Embryology final review
Embryology Final Review Quiz
Test your knowledge and understanding of key concepts in embryology with this comprehensive quiz. Covering a range of topics from cellular fun
- Multiple choice questions
- Covers essential embryology topics
- Increase your knowledge in a fun way
The information in mRNA is translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
True
False
Each of the following is a derivative of ectoderm EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Tooth enamel
Tooth dentin
Epidermis
Nervous system
Spindles present during mitosis are attached to centromeres.
True
False
The embryonic skeleton first forms as bone.
True
False
Fertilization takes place in the distal part of the uterine tube.
True
False
The cell may contain more than one nucleolus.
True
False
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial resting stage?
S phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
Prophase
Which organelle produces microtubules?
Nucleus
Centriole
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
The foramen ovale closes during the third week of prenatal life.
True
False
Before the development of the vascular system, the vitelline system provides nutrients to the embryo.
True
False
T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages are produced in the _________.
Spleen
Cerebellum
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
The _______ provides an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo.
Ovary
Uterine tube
Myometrium
Endometrium
Which type of bone formation occurs through a tight matrix of collagen fibers, which slowly calcify into bone?
Endochondral
Intramembranous
Epiphyseal
Interstitial growth
Endoderm and ectoderm are the first two germ layers to develop.
True
False
The ovum contains twice as many chromosomes as its parent cell.
True
False
Which organ system is the largest?
Digestive
Endocrine
Respiratory
Integumentary
Blood is an example of which of the following four primary types of tissue?
Neural
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Each is part of a neuron EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Axon
Plasma
Dendrite
Bone is calcified connective tissue.
True
False
Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the _____ system.
Sensory
Afferent
Somatic
Autonomic
Neuroglia cells are __________ numerous than neurons.
Slightly less
Slightly more
Significantly less
Significantly more
Which body system relies on neural stimuli to function?
Vascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Respiratory
The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _____ days.
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 13
The spinal cord consists of how many segments?
21
22
30
31
Ligaments and tendons are composed of which tissue?
Neural
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective
Which organ system secretes and regulates hormones in the blood?
Exocrine
Endocrine
Lymphatic system
Neural system
Buccal mucosa renews itself in ____ days.
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 9
10 to 14
Which of the following insulates axons located outside the CNS?
Bone
Endomysium
Myelin sheath
Connective tissue
Connective tissue proper is classified as ______________.
Dense, striated, or smooth
Simple, stratified, or squamous
Dense, loose, or loose with special properties
Dense, elastic, or elastic with special properties
Blood returns to the heart through
Capillaries
Veins
Large elastic arteries.
Smaller muscular arteries.
The mandible develops from the second branchial arch.
True
False
The face develops in the ____________ prenatal weeks.
First to third
Fourth to seventh
Eighth to eleventh
Twelfth to fourteenth
Branchial clefts may be found along the anterior border of the trapezius muscle
True
False
In the first 20 weeks, the prenatal mandible articulates with which bone(s)?
Incus
Malleus
Stapes
Both A and B
Which defines the term synchondrosis?
The rod-shaped cartilage of the hyoid arch.
The center of all growth and function in the mandible.
A band of connective tissue containing osteogenic cells.
A union of two bones that have been separated by cartilage.
Facial muscles develop from the second pharyngeal arch.
True
False
A pharyngeal fistula opens to drain on the:
Cheek
Buccal mucosa
Side of the neck and the pharynx.
Chest.
Each of the following sutures is a facial suture EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Frontomaxillary
Sagittal
Zygomaticomaxillary
Zygomaticotemporal
The stomodeum first appears in the __________ week of prenatal development.
Second
Fourth
Sixth
Eighth
Meckel’s cartilage acts as a framework for the developing mandible.
True
False
The nasal capsule contains the organ of smell.
True
False
Which branchial arches form the hyoid bone?
I and II
II and III
III and IV
IV and V
The thymus gland arises from which branchial arch?
I
II
III
IV
The cranial base is determined by drawing a line from the nasal bone (nasion) to which structure?
External auditory canal
Tragus of the ear
Petrous portion of the temporal bone
Sella turcica
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) provides taste sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
True
False
Each of the following is part of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Lingual tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil
Foramen cecum
In the fifth week, the frontal process becomes known as the:
Frontonasal process
Philtrum.
Medial nasal process.
Lateral nasal process.
Which best defines the term fusion?
A separation of tissues
The enzymatic action that results in self-destruction
A merging of adjacent tissues during orofacial development
The period of growth in which the face becomes recognizably human
An opening of a nostril into the oral cavity is classified as an incomplete cleft lip.
True
False
In which direction do the palatine shelves grow on contact with the tongue in the seventh prenatal week?
Upward
Downward
Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Cleft palate will not occur without cleft lip
True
False
The heart begins pumping blood during which week of gestation?
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
A cleft may occur in the _______.
Lip
Palate
Mandible
Lip, palate, and mandible
Cleft palate is the most common facial malformation.
True
False
Which best defines the term nasal fin?
Oblique groove extending from the nostrils to the eyes
Medial nasal process that composes part of the upper lip
Zone of fusion that binds the maxillary and medial processes
Wedge-shaped process that assists in the formation of the palate
Which muscle grows around the oral pit in the sixth prenatal week?
Buccinator
Mylohyoid
Orbicularis oris
Zygomatic major
The thyroid gland originates from
Foramen cecum.
Muscles of the occipital myotomes.
The auricular hillocks
The palatine shelves.
Development of the upper lip depends on fusion of the philtrum and maxillary processes.
True
False
The word for programmed cell death during palatal shelf elevation and closure is
Fusion
Merging
Apoptosis
Migration
The oral and nasal cavities are separated by the
Alveolar bone.
Alveolar bone.
Palate.
Nasal septum.
After the enamel organ differentiates, the dental lamina begins to __________.
Divide
Reform
Expand
Degenerate
Which sequence reflects the correct order of appearance?
Predentin, ameloblasts, enamel, odontoblasts
Ameloblasts, enamel, odontoblasts, predentin
Ameloblasts, odontoblasts, predentin, enamel
Odontoblasts, enamel, ameloblasts, predentin
Enamel forms from which type of cells?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Dental papilla
Tooth development relies on an interaction between the ectoderm and mesenchyme.
True
False
Which of the following best defines the primary cuticle?
Mineralized, mature enamel.
A cell junction complex, which attaches one ameloblast to another
An organic substance secreted on the surface of enamel by ameloblasts.
An unmineralized protein secreted by ameloblasts in a young enamel matrix.
Which permanent tooth forms from the general lamina?
Molar
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
Which two cellular layers fuse to form the root sheath?
Which two cellular layers fuse to form the root sheath? Ameloblast and odontoblast cells
Cementoid and epithelial rest cells
Inner and outer enamel epithelial cells
Stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum cells
Tomes processes develop in which stage of ameloblast differentiation?
Secretion
Protection
Maturation
Organization
Which cells of the enamel organ assist ameloblasts in forming enamel?
Stellate reticulum
Stratum intermedium
Inner enamel epithelial
Outer enamel epithelial
Which is a genetic disorder that makes teeth susceptible to excessive wear?
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Predentin calcifies to form dentin within ____ hours.
12
24
48
72
The stages of tooth development occur in which order?
Bud, cap, bell
Bell, bud, cap
Cap, bell, bud
Bud, bell, cap
During root development, the epithelial diaphragm __________.
Fuses to the stratum intermedium
Surrounds the apical opening of the dental pulp
Forms the cortical plate, which covers the mandible
Deposits an enamel matrix along the dentoenamel junction
Cementoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts originate from dental follicular cells
True
False
Which tissue does not support the dentition?
Enamel
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament
Fusion of the tooth (reduced enamel epithelium) with the oral epithelium forms which type of connection?
Periodontal ligament
Junctional epithelium
Trabeculae
Fundic
Hard tissue resorption comprises which two phases?
Mineral and collagen phases
Prefunctional and functional phases
Extracellular and intracellular phases
Fibroblast eruptive and osteoclast functional phases
During eruption, the epithelial attachment shifts to the cervical area.
True
False
The ______ stage of tooth development contains permanent and primary teeth in various stages of formation.
Preeruptive
Mixed dentition
Late prefunctional
Functional eruptive
Eruptive movement of posterior teeth occurs occlusally through the bony crypt of the jaws to reach the mucosa.
True
False
Which of the following is the origin of osteoclasts?
Fibroblasts
Monocytes
Amino acids
Root resorption
Tooth eruption requires formation of the eruption
Ruffled border
Diphyodont
Pathway
Leeway space
Which of the following defines the functional eruption phase?
Which of the following defines the functional eruption phase?
The final stage, which includes occlusal wear of the enamel
The process of initiation of root development into the oral cavity
The final stage, in which the teeth require adjustments relative to the bony crypt
How many teeth are in the primary dentition and how many teeth are in the permanent dentition?
20 in primary; 28 in permanent
20 in primary; 32 in permanent
32 in primary; 32 in permanent
32 in primary; 52 in permanent
The mesiodistal size difference between a primary molar and a permanent premolar is called the ____.
Leeway space
Furcation zone
Parietal plexus
Incisor liability
Enamel is about twice as thick in permanent teeth as it is in primary teeth.
True
False
Osteoblasts are the active cells in both the formation and degradation of the collagen fibers.
True
False
Primary and permanent teeth have a similar enamel prism structure, except at the tooth surface.
True
False
Why are humans considered to be diphyodonts?
Because they possess two dentitions.
Because the adult molars are intended for chewing plants.
Because the adult canines are pointed and have a single cusp.
Because the mesio-distal dimension of the adult premolars is less than that of the primary molars.
Which permanent tooth develops without a primary predecessor?
Molar
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
Hunter-Schreger bands extend through half- to two-thirds of the enamel.
True
False
Which part of the enamel rod is most sensitive to demineralization?
Tail
Core
Heaad
Sheath
Ameloblasts deposit 4 µm of enamel rods daily.
True
False
Which of the following best defines the neonatal line?
An accentuated incremental line.
A defect caused by the misdirection of enamel rods
Light and dark enamel rod groups, made visible with light.
A series of dark growth rings noticeable in the cross section of enamel.
Ameloblasts migrate away from the dentinoenamel junction as they produce enamel rods.
True
False
Etching the surface of enamel stimulates remineralization.
True
False
Each enamel rod is formed by a single ameloblast.
True
False
Enamel varies in density and hardness.
True
False
Incremental lines result from the rhythmic, recurrent deposition of enamel.
True
False
The organic component of enamel is called
Hydroxyapatite
Enamelin
Gnarled enamel.
Perikymata.
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