population conveniently accessible to the researcher.
Clustered sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Random sampling
That which is established when the measure differentiates individuals on a criterion that is expected to predict.
Predictive validity
Content validity
Criterion-related validity
Construct validity
A research study for which data are gathered just once to answer the research question.
Cross-sectional study
Longitudinal study
Field study
Research study
A step-by-step process that involves the identification of published and unpublished work from secondary data sources on the topic of interest, the evaluation of this work in relation to the problem, and the documentation of this work.
Abstract
Introduction
Recommendations
Literature review
The application of a general theory to a specific case.
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Internal reasoning
External reasoning
A research study that describes the variables in a situation of interest to the researcher.
Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Correlational study
Causal study
Scale used to elicit a Yes/No response, or an answer to two different aspects of a concept.
Likert scale
Stapel scale
Dichotomous scale
Graphic rating scale
A probability sampling design that involves the process collecting information from a set of subjects twice - such as using a sample to collect preliminary information, and later using a subsample of the primary sample for more information.
Systematic sampling
Quota sampling
Cluster sampling
Double sampling
Code of conduct or expected societal norms of behavior.
Philosophy
Ethics
Antropology
Onthology
A research process in which the anthropologist closely observes, records, and engages in the daily life of another culture and then writes accounts of this culture emphasizing descriptive detail.
Grounded theory
Survey study
Experiment
Ethnography
A group of people specifically convened by the researcher to elicit expert knowledge and opinion about a certain issue.
Expert panel
Expert research
Expert opinion
Expert discussion
A research study where very little knowledge or information is available on the subject under investigation.
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Correlational study
Causal study
The extent of generalizability of the results of a causal study to other field settings.
Internal validity
External validity
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Information gathering when both the interviewer and interviewee meet in person.
Face-to-face interview
Telephone interview
Computer-based interview
Group interview
An experiment done to detect cause-and-effect relationships in the natural environment in which events normally occur.
Field study
Field experiment
Lab experiment
Correlational study
A study conducted in the natural setting with a minimal amount of researcher interference in the flow of events in the situation.
Field study
Field experiment
Lab experiment
Correlational study
A group consisting of eight to ten members randomly chosen, who discuss a product or any given topic for about two hours with a moderator present, so that their opinions can serve as the basis for further research.
Focus group
Focus research
Research group
Group interview
Elicits the ranking of objects relative to one another.
Formative scale
Serqual Scale
Paired Comparative scale
Forced choice scale
The questioning technique that consists of initially asking general and broad questions, and gradually narrowing the focus thereafter to more specific themes.
Specific technique
Formative technique
Funneling technique
Goodness technique
The applicability of research findings in one setting to others.
Action research
Problem statement
5 whys
Generalizability
Attests to the reliability and validity of measures.
Research action
Problem statement
Internal/external validity
Goodness of measure
A scale that graphically illustrates the responses that can be provided, rather than specifying any discrete response categories.
Specific rating scale
Numerical scale
Semantic scale
Graphic rating scale
A systematic set of procedures to develop an inductively derived theory from the data.
Experiment
Ethnography
Grounded theory
Action research
A tentative, yet testable, statement that predicts what you expect to find in your empirical data.
Hypothesis
Theory
Method
Research
A seven-step research process identifying a broad problem area, defining the problem statement, developing hypotheses, determining measures, data collection, data analysis, and the interpretation of data.
Data collection methods
IMRAD method
Good problem statement
Hypothetico-deductive method
A process where where we observe specific phenomena and on this basis arrive at general conclusions.
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Internal validity
External validity
A multipoint scale that taps the differences, the order, and the equality of the magnitude of the differences in the responses.
Interval scale
Ordinal scale
Nominal scale
Ratio scale
A data collection method in which the researcher asks for information verbally from the respondents.
Questionnaire
Interview
Survey
None of the above
A scale that offers several categories of response, out of which the respondent picks the one most relevant for answering the question.
Convenience scale
Consensus scale
Judgement scale
Itemized rating scale
A purposive, nonprobability sampling design in which the sample subject is chosen on the basis of the individual's ability to provide the type of special information needed by the researcher.
Quota sampling
Random sampling
Judgement sampling
Cluster sampling
An experimental design set up in an artificially contrived setting where controls and manipulations are introduced to establish cause-and-effect relationships among variables of interest to the researcher.
Field study
Field experiment
Correlational study
Lab experiment
An interval scale that specifically uses five anchors of "strongly disagree", "disagree", "neither disagree nor agree", "agree", and "strongly agree".
Likert scale
Comparative scale
Stapel scale
Fixed or constant sum scale
Questions that elicit highly biased emotional responses from subjects.
Open questions
Closed questions
Double questions
Loaded questions
A research study for which data are gathered at several points in time to answer a research question.
Cross-sectional study
Longitudinal study
One-shot study
Several-shots study
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