Parameters of Legal Responsibility

You are held legally responsible for breaking the law. You committed the crime or simply suspected of committing it. If liability in court is proven, you are held responsible and sentenced accordingly.

It is said when you're liable, you intended to do it. However, certain exception exists, you can be held liable for the crime regardless of your intentions.

 

Ex: You may be convicted of selling alcohol to a minor whether or not you knew the person's age.

 

Another example: You can be ticketed for speeding even though you didn't know you were exceeding the speed limit.

 

Under which the law justifies a person from criminal liability for the comission of a crime.

Ex: An act of self-defense.

Circumstances under which the law exempt a person from criminal liability for the commission of a crime.

Ex: Minor.

Do not constitute a justification/excuse of the offense in question, but which, in fairness and mercy, may be considered as extenuating on reducing the degree or normal culpability.

 

Criminal liability may be considered by the court to reduce the severity of punishment on a person convicted of a crime. 

 

Ex: Lack of criminal record on behalf of the defendant.

 

Another example: Victim Culpability. The Victim willingly participated in the crime or initiated the events leading to it.

Increase the criminal liability of the offender or make his guilt more sever. Hence, the court may lean towards a more servere punishment. 

 

Ex: Jessie and James is charged with robbery. Moreover, they were armed with guns (use of violence) and meticulously planned the crime by conducting surveillance of the targeted stores and timing of the offenses to minimize the chances of detection (planning and premeditation).

An irresistible force, one that is unforeseen or inevitable. Events or circumstances arise that are beyond our control and are not the result of negligence. 

 

Ex: Natural disasters.

Let the master answer for the acts of the subordinate. 

 

Under this doctrine, the employer is held liable for the acts of their employees, even if they were not aware of the specific wrongful conduct.

Ignorance of the law does not serve as a valid defense or justification for violating it. Hence, individuals are expected to know and comply with the law, regardless of whether they were aware of a specific legal provision or its consequences.

 

Ignorance of the law is no excuse. No one is excuse.

Law can sometimes be strict or severe, but it must be followed and enforced regardless of any perceived harshness. Law may prescribe harsh penalties for certain offenses, individual must accept the legal consequences as determined by the court.

Individual cannot be punished for an act unless it has been defined as a crime by law prior to the commission of the act.

 

"No crime, no punishment without Law"

 

Ex: ABS-CBN is said to breach a franchise term by broadcasting more than one channel. According to the National Telecommunications Corporation's recent enacted law, only 1 channel is allowed for 1 franchise. However, there is nothing stated in Republic Act No. 7966 or ABS-CBN's 1995 franchise that limits the network to broadcasting only one channel. Therefore, ABS-CBN cannot be held liable since the franchise term or act was made before such law was enacted.

 

Act or omissions punishable by law and they may be committed not only by means of deceit but also by fault. They are considered more severe offenses.

The act is performed , or the omission incurred with deliberate intent or malice to do an injury.

 

Crimes or offenses that are intentionally carried out to cause harm and injury to others.

The act is performed without malice.

 

There is no intention to harm others, but the harm was still done either through negligence, lack of skill, or even through the ignorance of law.

"Guilty Act"

"Guilty Mind"

Refers to the requirement that both the actus reus and mens rea must exist simultaneously for a person to be held criminally liable. It signifies the necessary connection or alignment between the wrongful act and the accompanying mental state.

 

Combined  Actus rea & Mens rea.

"Cause of Actions".

The First Board of Radiologic Technology was created on _____.

The Board of Radiologic Technology was created by the virtue of what Republic Act? It is also known as the Radiologic Technology Act of 1992.

The rules and regulations governing the examination, registration, licensure and practice of radiologic and x-ray technology was promulgated on _____.

The Board conducted its first fully computerized licensure examinations on _____ the result of which were released on _____.

The very first chairman of the board.

Who were the radiologic technologists of the board?

(Select 2 names below)

The radiologist of the board.

The physicist of the board.