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Marks AP World History Final Pt. 1

Which of the following is NOT A CHANGE that long-distance commerce facilitated in pre-modern world history?

Sometimes it was a means of social mobility, with traders often becoming a distinct social group.

It provided sustained contact through which cultural influences were also exchanged, as was the case with the spread of Buddhism and Islam.

It facilitated the spread of epidemic diseases beyond local regions, with sometimes devastating effects.

All foods grown locally remained in their regions to feed the growing populations and strengthen the labor force.

The Sahara Desert held rich deposits of which highly valued commodity?

Salt

Spices

Oil

Cotton Textiles

Which were NOT major economic, social, and cultural consequences of Silk Road commerce?

Diseases were spread throughout Eurasia along the route.

New technologies were shared along the way.

A new merchant class arose as a result of their accumulated wealth.

Peasant farmers in China gave up on cultivating food crops in order to focus on making luxury goods for the Silk Roads Trade.

Pastoralists in Central Asia did not participate because they led a nomadic life.

Which of the following DID NOT ACCOUNT FOR the spread of Buddhism along the Silk Roads?

Buddhism appealed to Indian merchants, who preferred its universal message to that of a Brahmin( priest) - dominated Hinduism that privileged the higher castes.

Travelers along the Silk Roads often stopped merchants and soldiers to educate them about the teachings of Buddha and to recruit them to convert.

People in Central Asia that engaged in long- distance trade found in Buddhism a link to wealthier India, which resulted in many voluntary conversions.

Well-to-do Buddhist merchants built monasteries and supported monks to earn religious merit. These monasteries in turn provided convenient and culturally familiar places of rest and resupply for merchants making the trek across Central Asia

Which of the following WAS NOT AN IMPACT of disease along the silk roads between 600 C.E. and 1450 C.E.?

In the long run, the exchange of diseases gave Europeans a certain advantage when, after 1500, they confronted the peoples of the Western Hemisphere, who had little natural protection from the diseases of the Eastern Hemisphere.

The worst epidemic occurred in the fourteenth century when the Black Death, identified variously with bubonic plague, anthrax, or a package of epidemic diseases, swept away nearly one-third of the population in Europe, China, and the Middle East.

The Chinese decided to stop trade along the route to prevent foreign diseases from entering China.

Contact exposed people to unfamiliar diseases for which they had little immunity or effective methods of coping.

In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean:

Carried more products for a mass market.

Had much higher transportation costs.

Dealt exclusively in the trade of luxury goods.

Included trade with East Africa, Central Asia, Northern China and the Americas.

Which of the following luxury goods DID NOT come to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system in the silk roads trade?

Cotton, herbs and spices from India

Silk, paper and lacquerware from China

Gold, salt and slaves from Africa

Dates, nuts and swords from the Middle East

Trade along the Silk Roads was facilitated by

The collapse of the Indian Ocean trade network, which benefitted land routes.

Large and powerful states that provided security for merchants and travelers.

The migration of Bantu-speaking people into South Asia and the Middle East.

The emergence of powerful states in Southeast Asia that controlled the trade.

Which of the following DID NOT AID the flourishing of Indian Ocean trade in the post classical millennium?

The Mongols rise to power facilitated a new wave of maritime trade that had never been seen before.

China provided technological innovations, including larger ships and the magnetic compass, which facilitated trade.

The sudden rise of Islam in the seventh century C.E. And its subsequent spread across much of the Afro-Eurasian world.

Many Swahili city states grew along the coast of East Africa, and became major commercial ports for ships travelling from Southeast Asia and India.

How did Buddhism change as it spread along the Silk Roads?

Buddhist practices increasingly emphasized asceticism and withdrawal from society.

Buddhist doctrines (written instructions) increased the power of priests.

The Buddha became more human and less divine.

Buddhism began to incorporate cultural and religious influences of different peoples along the way.

The states that emerged between 500 and 1600 that controlled the long-distance trade across the Sahara were concentrated in which part of Africa?

The Arabian Peninsula

Western and central Sudan

Madagascar

South Africa

Which of the following WAS NOT AN INFLUENCE of India upon Southeast Asiia from 600 - 1450 C. E. As a result of the Indian Ocean and Silk Roads Trade?

The idea of the caste system appealed to competing warlords in Southeast Asia so they could justify passing on their lands to their families.

Indian artistic forms provided models for sculpture and architecture.

The Buddhist and Hindu faiths both attracted significant followings in Southeast Asia.

Indian alphabets were used to write a number of Southeast Asian languages.

How did the spread of Islam affect Indian Ocean commerce?

Islamic religious leaders decreed that Muslim merchants could have no dealings with non-Muslim traders.

Early rulers of the Arab Empire promoted trade within the empire by banning trade beyond its borders

Islamic rulers were suspicious of merchants and succeeded in shutting down all trade on the Silk Roads.

Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast.

What was one characteristic of Indian cultural influence in Southeast Asia?

It resulted from the political conquest of the region by Emperor Ashoka.

It spread through the voluntary adoption and adaptation of Indian ideas.

It began with the travels of the Buddha to this region toward the end of his life.

It resulted in the region rejecting the influence of Islam.

How did the Silk Road trade affect peasants in China?

Peasants focused more on producing luxury goods.

Peasants abandoned farming to become merchants.

Peasants converted to Buddhism in large numbers.

Peasants cultivated new crops to provide goods for the market.

What WAS NOT AN IMPACT the Arabian camel had on long-distance trade in Eurasia and Africa?

Long distance trade was made possible, and happened frequently, thanks to the camel’s ability to survive harsh and arid deserts, carry heavy loads, and provide reliable transportation.

Harsh and arid deserts, carry heavy loads, and provide reliable transportation. Before the arrival of the camel, it was very difficult to cross the western Sahara, and few goods flowed across the vast arid region, often through indirect exchange. In contrast, camels allowed for frequent, regular, and direct trade across this region.

From the Middle East, Arabian camels and related hybrid species moved along the Silk Roads, becoming a major means of transport as far away as modern Afghanistan.

Due to their ability to carry upwards of 500 pounds, camels were often transported by ship in the Indian Ocean Trade as a valuable trade item to Southeast Asia and China.

Which of the following states or Empires had the greatest control over economic exchange within its borders?

The Aztec Empire

The Inca Empire

The Roman Empire

The Byzantine Empire

The spread of the Black Death from China to Europe in the fourteenth century occurred during an era of increased contact facilitated by:

Monsoon winds

The spread of Islam

The spread of Buddhism

Mongol rule

Which of the following is an example of the Indianization of Southeast Asia?

The architectural expression of Hinduism at Angkor Wat (look up picture online)

The use of Arabic script to write the Swahili language

A bronze African lion with Indian designs

The adoption of Islam as the state religion in Champa

The political structure of Swahili civilization between 600 and 1450 C.E. Was similar to the:

Large empires of ancient Rome and China.

Competitive and independent city-states of ancient Greece.

Stateless cities of the Niger River Valley.

Complex societies of the Eastern Woodlands in North America.

Which of the following describes the Swahili civilization’s relationship with the people who lived in the interior?

Swahili kings expanded into the interior, eventually establishing an empire that stretched from coast to coast.

Swahili states demanded that people living in the interior pay an annual tribute to gain access to the coastal trade.

Swahili cities operated as intermediaries for people from the interior to sell their goods to Arab merchants.

Swahili culture spread throughout most of the interior, as evidenced by widespread acceptance of Islam.

In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Eurasia experienced a period of intensified interaction under the rule of the:

Mongols

Swahilis

Berbers

Chinese

Which of the following highlights an effect of the international trade in silk?

The declining price of silk by the tenth century as demand diminished

The association of silk with the sacred in Buddhism and Christianity

The widespread use of silk materials among commoners

The economic decline of China as competitors produced better quality silk

Chinese history has often been viewed in the West as impressive but largely static, changeless and self-contained. 4 of the following arguments say otherwise. Pick the one answer that is not true.

China's active participation in long distance trade.

The influence of pastoral and nomadic peoples on China, and the spread of Chinese technological innovations to other parts of the world

People in Central Asia were reluctant to interact with Chinese merchants because they felt the trade was becoming unfair

It was popular for a time during the Tang dynasty of “western barbarian” music, dancing, clothing, foods, games, and artistic styles among the upper classes.

China's large port cities were very metropolitan

Which of the following contributed to the doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties?

The conquest of Japan

The adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam

The end of warfare with pastoral peoples

The massive importation of food crops from Central Asia

Those who participated in the Chinese tribute system gained

A permanent garrison of Chinese troops.

A gift of gunpowder and cannons.

The opportunity to trade in China.

Lower tax rates.

Which of the following explains why women’s lives were more restricted in the Song dynasty than in the Tang dynasty?

The introduction of Daoism

The decline of Buddhism

The revival of Confucianism (Remember- it is a very patriarchal (male-dominated) ideology (belief system)

The spread and influence of nomadic cultures

China’s most enduring and intense interaction with outsiders was with

The gathering and hunting societies of Southeast Asia

The nomadic pastoral peoples of the northern steppes.

The various empires that ruled India.

Muslim traders in the Indian Ocean.

Which of the following contributed to China’s economic prosperity during the Tang and Song dynasties?

The suppression of internal trade in order to increase long-distance trade

The import of large numbers of slaves to work in agriculture and industry

The large-scale immigration of indentured servants from Pacific Oceania

A complex network of internal waterways ( 1200 miles of canals) that provided cheap transportation

What do the Xiongnu, the Uighurs, the Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common?

All four paid tribute to China in return for military protection.

All four were ultimately conquered by China.

All four established states in the southern portions of the Chinese empire.

All four required China to send them valuable goods in return for not attacking China.

In their relations with China, the countries of Korea and Japan both

Acknowledged the Chinese emperor as their ruler.

Rejected every aspect of Chinese civilization.

Declined to participate in the Chinese tribute system.

Sent people to China to study Chinese thought and culture.

Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C.E.?

Disorder increased following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which discredited Confucianism.

The celibacy of Buddhist monks and their withdrawal from society correlated well with Confucian values.

Buddhist monks from Korea undertook sustained missionary endeavors.

Rival Shinto priests withdrew to Japan following persecution by the Tang dynasty.

In Song dynasty China, masculine identity came to be defined in terms of

Archery, horseback riding, and athleticism.

Military valor and business acumen.

Calligraphy, scholarship, painting, and poetry.

Weakness, reticence, sacrifice, and delicacy.

Which of the following was a political contribution of the Tang and Song dynasties?

The creation of an aristocracy that transformed the government from a monarchy to an oligarchy

The introduction of administrative procedures that made the huge Chinese bureaucracy unnecessary.

The introduction of democracy into the Chinese political system

The construction of a highly organized Chinese state structure with many departments that lasted until the twentieth century

How was the tribute system an expression of the Chinese view of themselves and their relationship to the world?

The tribute system required non-Chinese to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own subordinate place in a Chinese-centered world order.

The tribute system was based on the assumptions that unity was a natural condition and that China was destined to rule the entire world.

The tribute system maintained the racial purity of the Chinese people by prohibiting intermarriage between Chinese and non-Chinese peoples

The tribute system celebrated the multicultural diversity of the Chinese people and encouraged cultural borrowing.

The emergence of which practice during the Song dynasty suggests that Chinese women’s lives were more restricted than they had been in the Tang dynasty?

Remarriage of widows

Tribute system

Footbinding

Bushido

In what respect was Japan’s borrowing of Chinese culture different from the experiences of Korea and Vietnam?

Japanese people viewed their own country less as a separate nation than as an extension of a universal civilization centered in China.

In Japan, only the lower classes and women embraced Chinese culture, while elite men resisted Chinese influence in all arenas.

Japan adopted many elements of Chinese culture but completely rejected the fundamental principles of Confucianism.

Japan’s borrowing was wholly voluntary rather than occurring under conditions of direct military threat or outright occupation.

Which of the following is an example of how Chinese inventions stimulated innovations in distant lands?

The Chinese formula for gunpowder triggered the development of cannons in Europe.

The Chinese invention of movable type was the inspiration for the creation of the world’s first copy machine in the Islamic world.

The Chinese technique for producing salt by solar evaporation made possible the invention of windmills in Persia.

The Chinese invention of the magnetic compass spurred the Scientific Revolution in Europe.

Which religion provided an element of cultural commonality for the East Asian region?

Buddhism

Daoism

Islam

Christianity

The emergence of the samurai reflected Japan's

Imperial ambitions to conquer China.

Embrace of Confucianism.

Ancient emperor system.

Ununified country, where local authorities developed their own military forces

Which of the following was a technological innovation that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia?

The processing of sugar

Cannons

Printing

The processing of cotton

Which of the following was a technological innovation that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia?

Islam drew on many pre-existing traditions during its first centuries including Abrahamic and Zoroastrian religious traditions, Persian language and artistic traditions, and Greek philosophy.

Wherever it spread it was adopted through by local social and cultural traditions. In West Africa for instance, many older customs concerning women persisted in the new Islamic community.

In Spain, Islam established itself but also coexisted for a time with a pre-existing Christian culture.

In terms of transforming civilizations with which it came into contact, in the first centuries of the new faith areas of Iraq, North Africa, and Egypt converted to Islam and adopted important elements of Arab culture.

Islamic traditions were instrumental in converting Christians throughout Europe because people had lost faith due to a widespread plague epidemic.

Membership in the Islamic community known as the umma was based on a common

Culture

Faith

Race

Class

Which of the following is true of pre-Islamic Arabia?

Arabia had no contact with the long-distance trade networks of Eurasia.

The Arabian Peninsula enjoyed long periods of peace under the Bedouins.

Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians lived among the established Arab populations.

A centralized state had ruled over Arabia since the fourth century

The Arabs were able to construct a huge empire quickly for all of the following reasons EXCEPT WHICH ONE:

The construction of a large fleet of merchant vessels allowed them to trade with both Swahili city States in East Africa as well as along the Silk Road all the way to China.

For the first time, a shared faith in Islam allowed the newly organized state to mobilize the military potential of the entire Arab population.

Merchant leaders of the new Islamic community wanted to capture profitable trade routes and wealthy agricultural regions.

The Byzantine and Persian empires were weakened by decades of war with each other and by internal revolts. They also underestimated the Arab threat.

What initiated the division within Islam between the Sunnis and Shias?

Fear that Muslims in conquered lands were abandoning Islamic teachings

The imam Ali’s new revelation and elaboration of the teachings of Islam

The belief that Husayn, the son of Ali, was the real messiah

Disagreement over who should assume leadership in the Islamic world

Which of the following statements expresses a view of women found in the Quran?

Women were to blame for the evil in the world.

Women were spiritually equal to men.

Women were socially equal to men.

Women were not to leave the house.

In contrast to the Umayyad dynasty, the caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty

Were not challenged by the forces of local autonomy.

Allowed non-Arabs to play a prominent role in society.

Did not identify themselves as Arabs.

Rejected Persian cultural influence.

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Sufism?

Rejection of the idea that one can have direct or personal contact with Allah

Renunciation of (giving up ) the material world in the pursuit of spiritual union with Allah

An exclusively male movement with no place for women

A trend toward secularism, materialism, and republicanism

In which region was conversion to Islam motivated by a desire to expand trading networks rather than from the result of conquest and Islamic rule?

India

Anatolia

West Africa

Spain

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