Patho exam 4

A vibrant and informative illustration showing a heart and related cardiovascular elements alongside symbols of diabetes management, such as insulin and glucose meters, in a medical-themed setting.

Pathophysiology Quiz: Cardiac and Diabetes Disorders

Test your knowledge on key concepts related to cardiac and diabetes disorders with this engaging quiz designed primarily for nursing students and healthcare professionals. This quiz focuses on pathophysiology and aims to deepen your understanding of various medical conditions.

Key Features:

51 carefully crafted questions
Covers essential topics in cardiology and diabetes management
Boost your exam readiness and clinical knowledge

51 Questions13 MinutesCreated by HealingHeart101

A nursing student is caring for a patient that presented to the emergency room with a sudden onset of angina. The sharp pain gets better when they sit up and lean forward. Upon further evaluation, there is pericardial friction rub. The nursing student can assume the patient in experiencing..

Acute Pericarditis

Deep vein Thrombosis

Silent Myocardial Ischemia

HTN

The nurse knows that Pericardial Effusion occurs when..

The heart rubs against the thoracic wall creating friction and sound

Fluid builds up in the pericardial cavity

There is a plaque build up in the arteries

The atrium has an rapid uneven pulse

The nursing student is educating a patient on Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The nursing student must include risk factors such as..

Athletes, male gender, age

Family history, diet, Caucasian

Abdominal obesity, old age, smoking

Smoking, high HDL levels, hypotension

Upon evaluation of a patient, the nursing student finds a plaque with a thick fibrous membrane in the arteries providing blood to the heart. She should do what FIRST?

Call the HCP about the formation of a stable angina

Call the HCP about the formation of an unstable angina

Record this as a normal finding and continue their assessment

Inform the family that the patient needs to incorporate more fried fatty food into their diet

The serum biomarker indicative of ACS (NSTEMI, STEMI) that is cardiac specific

Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB)

Aldosterone

Cortisol

Troponin 1 and Troponin T

The nursing student knows that the risk factors of Silent Myocardial Ischemia include

The nursing student needed to push back the patient's metoprolol because the patient could not swallow the pill. When the nursing student checked the patient's vitals, their BP read 170/108. The student recognizes this as a..

Normal BP

Hypertensive crisis

Stage 2 HTN

Stage 1 HTN

A patient with DM Type 2 presents to the ER with mild aching in both legs. Upon further evaluation, their pulses are +1 and hair is absent only on the calves and toes. This patient appears to be experiencing...

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Unstable Angina

Acute pericarditis

In order for the bed bound patient to prevent the formation of a DVT the nursing student knows that they must..

Provide the patient with Furosemide

Use a Ted hose or Sequential Compression Device (SCD)

Put rails up x4 and a fall risk sign outside the patients room

Put the patient in Reverse Trendelenberg position

A 28 year old Male presents to the emergency room with ulcerations and gangrenous changes. Upon further evaluation the nursing student observes their skin is thin and shiny and experiences Intermittent claudication. The nursing student assumes the patient is experiencing..

Buerger's Disease

Raynaud's disease

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Silent MI

Vasospasm of arteries & arterioles of upper & lower extremities accompanied chronologically by pallor, cyanosis, and redness in the fingers and toes is referred to as..

Buerger's disease

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Raynaud's disease

HTN

Elevated serum biomarkers, ST-segment depression, T-wave changes, Transient ST segment elevation, and unstable angina is consistent with which pathological concern

STEMI

NSTEMI

HTN

When caring for a patient with diabetes, the nursing student knows that insulin _____, while glucagon _____.

Decreases gluconeogenesis, increases gluconeogenesis

Increases gluconeogenesis, decreases gluconeogenesis

Promotes glycogen breakdown, promotes glycogen synthesis

Increases HbA1C levels, Decreases HbA1C levels

A patient is given glucocorticoids to manage their diabetes. What are the affects it will have on the body?

Lower blood glucose levels

Raise blood glucose levels

Increase sensitivity to insulin

Glucocorticoids would not have an affect on their blood glucose

The student nurse is making rounds and completing the 0700 Accu-Cheks. The student observes that the patient's blood glucose is 76 mg/dL. What should the student nurse do next?

Call the Health Care Provider (HCH)

Administer 5 units of insulin according to the sliding scale

Record this finding as normal and write it on whiteboard

Put the patient on 1L of dextrose @ 1000mL/hr

A patient is receiving blood work results to find out if they are pre-diabetic. Their results show fasting blood glucose is 90 mg/dL and HbA1C is 6.2%. The student nurse knows that the patient is..

Normal, 90 mg/dL is normal for fasting glucose

Hypoglycemic, 6.2% is low for HbA1C

Hyperglycemic, their HbA1C levels are indicative of poor management of their DM over the last few days

Pre-diabetic, their HbA1C levels are indicative of elevated blood glucose over the past 3 months

An Asian patient presents with complications of diabetes but when tested, there was an absolute insulin deficiency but no autoantibodies were detected. The nursing student realizes that the patient must be experiencing..

Type 1A DM

Type 1B DM

Type 2 DM

HHS

The student nurse is reading their newly admitted patient's chart and notices they have Diabetes Mellitus Type 1A. The student can expect their lab values to show..

Absolute insulin deficiency and autoantibodies present

Absolute insulin deficiency and autoantibodies NOT present

Insulin resistance and autoantibodies present

Insulin resistance and autoantibodies NOT present

The nurse is educating a patient on factors that put you at risk for developing DM Type 2. She includes which of the following in her teaching?

The student nurse knows that _____ is a condition represented by central obesity, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose levels and can develop into type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

DKA

HHS

Metabolic Syndrome

Hypoglycemia

The student nurse knows that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is recognized as..

A disease that results from an imbalance between insulin availability and insulin need

A lack of insulin causing increased fatty acid levels and ketone production by the liver

Hyperglycemia, Hyperosmolarity, and dehydration without ketoacidosis

Too much insulin in the body causing depression of the sensorium

An obese patient presents to the ER with dehydration and fatigue. Upon further evaluation, lab values show that the blood glucose levels read 348 and HbA1C levels read 7.1% and no autoantibodies were present. The patient's history shows both paternal and maternal grandparents have a history of DM. The student nurse is certain that this patient is experiencing symptoms from.

Hypoglycemia

DM Type 2

DM Type 1A

DM Type 1B

The second semester nursing student studying for their fourth pathophysiology exam understands that the three Poly's of DM are..

A patient presents with fatigue, paresthesia, and dehydration. The nursing student knows that these are all symptoms of..

Hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypervolemia

Hypocalcemia

A patient presents with a headache, AMS, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. The nursing student know that these are symptoms of..

Hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypervolemia

Hypocalcemia

The nursing student knows that patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 can develop an onset of symptoms such as: hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis, known as..

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Hyperglycemic Ketoacidosis (HKA)

All symptoms provided align strictly with DM Type 1 only

The nursing student knows that patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 can develop an onset of symptoms including hyperglycemia, dehydration, and hyperosmolarity, with the absence of ketoacidosis. This is considered..

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Hyperglycemic Ketoacidosis (HKA)

All symptoms provided align strictly with DM Type 2 only

The student nurse understands that _____ is the hormone responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels during times of stress.

Prothrombin

Insulin

Glucagon

Catecholamine's Norepinephrine and epinephrine

The target gland is essentially normal, but its function is altered by defective levels of stimulating hormones or releasing factors from the pituitary system.

Primary disorder

Secondary disorder

Tertiary disorder

Quaternary disorder

Hypofunction refers to ____ while Hyperfunction refers to ____.

Congenital defects, excess hormone production

Excess hormone production, congenital defects

Excessive stimulation, destruction of gland

Hyperplasia of gland, inflammation

The student nurse observes a patient with excessive hormone production, hyperplasia, and hypothalamic lesions. The nursing student knows that the patient is experiencing

Hyperpituitarism

Hypopituitarism

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

The student nurse observes a patient with deficiencies in multiple anterior pituitary hormones and congenital heart disease. The student realizes this patient is most likely experiencing..

Hyperpituitarism

Hypopituitarism

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

A patient is admitted to the ER with symptoms of SOB, diaphoresis, thin hair and skin, and increased oxygen consumption. The student nurse recognizes that these are symptoms of..

Hyperpituitarism

Hypopituitarism

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

A patient presents the the ER with symptoms of a hypometabolic state such as: weakness, fatigued, weight gain, puffy face, edema, and bradycardia. The student nurse expects this patient to be experiencing..

Hyperpituitarism

Hypopituitarism

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

A patient is experiencing signs and symptoms including high urine output and dehydration. Upon further evaluation, lab values show a deficit of ADH and Hypernatremia and a damaged posterior pituitary. The nursing student knows that this is most likely caused by ____.

SIADH

DKA

HHS

A patient is experiencing signs and symptoms including low urine output and overhydration. Lab values show that there are excessive levels of ADH and Hyponatremia and hyperactivity of the pituitary. The student nurse understands that these are all symptoms of..

SIADH

DKA

HHS

The thyroid releases T3 and T4. T4 is inactive until converted into T3 by tissues. What is the purpose of T3

Depress Metabolism

Increase fluid retention

Stimulate Metabolism

Increase fluid elimination

A patient presents with tetany, muscle cramps, convulsions, and hypotension. Lab values show deficient PTH secretion and hypocalcemia. The student nurse knows this is indicative of..

Hyperpituitarism

Hypopituitarism

Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism

The student nurse is taking care of a newly admitted patient who presented with Exophthalmos, goiter, and hyperthyroidism. The student nurse understands that the patient has..

Addison's disease

Myxedema Coma

Cushing syndrome

Grave's Disease

A patient is admitted to the ER on the verge of 'coding'. Their signs and symptoms include very high fever, tachycardia, angina, and delirium. The medical team should treat this patient as if they have..

Thyroid Storm

Cushing syndrome

Addison's disease

Grave's disease

Coma, accompanied by hypoventilation, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia and hypothermia is defined as..

Thyroid Storm

Cushing syndrome

Myxedema coma

Addison's disease

A patient who has copper toned skin is admitted onto the ICM floor. They are presenting with hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia. The nursing student can determine the patient is experiencing symptoms from..

Thyroid storm

Addison's disease

Cushing syndrome

Grave's disease

A nursing student gets out of class one day and sees a woman walking down the street. She has a buffalo hump, moon face, abdominal fat, and mild acne. The nursing student remembered from their lecture that this woman is showing symptoms of..

Thyroid storm

Addison's disease

Cushing syndrome

Grave's disease

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Patho exam 4

Pathophysiology Quiz: Cardiac and Diabetes Disorders

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