Chm031

The product of natural changes inorganic materials over millennia

Ancient marine bodies first turn into ____ before becoming fossil fuel.

Complex waxy mixture of hydrocarbon compounds that is the primary organic component of oil shale.

Kerogen + ??? + ??? = Fossil Fuel

Quite abundant, solid fossil fuel formed over millions of years by decay of land vegetation.

Gaseous fossil fuel that is versatile, abundant, and relatively clean compared to coal and oil.

Natural gas is mainly consist of?

Contains hydrocarbons in addition to methane.

Gases other than methane are removed.

Contains ethane, butane, propane, isobutane, and pentane.

Contains carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and water.

Liquid fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of marine microorganisms deposited on the seafloor.

Most widely used fossil fuel.

Petra means?

Oleum means?

Made up of thousands of different chemicals including gases, liquids, and solids, ranging from methane to asphalt.

It is useless in natural state.

Dark and sticky liquid

Clear and volatile

Semi-solid form petroleum

Solid form of petroleum

Open chain hydrocarbon

Saturated HC and comprise a large fraction of most crude oil.

Low anti-knock and octane rating

Branch chain

Higher anti-knock properties and octane rating than n-paraffin

Not naturally present in petroleum but produced during cracking.

Relatively unstable which improve the anti-knock quality of gasoline.

Same formula as olefins but lacks their instability and reactivity.

Second most abundant in crude oil next to n-paraffin.

Only small amounts of this are present in crude oil.

Has high anti-knock properties and octane rating

Useless and undesirable; has bad odor & causes corrosion in pipes.

Sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, trace metals, salt

part of underground reservoir; major feedstock of petrochemicals

Exploration & production (E & P)

Firms explore new hydrocarbon fields.

Discovered fields developed and petroleum produced.

Transportation of oil and natural gas

LNG Terminals

Refinery processes crude oil to produce different products.

The process of transforming crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.

Involves separation process and conversion process.

Because crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with different boiling temperatures, it can be separated by distillation into groups of hydrocarbons that boil between two specified boiling points.

Bottom of the column; high boiling points

Higher up the column; low boiling points

Breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules by heat (thermal) or catalytic action.

Common catalyst used.

Substance of low molecular weight is transformed into one of the same compositions but of higher molecular weight, maintaining the atomic arrangement present in the basic molecule.

Joining together of light olefins

Union of olefins with an aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon.

Addition of hydrogen to an olefin.