Bio Exam #3
Ultimate Biology Exam Quiz
Test your knowledge on key biological concepts with our comprehensive quiz featuring 84 challenging questions! Whether you're a student preparing for exams, a teacher assessing your class, or just someone passionate about biology, this quiz provides a great opportunity to deepen your understanding.
Key Features:
- Wide range of topics covered
- Multiple choice format for diverse learning styles
- Instant feedback on answers
Consider the food chain: algae & phytoplankton---->sunfish---->bass---->human. An ecologist studying primary productivity would be concerned with taking measurements of the:
Humans
None of these, an ecologist should study the entire food web, not just a single chain.
Everything, an ecologist should always study the entire food chain.
The sunfish
The algae and phytoplankton
Bass
Carbon is an important component of which of the biologically important macromolecules?
Fats/Lipids
Nucleic acids and Lipids
Nucleic acids and Proteins
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates and Lipids
All of the above
The line marked as C in the diagram depicts what?
An exponential growth curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
The rate of predation
The rate of population growth vs time
A logistic growth curve
Type I survivorship curve
The line marked as A in the diagram depicts what?
An exponential growth curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
The rate of predation
The rate of population growth vs time
A logistic growth curve
Type I survivorship curve
The line marked as B in the diagram depicts what?
An exponential growth curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
The rate of predation
The rate of population growth vs time
A logistic growth curve
Type I survivorship curve
Plants are able to communicate to insects to "ask" for help against herbivores
True
False
Which of the following statements is/are true about eusocial insects. Indicate the best answer.
All of these statements are true.
In eusocial insects the workers are usually female.
In eusocial insects the workers share 75% of their genes with each, but only 50% with the queen.
Eusocial insects are typically haploid/diploid communities
The CFC's that were found to cause the reduction in the ozone layer were found in what products?
Chemical cleaning agents
Refrigerants
Styrofoam products like foam cups etc
Propellants such as spray cans
All of these listed, they were very common and used in many household products
The signing of the agreement to control CFC's was only possible thanks to the electoral defeats of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, and their replacement by more liberal, left leaning politicians.
True
False
The African rift lakes are incredibly diverse with 100's of species of fishes. This diversity is an excellent example of what kind of speciation?
We do not know for certain, and it is probably result of a mix of both sympatric and allopatric speciation.
It is a great example of ring-species
It occurred as a result of allopatric speciation
It occurred as a result of sympatric speciation
Which of the following has been linked to the serious decline in honey bee populations.
A lack of genetic diversity
Fungi and viruses
Mite infestations
All of these are possible causes
Neonicotinoids
All of the following phrases could characterize a population EXCEPT
Measurable numbers
Fluctuating numbers
Geographical boundaries
Several species
Variable dispersion
What is the equation that describes the line in blue?
DN/dt=rNt
R=dt/dm
DN/dt=rN
DN/dt=rN ((N-K)/K)
DN/dt=rN ((K-N)/K)
None of these equations accurately describe the curve.
What is the equation that describes the line in red?
DN/dt=rNt
R=dt/dm
DN/dt=rN
DN/dt=rN ((N-K)/K)
DN/dt=rN ((K-N)/K)
None of these equations accurately describe the curve.
A species is dropped into an environment with unlimited resources. This species will increase at the rate of
dN/dt=rNt
dN/dt=rN ((N-K)/K)
DN/dt=rN ((K-N)/K)
dN/dt=rN
r=dt/dm
Which of the following is not a prezygotic isolating mechanism?
Temporal isolation
Mechanical
Zygote mortality
Spatial/Habitat
Behavioural
DDT was originally introduced for what purpose?
As a means of poisoning exotic zebra muscles
As a means of controlling insects, specifically disease carrying biting flies
As a secret CIA project to eliminate vegetation during the Vietnam war.
As a means of eliminating fish eating birds so as to control potential fish losses at fish farms
In Yellowstone National Park they experimented with the reintroduction of wolves. This was not a universally popular move as some argued the introduction of a top predator would lead to many negative impacts and interactions. The impact on the vegetation of the park:
Neutral: Wolves don’t eat vegetation therefore they have no impact on them.
Positive: The control of elk numbers in the park allowed many of the native grasses and bushes to return.
Negative: The wolves ate the elk, who in turn used to help control exotic weeds, therefore the exotic weeds got out of control and overtook the park. They are now trying to use exotic beetles as a mean of controlling the weeds
These arthropods are the victims of what?
These are not real, they are photoshop images from a video game.
These are not real. They are a good example of pseudoscience and how conspiracy theories about "alien infestations" occur.
Chytrid fungi
Cordyceps fungi
Insectoceps fungi
These animals have died naturally and are just naturally decomposing, an important element in the recycling of nutrients.
What does K stand for on this diagram?
The number of animals in the population
The carrying capacity
DN/dt=rN ((N-K)/K)
The rate of growth
DN/dt=rN ((N-K)/K)
Environmental resistance
An ecosystem is composed of:
All of these options are included
Autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers
Its physical environment
All the living organisms
None of these represents a part of the ecosystem
Which of the following best describes: Adaptive Radiation
The occurrence of changes in gene frequency brought about not by selection but by chance. It occurs especially in small populations
Evolutionary divergence of members of a single phyletic line into different niches or adaptive zones
The origin of a new species through the acquisition of effective isolating mechanisms by a geographically isolated portion of the parental species.
Speciation without geographical isolation; the origin of a new set of isolating mechanisms within a local population of potentially interbreeding individuals.
Groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups
The advantage which certain individuals have over others of the same sex and species, in exclusive relation to reproduction
Where a new species is created through the hybridization of two species, and is reproductively isolated from either of the parent species.
The earth is approximately how old?
We don't really know because no rock layer from the creation of the earth still exists.
4.6 billion years
10,000 years
4.6 million years
Science has not been able to put an age to the earth, we just know that it is millions of years old.
Which of the following best describes: Allopatric Speciation
Where a new species is created through the hybridization of two species, and is reproductively isolated from either of the parent species.
The origin of a new species through the acquisition of effective isolating mechanisms by a geographically isolated portion of the parental species.
Speciation without geographical isolation; the origin of a new set of isolating mechanisms within a local population of potentially interbreeding individuals.
Evolutionary divergence of members of a single phyletic line into different niches or adaptive zones
The origin of a new species through the modification of peripherally isolated founder population.
Which of the following is thought a likely ancestor to birds?
Paeleornithoptera
Archaeopteryx
Hyracotherium
Moeritherium
There is none. We know birds and reptiles are connected but we have never found a suitable intermediate.
Which of the following is true about biological evolution?
Both populations and individuals can evolve given enough time.
Individuals evolve, not populations
Only populations can evolve, individuals can not evolve.
Populations evolve as a result of mutations only.
Individuals evolve as a result of mutations only
What description best fits the term Bottleneck Effect?
The movement of genes in a species from population to population.
A situation where a large and healthy population undergoes a drastic reduction in numbers, thereby greatly reducing the genetic diversity of the recovering population.
The occurrence of changes in gene frequency brought about not by selection but by chance. It occurs especially in small population.
The effect on the resulting gene pool that occurs when a new isolated population is founded by a small number of individuals possessing limited genetic variation relative to the larger population from which they have migrated.
The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems across geographic space and through geological time.
Cheetahs are the fastest land animals over short distances, and incredibly fast. But why are they not faster still?
Because eventually the selection pressure for greater speed will run up against the restricted develop potential of the organisms biological limits.
Because cheetahs originally evolved in a forested environment and therefore must retain the ability to climb trees which restricts their potential for evolving speed.
Because cheetahs are fast enough and don't need to be any faster
Because the ecological balance requires that cheetahs are not faster that their prey.
Who was the first to show that species could go extinct?
Charles Darwin
Georges Cuvier
Le Comte de Buffon
Alfred Wallace
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
To properly understand evolution by natural selection, you need to understand inheritance. What was Darwin's understanding of genetics?
His knowledge of inheritance was pretty good for his day because he had read a copy of Gregor Mendel's work on genetics.
Not good. He had little if any knowledge of Mendel's work and came up with a really bad model for inheritance called pangenesis.
Not good. He had little if any knowledge of Mendel's work and came up with the really bad model of inheritance called the germ-plasm theory.
His understanding of inheritance was pretty good, and it was the inspiration for Gregor Mendel's work.
His understanding of inheritance was really pretty good, but he was totally unaware of Gregor Mendel's work.
Why is essentialism such a problem to understanding evolution?
It proposes all organisms of a particular species should conform to a single set of characteristics which overlooks the essential importance of variability.
This is a trick question. Essentialism is not a problem but was rather an early attempt at understanding the diversity of life first proposed by the ancient Greeks such as Aristotle and Plato.
It suggests that all animals from every species are striving to achieve a single perfect godlike existence.
It elevates man to a single perfect form.
It proposes that all animals are attempting to climb the scala naturae and therefore reach a more devine existence
According to Frans de Waal, the two main pillars of Morality are:
Reciprocity and Empathy
Social Justice and Enforcement
Empathy and Legality
Language and a Legal System
Law and Order
Which of the following is true about rhino horn?
Rhino horn has been shown to make you look younger.
Rhino horn is often called "hair horn" because it is made of the same protein that makes hair.
Rhino horn is very popular in certain parts of the world as an alternative medicine, and because of the recent increase in poaching it has become much cheaper allowing more people to buy it.
Rhino horn has be shown to increase fertility.
Rhino horn has never been properly tested for its medicinal properties, and big pharma is attempting to prevent people from accessing it so as to drive up demand for other western medicines.
What is NOMA?
NOMA=non-overlapping magisterial, and a way some scientists try to separate the division between science and religion.
NOMA=non-overlapping magisterial, and is a way scientists try to disprove the existence of god.
NOMA=non-opinioned mental acknowledgment, which is a group of Christian scientists devoted to bringing together science and religion.
What was James Hutton’s contribution to Evolution?
He was the a geologist who offered a mechanistic and gradual explanation for large geologic changes.
He provided a systematic way of organising and naming all the species on earth.
He was a teacher of Darwin who argued vigorously against any suggestion of Evolution.
He was a brilliant palaeontologist and anatomist who proved that animals had gone extinct in the past.
He is thought to have written the highly popular but controversial book "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation".
When Jean Baptiste Lamarck died he was hailed as a great biologist and his ideas and scientific discoveries were celebrated. He was buried with state honours. His grave can be seen today marked by a large marble statue in his honour.
True
False
Marsupials are exclusively found only in Australia
True
False
What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction.
It responds better to changing environmental conditions
It allows an animal to produce many more offspring.
There is no advantage to sexual reproduction over asexual, it is a mystery to ecologists why it is so common.
It conserves more energy
It is quicker and less energy demanding
Molecular evidence for Evolution was well known to Darwin, and formed a major chapter of his book, "On the origin of species".
True
False
Which of the following statements best describes human baby birth weight.
The size of the child has no impact on its potential survival and therefore has never been under the pressure of natural selection.
Traditionally human birth weight was under a directional selection to be as small as possible to minimize the trauma suffered by the mother.
Traditionally human birth weight was under stabilizing selection pressures leading toward an ideal optimal birthweight, not too large or too small.
Traditionally human birth weight was under a direction selection to be as large as possible so as to produce a large healthy baby better bale to survive the critical first few months after birth.
Consider the food chain: algae & phytoplankton---->sunfish---->bass---->human. The secondary consumer in the above food chain was:
The sunfish
The algae and phytoplankton
humans
Bass
None of these, an ecologist should study the entire food web, not just a single chain.
Everything, an ecologist should always study the entire food chain.
What best describes the shape of population pyramid seen in many developing countries with rapid growth.
A bell curve
A pyramid
A straight column
An inverted pyramid
A Type I Pyramid curve
This is the process where plants take up nitrates into their systems.
Denitrification
Ammonification
Nitrification
Assimilation
As a human fetus develops, it goes through a variety of stages, including several that shows a long reptile-like tail, pharyngeal arches, paddle-like limbs, a fish-like kidney, and many other "primitive" features. These and many other similar developmental changes can be classified under:
Vestigial structure
Exaptation
biomolecular evidence for evolution
Coevolution
restricted development
embryological evidence for evolution
Speciation and adaptation
Co-option
Charles Lyell argued for gradualism; a theory that states that major geologic changes are the result of lots of small, accumulated, gradual changes. He later took this idea and applied it to biological organisms and it was this that contributed to helping Darwin develop his theory of evolution.
True
False
Along with Alfred Wallace, Charles Darwin was the first to propose biological evolution.
True
False
What best describes the term Vestigial?
A situation where a trait that was once lost, suddenly reappears due to faulty gene activation.
When a trait that is now totally useless atrophies and is selected against.
Are the remnants of structures that had been fully functional in their ancestors but are now greatly reduced owing to a change in niche utilization.
A situation where a trait that has evolved for one purpose subsequently evolves to serve a completely different function.
Animals who typically have a short lifespan, reproduce rapidly, and have low levels of parental care are called:
K-selected
R-selected
K-selected
R-selected
The total range of environmental variables where an organism can survive, grow, and reproduce is referred to as:
Gause's law
the species territory
the fundamental zone of growth
The fundamental niche
The realised niche
The home range
Many creationists argue that "evolution is just a theory". This argument is fundamentally flawed because it relies on a misunderstanding of the term "theory" in science. Which of the two definitions below is the one being used by creationists?
A scheme or system of ideas or statements held as an explanation or account of a group of facts or phenomena; a hypothesis that has been confirmed or established by observation or experiment, and is propounded or accepted as accounting for the known facts; a statement of what are held to be general laws, principles, or causes of something known or observed
A hypothesis proposed as an explanation; hence, a mere hypothesis, speculation, conjecture; an idea or set of ideas about something; an individual view or notion
Currently, what is the largest cause of species decline?
Climate change
Habitat loss
Zoos
Rising sea levels
Human hunting/exploitation
Which of the following would be the appropriate way of writing the binomial name for a human
Homo Sapiens
Homo Sapiens (Italicized)
Homo sapiens (Italicized)
Homo sapiens
Imagine you have two species of beetle that you keep in their own separate aquaria. The conditions in each aquaria are exactly the same, they feed on the same food, and both species are flourishing. One day you realise that you no longer have room for both aquaria so you decide to combine the two species into a single tank. Initially things go well and the two beetle species do fine, but slowly over time, one species dominates and the other disappears. This could be an example of:
Restricted development
Natural selection
Dawkin's law
Vestigial species
Fundamental niche
Evolution
Exaptation
Gause's law
Although the human appendix appears to play some role in the function of our immune system, many people have them removed and suffer absolutely no negative side effect. This structure, which is so prominent in many other species, has shrunken in us to the point that it could now be described as:
an example of restricted development
a vestigial structure
an example of coevolution
an example of exaptation
an example of Co-option
An example of embryological evidence for evolution
an example of biomolecular evidence for evolution
an example of speciation and adaptation
The Hox genes are a great example of:
Coevolution
speciation and adaptation
embryological evidence for evolution
Co-option
Restricted development
exaptation
biomolecular evidence for evolution
Vestigial structure
An animal species where the males set up territories would likely have what kind of spatial distribution.
Clumped
Random
Logistic
Uniform
Exponential
Who was Georges Cuvier and what was his contribution to evolutionary thinking?
He was a brilliant palaeontologist and anatomist who proved that animals had gone extinct in the past.
He provided a systematic way of organising and naming all the species on earth.
He is thought to have written the highly popular but controversial book "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation".
He was the first geologist to offer a mechanistic approach to geology referred to as Uniformitarianism.
He was a teacher of Darwin who argued vigorously against any suggestion of Evolution.
Which of the following is true about how evolution by natural selection was accepted after the publication of "Origin of Species"?
Both evolution and natural selection were largely accepted by the scientific community almost right away.
While evolution was largely accepted by the scientific community, natural selection was not fully embraced until ~1930 with the modern evolutionary synthesis.
While the scientific community quickly accepted natural selection, it took much longer for them to accept evolution.
Both natural selection and evolution were completely rejected until much later (~1930's), when new discoveries in genetics proved there were correct.
What best describes the term Exaptation?
A situation where a trait that has evolved for one purpose subsequently evolves to serve a completely different function.
A situation where a trait that was once lost, suddenly reappears due to faulty gene activation.
When a trait that is now totally useless atrophies and is selected against.
Are the remnants of structures that had been fully functional in their ancestors but are now greatly reduced owing to a change in niche utilization.
Which of the following would NOT be associated with a population living near the carrying capacity?
Large positive growth
Relatively stable population size
Increased levels of stress
High Competition
Limited resources
Which if the diagrams below represents disruptive selection?
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
Which if the diagrams below represents directional selection?
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
Which if the diagrams below represents normal distribution?
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
While there is a good fossil record connecting most of the major animals groups there are very few fossils connecting humans and the other great apes.
True
False
Who was Trofin Lysenko?
He was a well respected geneticist who formulated the germ-plasm theory.
He was one of the scientists responsible for the modern evolutionary synthesis.
He was a Russian "scientist" during the time of Stalin, who rejected genetics because it ran counter to the popular socio-political opinion of the day and as a consequence led to the death of millions of people.
He was a contemporary of Cuvier and gave us the first mechanism to explain evolution, which can loosely be interpreted as the "law of use it or lose it".
Many creationists reject natural selection because they argue "a random process like natural selection could never create a complex structure like the human eye". What is wrong with this argument?
Natural Selection is random, the problem is with evolution.
Natural selection is not random. While the generation of varieties is random, this is only half the process. The second part of natural selection is where the environment selects for the best suited varieties, and this is most definitely not random.
Natural selection is not random because the environment directs which mutations are produced.
The problem with this statement is that while natural selection is random, evolution is not.
Technically there is nothing wrong with this statement. The problems lie elsewhere.
Lemurs are considered early primates, that are now restricted to which part of the world?
They are now restricted to the island of Madagascar
They are found across most of South America
They are found across much of Africa
They are restricted to islands of Indonesia.
They are marsupials and found in Australia.
In 1989 a landmark agreement was reached to help control the release of ozone depleting chemicals. What was it called?
The Paris Agreement
The Ottawa Protocol
The Montreal Protocol
WACFAC: the World Agreement on CFC's
The Thatcher Protocol
Nitrogen is an important component of which of the biologically important macromolecules?
Nucleic acids and Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Fats/Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids and Lipids
Carbohydrates and Lipids
All of the above
Which of the following cycles does not possess an atmospheric component?
This is a trick question, none of these cycles have an atmospheric component.
Phosphorous cycle
This is a trick question, all of the cycles listed have an atmospheric component
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Hydrologic cycle
The recurrent laryngeal nerve exits from the back of the brain, runs all the way down into your chest and around the dorsal aorta, and then up again to the larynx. This is not a very good design and is a good example of:
Speciation
Embryological evidence for evolution
Restricted development
Exaptation
Biomolecular evidence for evolution
Coevolution
Coevolution
a vestigial structure
The classic study of lynx and snowshoe hare showed that in general, the numbers of prey species are usually most influenced by.
The number of prey (hare)
The number of predators (lynx)
The availability of food for the prey (vegetation)
The stress levels on the lynx
The parasite load of the two species
Which term best fits the following definition? The forces and processes we see shaping the world today, must be the same that have shaped the landscape throughout natural history.
Essentialism
Typology
Evolution
Gradualism
Uniformitarianism
Which if the diagrams below represents stabilizing selection?
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
For competition to occur, what parameter must be met?
One species must not be negatively impacted by the competition
The two species must interfere with each other
This must be the realised niche of both species
Both species must be numerically equal
The resource being competed for must be limited
What description best fits the term Genetic Drift?
A situation where a large and healthy population undergoes a drastic reduction in numbers, thereby greatly reducing the genetic diversity of the recovering population.
The occurrence of changes in gene frequency brought about not by selection but by chance.
The effect on the resulting gene pool that occurs when a new isolated population is founded by a small number of individuals possessing limited genetic variation relative to the larger population from which they have migrated.
The movement of genes in a species from population to population
The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems across geographic space and through geological time.
The Mesozoic era started about 250 million years ago after the great Permian extinction, and ended with the K-T extinction event 65 million years ago. This time in the earth's history was ruled by which group of animals?
This is the period before any complex life existed
The dinosaurs
The mammals
This was the time when the first terrestrial animals were moving from the water onto the land.
The fishes
The Birds
Which of the following argued that all life could be connected like a large interconnected web?
None of the names in this list suggested this concept, it is a very recent discovery.
Erasmus Darwin
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
All the names mentioned in this list suggested it.
Charles Darwin
Not including the present mass extinction, how many mass extinctions are thought to have previously occurred since the Cambrian Explosion?
4
1
3
2
5
Match the best term to the following definition. A hierarchical ladder of being, from inanimate objects, though all the living organisms, then man, the angels, and finally God.
Typology
Systema naturae
Scale naturae
Essentialism
Lamarkianism
Lamarck's theory can be best described as the law of acquired traits, or the law of "use it or lose it". Structures that are used through an animals lifetime will be developed and passed on to successive generations while those that are not used will shrink in importance and be smaller in future generations.
True
False
Natural Selection is a random process.
True
False
Only humans show language and tool use.
True
False
We have solid fossil evidence of rabbits existing from as far back as the Precambrian. Picture below
True
False
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