Study Quiz 6.2

Which chemical formula is incorrectly paired with its name?

Hydrogen ion, H+

Ammonia, NH3

Carbonate ion, CO3–

Hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3–

Which of these is not a general property of acids?

React with other acids

React with carbonates to dissolve them over time

Release H+ in aqueous solution

Taste sour (if dilute)

Which equation shows how acids can dissolve limestone or marble?

SO2(g) + H2O(l)→ H2SO3(aq)

2 H+(aq) + CaCO3(s)→ Ca2+(aq) + CO2(aq) + H2O(l)

HNO3(aq)→ H+(aq) + NO3–(aq)

Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 HCl(aq)→ CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

Which equation represents a neutralization reaction?

SO2(g) + H2O(l)→ H2SO2(aq)

KOH(aq) + HNO3(aq)→ KNO3(aq) + H2O(l)

Mg2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)→ 2 H+(aq) + MgCO3(s)

HCl(aq)→ H+(aq) + Cl(aq

Which of these substances is expected to have the lowest pH?

Household ammonia

Lemon juice

Sea water

Chocolate milk

An aqueous solution is considered basic if

[H+]> [OH-]

The pH of the solution equals 7

[H+]< [OH-]

The pH of the solution is less than 7

If the concentration of H+(aq) in an aqueous solution is 1 x 10-9 M, what is the pH of the solution?

Acidic rain, fog, and snow all have a pH

Much higher than pure water

Equal to that of pure water

Lower than pure water

Somewhat higher than pure water

Which two substances can acidify rain?

NH3(g) and CO2(g)

SO2(g) and O3(g)

CO(g) and NO(g)

SO2(g) and NO2(g)

Acid rain has many different adverse effects. Which incorrectly pairs an item with the effect that acid rain has on it?

vegetation; growth reduction and leaf loss

Marble; erosion of the rock

Human lungs; cancer

Ironwork; increased rusting

By burning coal, what have humans added to the atmosphere that is/are involved in forming acid rain?

NO(g) only

both SO2(g) and NO(g)

SO2(g) only

CO2(g) only

NO(g) and NO2(g) (collectively termed NOx) are

important chemicals in the nitrogen cycle of our planet

Not involved in acid rain because they are not acids

Not found naturally in the atmosphere

less reactive chemicals than N2(g)

Although NOx emissions get less press than CO2 emissions, nonetheless these emissions have huge environmental consequences. Which is not a problem that is related to NOx emissions?

All of these are problems.

Restriction of visibility (haze)

Overloading of ecosystems (fertilizers)

formation of ozone (smog)

CaCO3 is a major chemical component in limestone and marble, materials that can be damaged by acid rain. What is the chemical name for CaCO3?

Calcium carboxide

Calcium carbon trioxide

Calcium carbonite

Calcium carbonate

Which is not a method used to protect iron from the effects of acid rain?

Paint it

Coat it with polymers

Immerse it in salt water

Galvanize it with zinc

Catalytic converters for automobiles were originally developed to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Which chemical equation represents the second function of a modern catalytic converter that is tied to reducing acid rain?

2 NO(g) + O2(g)→ 2 NO2(g)

2 NO(g)→ N2(g) + O2(g)

2 CO(g) + O2(g)→ 2CO2(g)

CO2(g)→ C (g) + O2(g)

What is the connection between NOx emissions and ozone formation?

NO decomposes in the atmosphere to form ozone

NO2 decomposes in the atmosphere to form ozone

With sunlight, NO2 splits to release O which in turn reacts with O2 to form ozone.

With sunlight, NO splits to release O which in turn reacts with O2 to form ozone.

If somebody stops five people on the street and asks them about nitrogen (or sulfur) emissions, we hope they will report that reducing these is an exceedingly cost-effective investment. Why?

There will be less upset to the nitrogen cycle of our planet.

There will be noticeably fewer illnesses and deaths from air pollution.

All of theses (you guessed it!)

There will be better visibility and less haze in many areas

Which best represents the problem of acid rain?

Acid rain is a complex problem and will require many different individual and collective actions to solve.

Acid rain is a somewhat straightforward problem that can be solved by a combination of actions, especially by industry.

Acid rain is a somewhat complex problem but can be solved in a straightforward manner by not burning coal.

Acid rain is a simple problem that can be solved by individual action.

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