Cold Water Supply Distribution System

Consists of piping and fittings which supply cold water from the building water supply to the fixtures.

7 Elements of Water Distribution System

Is inserted into the water main. It serves as a control of the water service provided. Also serve as a shut off when the service is disconnected.

Refers to the connection from the public water main or any source of water supply to the building served.

The part of the pipe curved like the neck of a goose. Usually, flexible.

Installed between the curb and the sidewalk line accessible to cast iron stop box equipped with removable cover. It serves as a control stop of the service between the curb and the building.

A valve placed at the street side of the water meter and serves as a controlling device for the building installation.

Is a device used to measure the amount of water that passes through the water service.

He pipe within the structure or premises which conveys water from service pipe to point of utilization

Water supply pipe that extends one full story or more to convey water

The supply pipe between fixture supply pipe and distribution pipe

Water supply pipe connecting fixture to fixture branch

Most common type of meter to residential and small commercial installation.

Sizes of Disk Meter (inches)

Maximum working pressure of disk meter (psi)

This type of meter is used when most of the flow is low but high flows are anticipated. It is capable of recording low flows and has the capacity for high flow rates.

Sizes of Compound Water Meter (inches)

Maximum working pressure of compound water meter (psi)

This type of meter has the characteristics of a compound meter but is more suitable for encountering a variety of flows. (A strainer should be installed upstream of the meter.)

Sizes of turbine meter (inches)

Are used where low flows never occur.

Sizes of propeller meter (inches and mm)

Types of Cold Water Distribution

Water is distributed by normal pressure from the public water main.

Supplies water to the plumbing fixtures by means of gravity. The water is pumped to a large tank on top of the building and distributed the water to the different fixtures.

This system is an innovation of the air pressurized water distribution. This type of water distribution is used on tall building that could not be served adequately by the street main. This sophisticated process could deliver water at varying rates needed from two, three or several faucets up to the full demand of the entire building fixtures.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Direct Up-feed System

Advantage and Disadvantage of Air Pressure Distribution System

Advantage and Disadvantage of Downfeed or Overhead System

A device used to move liquids.

Five types of pumps used for water distribution

Uses an impeller which has curved blades that accelerates fluids towards their edge when rotating.

Capture confined amounts of liquid and transfers it from the suction to the discharge port based on how the fluid is displaced

Three types of flow for Centrifugal Pump

Produces flow along the same direction as the impeller shaft, and is also known as propeller pump. High flow rate. Low pressure

Produces flow perpendicular to shaft (90 deg. Angle.). Low flow rate

Combines radial and axial flow preproducing a conical flow pattern around the impeller shaft

Two Types of Positive Displacement Pumps

Works by the repeated back-and-❘ forth movement (strokes) of either a Diaphragm piston, plunger or diaphragm. These cycles are called reciprocation.

Uses a rotor that traps water in cavities, releasing it at the pump outlet. These cavities can be the spaces between gear teeth or screw threads, among other configurations

A close coupled pumps driven by submersible motor and designed for submerged installation in a wet well.

Are centrifugal pumps that are specially designed to move water from an underground well or reservoir.

Compressed air is used to move the liquid.

3 Types of Storage/Tank

Are placed over the head that is built on a certain height, relies on gravity to supply water fixtures below. Used in down-feed systems.

Usually build of reinforced concrete underground and connected with a pump.

Used to store water and air under pressure. It is used in the air pressure system and often used with a pump.

Five Function of Valves

Used to completely open or close the line but not necessarily control the flow of the water.

Six Types of Valve

Two types of Gate Valve

Is used where the stem must be installed pointing downward

Closes in the same manner as wedged type that its parallel faces drop in a vertical position.

Actuated by a stem screw and hand wheel, suited on installation that calls for throttling. It valve affords greater resistance to flow than gate valve because of change in flow directions.

Three Types of Globe Valves

Has a wide bearing surface producing good resistance to the cutting effect of scale, dirt and other kind of foreign matter found inside the pipe.

Has a pressure tight bearing between the disc and the seat recommended for cold water and any temperature service.

is used for various types of services on oil, gasoline, steam, and hot or cold

Operates same manner as glove valve. It is available in similar range of disc and seat. It used in making 90 degrees turn in a line to reduce number of joints.

Is located at the lower end of the pump used to prevent loss of priming. It is sometimes referred to as Retention

Main function is to prevent the reversal flow of fluids

Is used on cold water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines & otherpipelines with excessive pressure.