Embryology Practice Exam 3

Create an educational illustration depicting key developmental stages in embryology, highlighting model organisms like C. elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Xenopus tropicalis, with vibrant colors and detailed magnifications of embryo structures.

Embryology Practice Exam 3

Test your knowledge on embryology with our comprehensive 40-question practice exam. This quiz covers key concepts across various model organisms, including C. elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Xenopus tropicalis, focusing on developmental processes and molecular signaling pathways.

Whether you're a student preparing for exams or a teacher assessing understanding, this quiz offers:

Challenging questions
A variety of topics within embryology
Immediate feedback on your performance

40 Questions10 MinutesCreated by DevelopingCell42

In Lophotrochozoans, how do mRNA localize to one of the two centrosomes in each micromere quadrant?

C. Elegans are excellent model systems for all of the reasons EXCEPT

Small genome

Good for mutagenesis screening

Few cell types

Good for locating genes on chromosomes

Which of the following describes the anterior side of C. Elegans embryo?

AB cell, which is autonomous

AB cell, which is conditional

P cell, which is autonomous

P cell, which is conditional

In the C. Elegans embryo, after the sperm centrosome enters, which proteins are localized to the anterior end of the cell?

PAR-1 and PAR-2

PAR-2 and PAR-6

PAR-1 and PAR-3

PAR-3 and PAR-6

Which of the following species were used as model systems to discover caspases, miRNA, and RNAi?

C. elegans

Drosophila Melanogaster

Xenopus Tropicalis

Tyrannosaurus Rex

2n = 8 means what?

A haploid cell has 8 chromosomes

A diploid cell has 4 chromosomes

A haploid cell has 4 chromosomes

A diploid cell has 16 chromosomes

Drosophila Melanogaster are excellent model systems for all of the reasons EXCEPT

24 hour embryogenesis

Hundreds of eggs per female

Small genome

2 week generation time

For Drosophila, at what nuclear division in the syncytium does cellularization occur in the superficial cleavage?

Round 10

Round 9

Round 12

Round 13

Which of the following processes does NOT occur in the Drosophila development before nuclear division round 11?

Translation

Transcription

Pole cells are formed

Mitotic divisions occur every 8 minutes

Which of the following parts of the Drosophila embryo becomes the mesoderm during gastrulation?

In Drosophila, Gap gene mutants that have no Giant are most likely to have which of the following?

High levels of Hunchback

High levels of Caudal

High levels of Kruppel

High levels of Giant

A mutation in which homeotic selector genes of the Hom-c complex is likely to cause Drosophila to have legs where their antennae should be?

Antennapedia

Bithorax

Ultrabithorax

Head

How does the protein Dorsal function after it is released by cactus in Drosophila?

Enters nucleus on dorsal side and causes dorsal identity

Enters nucleus on anterior side and causes posterior identity

Enters nucleus on posterior side and causes anterior identity

Enters nucleus on ventral side and causes ventral identity

Which of the following is a defect caused by homozygous mutants of Nanos3?

Cerebellum Anomalies

Male and female infertility

3rd & 4th cranial nerve anomalies

Skeletal anomalies

Which of the following cells in C. Elegans development has activated Notch signaling (Hint: it also represses pharynx formation)

EMS cell

P2 cell

ABp cell

ABa cell

Xenopus Tropicalis are excellent model systems for all the reasons EXCEPT

In Xenopus, what function does the sperm centriole perform during cortical rotation?

Rotates the cell 30 degrees

Organizes egg microtubules to separate cortical cytoplasm from gray crescent

Degrades to feed the egg yolk vital nutrients

Forms the cleavage furrow

Which of the following forms the ectoderm in Xenopus?

Animal pole

Vegetal blastomeres

Region between blastocoel floor and blastopore lip

Vegetal pole

Which of the five behaviors necessary for gastrulation uses radial intercalation to spread animal cap cells over the vegetal hemisphere?

Which of the five behaviors necessary for gastrulation causes vegetal cells in the blastocoel floor to press against the blastopore roof in gray crescent to migrate endoderm cells along the blastocoel roof?

Which of the five behaviors necessary for gastrulation causes epithelial cells to change shape so that the main cell body is inside the embryo but still has contact with the outside. (Hint: it also generates the dorsal blastopore lip)

Which of the five behaviors necessary for gastrulation causes a tissue to turn inward, spread over blastocoel roof to generate IMZ, and forms bilateral lips that become the yolk plug from the blastopore lip.

What separates the mesendoderm from the ectoderm in the blastocoel roof?

Bottle cells

Brachet’s cleft

The organizer

Prechordal plate

When leading edge cells crawl along fibronectin to perform cell migration and form the endomesoderm, which protein complexes allow them to withstand stress?

Hunchback and Caudal

Giant and Kruppel

Bicoid and Nanos

Cadherin and Keratin

Which of the five behaviors necessary for gastrulation causes movements that narrow and elongate tissue along the anterior to posterior axis using WNT signaling.

Which region of the mesendoderm becomes the prechordal plate?

Vegetal cells that begin rotation

First cells to involute

Chordamesoderm

Pharyngeal endoderm

Which of the following is true about the effects of VegT during germ layer specification?

Uses Sox17 to form endoderm, which is autonomously specified

Uses Sox17 to form mesoderm, which is autonomously specified

Uses Nodal to form mesoderm, which is autonomously specified

Uses Nodal to form endoderm, which is conditionally specified

In the formation of the organizer, B-catenin is moved to the gray crescent side of the embryo, which of the following is NOT involved in IMMEDIATE prevention of B-catenin degradation?

DSH

WNT11

GBP

TCF

Which of the following occurs in Xenopus mesoderm when there are high amounts of Nodal?

Kidney formation

Notochord formation

Secondary axis formation

Archenteron formation

Which of the following occurs when the organizer does not inhibit BMP signaling?

Epidermis forms

Neural tube forms

Lateral plate mesoderm forms

Axial mesoderm forms

Which of the following is a function of transporting the blastopore lip from late gastrula into the blastocoel?

Forms anterior structures

Forms posterior structures

Forms dorsal structures

Forms ventral structures

What is the fate of cells that involute in Zebrafish development?

Form hypoblast, which forms ectoderm

Form hypoblast, which forms mesendoderm

Form epiblast, which forms ectoderm

Form epiblast, which forms mesendoderm

What is the difference between the organizer and the embryonic shield?

Embryonic shield forms chordamesoderm, organizer does not

Transplantation of embryonic shield does not induce secondary axis

While noggin and chordin are expressed in both, goosecoid is expressed in organizer and follistatin is expressed in embryonic shield

No difference, go fuck yourself

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Embryology Practice Exam 3

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