Biology 213: Cell Structure and Function - Exam 1
Cell Structure and Function Exam
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of biology and cell structure with our comprehensive quiz! This exam covers a variety of topics essential for understanding the intricacies of living organisms.
You'll encounter questions that explore:
- Characteristics of living organisms
- The evolution of life
- Fundamental biological processes
- Cell structure and fun
ction
Which is a characteristic of living organisms?
Regulation of internal environment
One or more cells
Ability to produce biological molecules
Ability to extract energy from the environment
All of the above are characteristics of living organisms
Which of the following is true?
For life to evolve, nucleic acids that were able to reproduce themselves were essential
Enclosure of biological molecules by membranes was essential for life to evolve
Infolding of prokaryotic cell membranes may have produced internal components (organelles) thus resulting in the evolution of eukaryotes
A and b only
A, b, and c
There has been life on Earth for approximately _____________ years.
10,000
4 million
4 billion
100 million
1 billion
In terms of increasing complexity, the order of the parts of a multicellular animal is
Cell, macromolecule, tissue, organ system, organ.
Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system.
Tissue, cell, molecule, organ system, organ
Molecule, tissue, cell, organ, organ system
Tissue, molecule, cell, organ, organ system
Which of the following is NOT true?
An ozone layer was important to life on Earth because it absorbed damaging UV radiation
Accumulation of O2 led to the formation of ozone (O3) which made it possible for life to move to land
Anaerobic metabolism is more efficient than aerobic metabolism
Most organisms today use aerobic metabolism
Until photosynthesis evolved, the atmosphere of the early Earth had no oxygen
Based on the timeline, which statement is true?
The oldest fossils include photosynthesizers.
The first photosynthesizers were prokaryotic.
Multicellularity arose before the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
The oldest fossils include multicellular organisms.
The first photosynthesizers were multicellular
Which statement is NOT supported by evidence presented in the figure?
Genes are composed of DNA.
Information in DNA is used to construct proteins.
Nucleotides contain genetic information.
Proteins are composed of genes.
DNA is composed of nucleotides.
Scientific explanations for natural phenomena.
Are based on inductive logic only.
Are always based on religious or spiritual point of view.
Are based on quantifiable and reproducible observations.
Are based on untested hypotheses.
Never involve the use of predictions.
Which of the following is NOT true?
Natural selection leads to behavioral adaptations only.
Natural selection functions through differential probabilities of survival and reproductive success.
Evolution is the major unifying principle of biology
Evolution acts on populations.
The toe pads of arboreal (tree) frogs and the webbed feet of aquatic frogs are examples of structural adaptations.
Which of the following statements concerning the "tree of life" is FALSE?
Two domains include single-celled prokaryotes.
Fungi are most closely related to plants than animals
Only one domain had endosymbiotic events leading to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Protists are eukaryotes.
Only one domain has eukaryotic organisms.
Which of the following is true?
In a controlled experiment one variable is manipulated while the others are held constant.
In scientific experiments the hypotheses are proven correct always.
Controlled experiments can be conducted only in a lab.
An independent variable is the response that is being measured.
Comparative experiments are always controlled.
Which is smallest (lowest) level of biological organization that is visible and easily distinguished?
Community
Organism
Biosphere
Cell
Population
In the scientific names of organisms, the _____________ is places first and the _____________ is placed second.
Species; genus
Genus; class
Domain; phylum
Genus; species
Kingdom; species
Which of the following is true?
In the biological classification of organisms, physical characteristics, fossil records, and molecular characteristics are taken into consideration.
In the field of genomics, DNA sequences are used to compare organisms.
A phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary histories of different groups of organisms.
Genomics has applications throughout biology.
All of the above.
Which of the following is true?
Human activities such as bird watching, fishing and camping depend on biodiversity.
New strains of crops have been developed to resist pests.
Biology is the basis for medical practice.
Evolutionary principles help us understand why we need new vaccines every year for the influenza virus.
All of the above.
Which of the following is NOT true?
In a multicellular organism, each cell has a different genome.
When cells reproduce, the genome is replicated.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of the narrow range of conditions that support life
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cell membranes.
Organisms acquire nutrients from their environment.
A biologist listens to frog singing at a local pond and hypothesizes that the sounds are mating calls. What would be the nest step in the hypothesis-and-prediction method?
Controlling an environment
Making an observation
Forming a hypothesis
Making a prediction
Testing a prediction
About 98% of every living organism is composed of six elements. Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements?
Sodium
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon on Earth. Carbon-13 makes up about 1 percent of Earth's carbon atoms and is useful for radio imaging. Which of the following is true?
Carbon-13 has more protons than carbon-12.
Carbon-13 has more neutrons tha carbon-12.
Carbon-13 has more electrons than carbon-12.
Carbon-13 has an electronic configuration that is different from that of carbon-12.
Carbon-13 has an equal number of protons and neutrons.
Which of the following is true about the atomic weight of an element?
It does not take into account the weight of rare isotopes of the element.
It is the average of the mass numbers of a representative sample of the element, including all its isotopes.
It does not include the weight of the protons.
It includes the weight of the electrons only.
It is always equal to the mass number
The two covalent bonds in a water molecule are polar because
Oxygen and hydrogen have the same electronegativity.
Oxygen is more electronegative that hydrogen.
Oxygen is less electronegative than hydrogen.
Water a small molecule.
Water is hydrophilic.
Two carbon atoms held together in a double covalent bond share _____________ electron(s).
One
Two
Four
Six
Eight
Which of the following properties of water contributes most to the ability of fish in lakes to survive very cold winters?
Water is cohesive.
Water has a high heat capacity.
Frozen water is denser that liquid water.
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
Water forms hydrogen bonds
Solid salt, NaCl, is neutral. When dissolved in water, NaCl.
Remains as NaCl (does not dissociate).
Dissociates to form Na+ and Cl- ions that don not interact with water molecules.
Dissociates to form Na+ and Cl- ions that interact with water molecules.
Dissociates to form Na- and Cl+.
Which of the following is FALSE?
The innermost shell of an atom has one orbital and can hold no more than 2 electrons
Radioactive isotopes are useful in research and medicine.
Hydrogen follows the octet rule.
Radioisotopes give off energy in the form of alpha, beta, or gamma radiation.
The further away a shell is from the nucleus, the higher the energy level is for an electron occupying that shell.
_____________ is the strongest bond/interacton.
Ionic bond in water
Van der Waals interactions
Hydrogen bond
Covalent bond
Hydrophobic interactions
Which element has the same number of valence electrons as Oxygen (O)?
Sulfur (S).
Carbon (C).
Phosphorus (P).
Chlorine (Cl).
Nitrogen (N).
In a hydrogen molecule, the two atoms are held together by
Hydrogen bonds.
Ionic attraction.
A shared pair of electrons.
Differences in electronegativity.
Van der Waals forces.
When exposed to extreme heat, the human body relies on _____________ to absorb excess heat and maintain normal bad temperature.
Evaporation
Condensation
Respiration
Degradation
Which of the following is true?
Milk of magnesia at pH 10 is basic while vinegar at pH is acidic.
The hydrogen ion concentration in household ammonia at pH 11 is 100 times more than that of baking soda at pH 9.
Black coffee at pH 5 is 2 times more acidic than distilled water at pH 7.
Cola at pH 3 has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions than baking soda at pH 9.
Distilled water at pH 7 and Cola at pH 3 both neutral.
How many molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) would be present in one mole of glucose?
24
342
23 x 10^6
6.02 x 10^23
180 x 10^14
HCl can ionize completely releasing H+ and Cl- ions. Therefore HCL is considered a
Strong base.
Strong acid.
Weak base.
Buffer.
Weak acid.
Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?
4.0 M
10^-10 M
10^4 M
4%
10^-4 M
One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Thus, H2CO3 <-- --> HCO3- + H+. Which of the following is true?
Because of this reaction, blood pH is always maintained at 9.
If the pH of blood drops, one would expect the reaction proceed to the right
If the pH of blood rises, one would expect the reaction to proceed to the right.
If the H+ concentration in the blood drops, the reaction proceed to the left.
If the pH of blood rises, one would expect the reaction to proceed tot he left.
Which of the following is FALSE about the above neutral atoms?
The atom labeled 'A' can lose an electron to form a cation.
The atom labeled 'B' has atomic number of 12.
The atom labeled 'C' has a bonding capacity (valence) of 4.
The atom labeled 'D' has 20 protons
The atom labeled 'E' represents a stable atom.
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between condensation reactions and hydrolysis?
Condensation reactions require the addiction of water while hydrolysis releases water.
Condensation reactions assemble monomers into polymers and hydrolysis breaks down polymers.
Hydrolysis creates monomers and condensation breaks down polymers.
Condensation creates monomers and hydrolysis assembles monomers into polymers.
What level of protein structure is illustrated in sections A and B of this polypeptide, and what types of forces indicated by the letter C stabilize these sections?
Primary structure, disulfide bridge
Secondary structure, hydrogen bonds
Secondary structure, covalent bonds
Tertiary structure, ionic bonds
Tertiary structure, hydrogen bonds
The three amino acids shown
All have positively charged R groups.
All form disulfide bridges.
All have nonpolar side chains
Are all hydophillic
Are all hydrophobic
Which of the following is FALSE?
Amino acids can be classified by the characteristics of their "R" groups.
Glycine is small and fits into tight corners in the interior of proteins.
The - SH group in a cystein can react with another cysteine side chain to form a disulfide bridge
Only D-amino acids are found in organisms.
Proline is found where a protein bends or loops.
What is the term used for protein that assists int he proper folding of other proteins?
Tertiary proteins.
Chaperone protein.
Enzyme protein.
Denaturing protein.
Secondary protein.
Which level(s) of protein structure would be destroyed by the addition of denaturing reagent?
Primary only
Secondary only
Tertiary only
Secondary and tertiary
Primary, secondary, and tertiary
The two molecules shown above are best described as
Cis-trans isomers
Optical isomers
Structural isomers
Radioactive isomers
In large polymeric macromolecule, monomers are held together by _____________ bonds.
Hydrogen
Peptide
Disulfide
Ionic
Covalent
The molecules in the figure above
Are optical isomers.
Have an asymetric carbon.
Are polar.
A and c only
A, b, and c
The globular protein transthyretin has four polypeptide subunits. Each of the subunits has a polypeptide chain with alpha helix region. Which structure must the transthyretin protein have?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
Primary structure only.
Primary and secondary structure only.
Secondary and tertiary only.
Primary, secondary, and tertiary only
Which of the following is FALSE about proteins?
Alterations in pH and nonpolar substances can affect protein structure.
The tertiary structure is maintained by peptide bonds only.
They are formed from different combinations of 20 amino acid monomers.
The 'N' terminus of polypeptide chain is the amino group of the first amino acid.
The information that species protein shape is in the primary structure of the protein.
In the disaccharide sucrose (table sugar), the monomers are held together by a/an
Beta-1, 6 glycosidic linkage
Alpha-1, 4 glycosidic linkage
Alpha-1, 2 glycosidic linkage
Beta-1, 2 glycosidic linkage
Beta-1, 4 glycosidic linkage
Which of the following is FALSE?
Chitin is found in insect exoskeletons
Ribose and deoxyribose pentose sugars are isomers.
Cellulose is very stable and good as a structural comonent
Maltose is a disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are held together by glycosidic linkage
Human blood groups get specificity from oligosaccharide chains.
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