Pp cycle 2 2021

A vibrant representation of cellular biology, featuring diagrams of cells, membranes, and apoptosis processes in a visually engaging, educational style.

Cellular Biology Mastery Quiz

Test your knowledge on key concepts in cellular biology with our comprehensive quiz designed for students, educators, and science enthusiasts! This quiz covers various topics related to osmotic gradients, semi-permeable membranes, cell apoptosis, and more.

20 carefully crafted questions
Checkbox format for nuanced answers
Perfect for self-assessment and learning

20 Questions5 MinutesCreated by ExploringCells247

The osmotic gradient between two water compartments separated by semi-permeable membrane:

Is balanced by moving any osmotically active molecules from higher to lower osmotic pressure compartment

Can be permanent if the sodium ions are responsible for osmolality in both spaces

Will not be balanced if it is not of excessively large magnitude

Will cause development of hydrostatic pressure gradient if particles responsible for osmolality are very large

Semi-permeable membrane:

Can be permeable to small ions but not water

Usually are not permeable to proteins

Can be permeable to water but not small ions

Can have either lipid or protein structure

Sodium:

Intravenous administration can be responsible for quick and substantial water gain to extracellular fluid space

Concentration in the serum should not exceed 135 mmol/L

Is responsible for more than 90% of osmotic activity in extracellular fluid compartment

Is responsible for water distribution within extracellular fluid compartment

Osmotic pressure is created by the distribution of particles across the membrane and depends on their:

Ability to use active transport systems

Electric change

Size

Concentration

The value of blood pH reflects:

The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid concentrations

In part the effectiveness of kidneys in acid-base balance maintenance

In part the effectiveness of ventilation and gas exchange in the lungs

The acid-base status of the peripheral tissues

The effective and safe buffers of acidity in our organisms are:

Bones

Cells

Connective tissue proteins

Bicarbonate

Fluorescent cells staining:

Can be used in any normal light microscope with the use of special filters

Is difficult because of instability of the dyes

Is used because it provides very bright colors

Provides opportunity to visualize very small details

The desired flow of cells in the flow cytometer:

Is obtained by hydrodynamic focusing

Is possible thanks to properties of fluorescence

Can be created by acoustic wave focusing

Must be lower than 300 per seconds

The flow cytometry result:

Is usually obtained without any need for staining

Provides enumeration of cell´s granularities

Allows us to observe the cell´s silhouette

Enables statistical analysis of mixed cellular populations

Cell sorting with flow cytometry is a method which enables:

Accurate yet very slow separation of cells from mixed populations

Finding very unique populations of cells

Separation of cells from uniform cellular populations

Obtaining living cells which can be cultured or even used in transplantation purposes

Property of fluorescence:

Helps to register the light emitted by the dye without mixing it of the background light

Is based on the delayed and extended in time light emission by the dye

Allows for searching of markers expressed on cells in very small quantities

Is typically used in automated hematological analyzers used for blood cells counts

Neoplasms can grow provided that:

Their cells are able to alter their genetic material

They can migrate away from their tissue of origin

Their presence will not be early discovered by the immune system

All cells transforming into neoplasm produce lethal mutations

Immortalization of the neoplasm:

Is important for benign neoplasms growth

Means endless life potential of each individual cell of the neoplasm

Can be obtained by reduced expression of the gene for telomerase

Provides extension of telomeres

Development of the large, malignant neoplasm is possible provided that:

Cells decrease their ability to perform apoptosis

Neoplastic cells have poorly immunogenic antigens

After neoplastic transformation find appropriate tissue environment

The neoplasm does not produce any lethal mutations

Apoptosis in the neoplastic cells:

Is a warrant of the balanced, steady and effective neoplastic growth

Has to be reduced in order to allow for tumor development

Can be diminished by overexpression of BAX genes

If difficult to trigger can be substituted by cytotoxic action by Tc or NK cells

Inappropriate regulation of apoptotic process can lead to development of:

Autoimmune diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases

Neoplastic process

Disturbances in immunity to infections

Apoptotic death is triggered in the following cells:

Exposed to excessive levels of free radicals

Deprived of their natural hormonal or cytokine stimulation

Lymphocytes during their selection in the thymus

Exposed to strong and sudden physical stimulus

Typical features of necrosis include:

Loss of cell membrane integrity

Loss of lipids distribution asymmetry in the cell membrane

Swelling of the organelles

Shrinkage of the cell

Apoptosis:

Is usually found in single cells

Does not trigger the inflammatory response

Requires energy spending by the dying cell

Destroys the nucleus very late in the process

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Pp cycle 2 2021

Cellular Biology Mastery Quiz

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